Realistic Targets Research Articles

Fundamentals of organ and tissue procurement

Transplantation is the treatment of choice for the terminal evolution of many organ failures. This recent solution has been deployed in France, essentially from deceased donors, in a state of encephalic death or after circulatory arrest. The ethical issues raised by these practices are strictly regulated. The Agence de la biomédecine, in conjunction with healthcare professionals and supervisory authorities, is the public operator in charge of organizing and developing the procurement activities. The volume of activity, severely disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic, is now back on the rise. The 2022-2026 transplant plan sets ambitious but realistic targets to meet the needs of waiting patients.

Comprehensive Review of Electrolyte Modification Strategies for Stabilizing Zn Metal Anodes

AbstractIn response to the need of sustainable development, there is an increasing demand for electrical energy storage, leading to a stimulated pursuit of advanced batteries. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. Despite the great efforts made by researchers in designing and developing high‐performance AZIBs, several challenges remain. Particularly for Zn anode, the growth of zinc dendrites and occurance of various side reactions significantly hinder the advancement of AZIBs. This review article aims to discuss the principles of AZIBs, the electrolyte's structure and properties, the challenges faced by AZIBs anodesm and the strategies to improve battery performance through electrolyte modification in a systematic manner. In conclusion, potential future directions aimed at enhancing the stability of zinc anodes and cathodes by electrolyte modification strategies are proposed to ensure that research efforts are geared toward achieving realistic performance targets for commercializing AZIBs.

A Study to Evaluate the Role of Three-Dimensional Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labelling in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well known to detect ischemic brain tissue and evaluate the tissue vulnerable to infarction. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been a mainstay of stroke evaluation but has a few shortcomings, as it generally indicates only the core of ischemia and does not provide information regarding the tissue at risk or the ischemic penumbra surrounding the infarct. Perfusion imaging identifies brain tissue that has reduced blood flow as a potential target for reperfusion therapy. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a new non-invasive, non-contrast MRI perfusion sequence used to detect areas of hypoperfusion qualitatively and quantitatively and also identify the area at risk, i.e., the penumbra, in acute ischemic stroke. The most important component of the imaging is to determine the ischemic penumbra. One of the working definitions of penumbra is brain tissue that is ischemic but not yet infarcted and is at risk of further damage unless the flow is rapidly restored. Hence, perfusion-diffusion mismatch provides a realistic target for potential intervention. The aim of our study is to assess the role of ASLimaging in identifying the penumbra and providing insight into the management of acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods Patients who presented with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke were included in the study, and an MRI stroke protocol comprising DWI, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), ASL, and magnetic resonanceangiogram (MRA) sequences was done. Post-thrombolysis, a follow-up MRI was done using DWI, ASL, and MRA to see the restoration of perfusion in the ischemic penumbra. Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous ASL (in our study, ASL refers to pseudo-continuous ASL) is included in the stroke protocol in cases of acute ischemic stroke and assessed qualitatively. Results Our study included 43 patients (n = 43), of whom 39.5% (17 patients) belong to the age group of 51-60 years and 2.3% (one patient) are in the age group of 21-30 years. All 43 cases demonstrated DWI-FLAIR mismatch, suggestive of ischemic stroke within the window period, and all 43 cases showed DWI-ASL mismatch, suggestive of a large yet potentially salvageable peri-infarct ischemic penumbra. The most common territory involved was the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was the least commonly involved territory. We had one case involving the MCA-PCA watershed zone. Conclusion Arterial spin labelling is a novel, non-invasive, non-contrast MRI sequence with the capability to provide qualitative information regarding the salvageable ischemic penumbra, and timely management prevents the progression of the penumbra. The incorporation of ASL as part of the standard neuroimaging protocol aids in the management of acute stroke, giving insight into the prediction of outcome.

SP3.4 Barriers to deceased donor kidney organ utilisation: Results of a National Transplant ACcess to Theatre (NTACT) Audit

Abstract Aims Various barriers to deceased-donor kidney utilisation exist, however, there is a lack of data on these; therefore, this national audit aims to identify the barriers to prompt kidney utilisation after the arrival of organs at the implanting centre (IC). Methods We conducted a multicentre, prospective audit of adult deceased-donor kidney-only transplants across 14 UK centres between February and September 2022. Data was collected on time-intervals between significant checkpoints before transplantation and perceived reasons for delays. Data was recorded on RedCap and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results 476 kidney-only transplants were recorded (59 excluded-incomplete/incorrect data). There were 215 donations after brainstem death (DBD) organs and 202 donation after circulatory death (DCD) organs. The median cold ischaemia time (CIT) for DBD organs was 10:51 (IQR: 08:07-14:44), and for DCD organs was 11:09 (IQR: 08:13-14:50). The national CIT recommendations were exceeded by 40% of DCD and 14% of DBD organs. The median time-interval between the organ’s arrival at IC and knife-to-skin was 04:16 (IQR 02:46-07:52). The median time-interval between anaesthetic induction and knife-to-skin was 00:55 (IQR: 00:39-01:10). In 17% of cases, crossmatch results arrived after organ arrival at IC, median delay was 02:30 (IQR: 00:56-04:27). Delays were reported in 34% of cases, availability of the surgical team, anaesthetic team, porters, and the operating theatre were the most common causes of delay. Conclusions A significant proportion of kidneys were implanted beyond nationally recommended CIT. This audit delineated the current timings of each stage of the transplantation process and will be used in future to set realistic targets to optimise current practice.

Multimessenger emission from the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs

ABSTRACT We present fully general relativistic 3D numerical simulations of accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of white dwarfs (WDs). We evolve three different WD models (non-rotating, rotating at 80 per cent and 99 per cent of the Keplerian mass shedding limit) that collapse due to electron capture. For each of these models, we provide a detailed analysis of their gravitational waves (GWs), neutrinos, and electromagnetic counterpart and discuss their detectability. Our results suggest that fast rotating AICs could be detectable up to a distance of 8 Mpc with third-generation GW observatories, and up to 1 Mpc with LIGO. AIC progenitors are expected to have large angular momentum due to their accretion history, which is a determining factor for their stronger GW emission compared to core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Regarding neutrino emission, we found no significant difference between AICs and CCSNe. In the electromagnetic spectrum, we find that AICs are two orders of magnitude fainter than type Ia supernovae. Our work places AICs as realistic targets for future multimessenger searches with third generation ground-based GW detectors.

Lepton–Nucleus Interactions within Microscopic Approaches

This review paper emphasizes the significance of microscopic calculations with quantified theoretical error estimates in studying lepton–nucleus interactions and their implications for electron scattering and accelerator neutrino oscillation measurements. We investigate two approaches: Green’s Function Monte Carlo and the extended factorization scheme, utilizing realistic nuclear target spectral functions. In our study, we include relativistic effects in Green’s Function Monte Carlo and validate the inclusive electron scattering cross section on carbon using available data. We compare the flux-folded cross sections for neutrino-carbon scattering with T2K and MINERνA experiments, noting the substantial impact of relativistic effects in reducing the theoretical curve strength when compared to MINERνA data. Additionally, we demonstrate that quantum Monte Carlo-based spectral functions accurately reproduce the quasi-elastic region in electron scattering data and T2K flux-folded cross sections. By comparing results from Green’s Function Monte Carlo and the spectral function approach, which share a similar initial target state description, we quantify errors associated with approximations in the factorization scheme and the relativistic treatment of kinematics in Green’s Function Monte Carlo.

How to detect lensing rotation

Gravitational lensing rotation of images is predicted to be negligible at linear order in density perturbations, but can be produced by the post-Born lens-lens coupling at second order. This rotation is somewhat enhanced for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) lensing due to the large source path length, but remains small and very challenging to detect directly by CMB lensing reconstruction alone. We show the rotation may be detectable at high significance as a cross-correlation signal between the curl reconstructed with Simons Observatory (SO) or CMB-S4 data, and a template constructed from quadratic combinations of large-scale structure (LSS) tracers. Equivalently, the lensing rotation-tracer-tracer bispectrum can also be detected, where LSS tracers considered include the CMB lensing convergence, galaxy density, and the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB), or optimal combinations thereof. We forecast that an optimal combination of these tracers can probe post-Born rotation at the level of 5.7σ–6.1σ with SO and 13.6σ–14.7σ for CMB-S4, depending on whether standard quadratic estimators or maximum a posteriori iterative methods are deployed. We also show possible improvement up to 21.3σ using a CMB-S4 deep patch observation with polarization-only iterative lensing reconstruction. However, these cross-correlation signals have non-zero bias because the rotation template is quadratic in the tracers, and exists even if the lensing is rotation free. We estimate this bias analytically, and test it using simple null-hypothesis simulations to confirm that the bias remains subdominant to the rotation signal of interest. Detection and then measurement of the lensing rotation cross-spectrum is therefore a realistic target for future observations.

Optimal spatial-temporal cooperative guidance against a maneuvering target

This paper proposes an optimal three-dimensional (3-D) spatial-temporal cooperative guidance (STCG) law for intercepting a maneuvering target with impact angle and time constraints. The guidance problem is studied to achieve spatial cooperation for multi-directional attack in the normal channel and temporal cooperation for simultaneous interception in the tangential channel, respectively. Firstly, the 3-D optimal impact-angle-control guidance (OIACG) is introduced to formulate spatial interception geometry. Based on this law, the relative trajectory length is analytically derived and an accurate time-to-go predictor is formulated against maneuvering targets. In the tangential channel, an optimal temporal cooperative guidance is proposed by leveraging high-dimensional Schwarz inequality method. The proposed algorithm is believed to outperform the existing nonlinear cooperative guidance laws due to its optimality with specific performance index for minimizing the control expenditure. The convergence properties of the proposed STCG law are provided to facilitate its practical implementation. Comparison simulations and application under the realistic pursuer model and target estimation are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed cooperative method.

Cognitive Load Estimation in VR Flight Simulator.

This paper discusses the design and development of a low-cost virtual reality (VR) based flight simulator with cognitive load estimation feature using ocular and EEG signals. Focus is on exploring methods to evaluate pilot's interactions with aircraft by means of quantifying pilot's perceived cognitive load under different task scenarios. Realistic target tracking and context of the battlefield is designed in VR. Head mounted eye gaze tracker and EEG headset are used for acquiring pupil diameter, gaze fixation, gaze direction and EEG theta, alpha, and beta band power data in real time. We developed an AI agent model in VR and created scenarios of interactions with the piloted aircraft. To estimate the pilot's cognitive load, we used low-frequency pupil diameter variations, fixation rate, gaze distribution pattern, EEG signal-based task load index and EEG task engagement index. We compared the physiological measures of workload with the standard user's inceptor control-based workload metrics. Results of the piloted simulation study indicate that the metrics discussed in the paper have strong association with pilot's perceived task difficulty.

On the Effects of Range-Doppler Processing for Target Detection in OFDM-Based RadCom

In integrated radar sensing and radio communication (or simply termed RadCom) literature, a standard method is to use orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms as communication signals and to sense the echoes of this OFDM signal for radar purposes. While OFDM radar is shown to be simple and effective in proper circumstances, its detection performance under multi-scatterer target scenarios has not been investigated thoroughly yet. This letter focuses on this issue, indicating that the 2-D periodogram method, which is the most commonly used detection method for OFDM radars in the literature, performs poorly when the targets consist of multiple scattering centers. Then, an interference-aware adaptive detector is proposed and shown to be robust against such realistic target scenarios. Analytical and simulation results are provided to support the idea.

Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Target Layout Mathematical Support

Mathematical support of target layout with pre-scaling during storage and mixing of target image boundaries is described when displaying on a shooting range for the optical-electronic shooting simulator 'Inhibitor' developed at Institute of mechanics UdmFRC UB RAS and at Computer Engineering department of Kalashnikov ISTU jointly with JSC «Kalashnikov» Concern». The tactical and technical task for the implementation of the target layout is given: support for all targets from the Shooting Course and realistic targets, the angular dimensions of objects on the screen must correspond to the real ranges to them, and the speed of visualization algorithms allows simultaneously displaying at least 32 targets with a frequency of at least 25 frames/s. When developing mathematical support, the BMP format for storing TrueColor images with the scale of 1 pixel = 1cm2 was chosen, scaling targets to speed up further processing and the obligatory mixing of object-background border colors when displaying fractional coordinate support with pixel fractions of greatly reduced targets on the screen (so a thoracic target 50 cm wide at a distance of 100 m should be 12.8 points wide, while at a distance of 600 m - 2.13 points only) was emphasizes. The carried out studies of mathematical support performance for the target layout images formation confirmed compliance with the tactical and technical task requirements and recommended a pre-scaling factor of 0.5 (1:2) for optimal «quality-performance» ratio. Based on the prospects for further research and development of electronic shooting simulators and due to the improvement of computing tools and the development of software graphics libraries, it is necessary to expand the eficiency of simulators and reduce costs, which means to increase competitiveness, for example, by increasing the target layout display realism.

Multi-dimensional Feasibility of Bangladesh’s Solar Power Target

The declining cost of solar technology and declaration of Japan, China, and Korea to not invest in new coal power plants has opened up new possibilities for the expansion of solar deployment worldwide. Bangladesh has also scrapped the plan to build new coal power plant like many other lower middle-income countries in Asia. However, the lower middle-income countries were not able to take the opportunity of the declining solar cost in last one decade and the growth of solar remained in the formative phase for most of the developing countries. Bangladesh has already missed the target to generate 10% from renewable by the year 2020. The increasing emphasis on solar globally and locally has pushed the government to set ambitious targets without considering the techno-economic, socio-technical, and political feasibility of solar. This research has used process tracing based on policy documents and interviews to explore the mechanisms through which solar deployment grew slowly in Bangladesh. Then, this paper found out the feasible, moderately feasible, ambitious, and highly ambitious solar targets of Bangladesh and identified the factors that can increase the multi-dimensional feasibility of solar targets. It shows that market mechanism alone cannot increase feasibility of the target and argues that socio-technical and political feasibility must also be considered in setting realistic target.
 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp.33-56

Entanglement-assisted detection of fading targets via correlation-to-displacement conversion

Quantum illumination utilizes an entanglement-enhanced sensing system to outperform classical illumination in detecting a suspected target, despite the entanglement-breaking loss and noise. However, practical and optimal receiver design to fulfill the quantum advantage has been a long open problem. Recently, Shi et al. [arXiv:2207.06609 (2022)] proposed the correlation-to-displacement $(`\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\stackrel{P\vec}{}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{D}\text{'})$ conversion module to enable an optimal receiver design that greatly reduces the complexity of the previous known optimal receiver [Q. Zhuang, Z. Zhang, and J. H. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 040801 (2017)]. There, the analyses of the conversion module assume an ideal target with a known reflectivity and a fixed return phase. In practical applications, however, targets often induce a random return phase; moreover, their reflectivities can have fluctuations obeying a Rayleigh distribution. In this paper, we extend the analyses of the $\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\stackrel{P\vec}{}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{D}$ module to realistic targets and show that the entanglement advantage is maintained albeit reduced. In particular, the conversion module allows exact and efficient performance evaluation despite the non-Gaussian nature of the quantum channel involved.

Study on reducing the grid dependency of urban housing in Nordic climate by hybrid renewable energy systems

Volatile energy prices and the pursuit of energy resilience drive households and housing cooperatives to invest in renewable energy generation (REG) with an aim to reduce grid dependency (GD). The optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) calls for minimizing both imported and exported energy plus non-exportable energy dump on site. The Total Energy Transfer Index (TETI) is a novel indicator to quantify energy transfer between buildings and the grid. However, the TETI does not specify the on-site energy dump. The present study introduces another indicator, the Weighted Energy Transfer Index (WETI), which is the weighted average of imported energy fraction, exported energy fraction and energy dump factor. The results of a computational study involving a conceptual Finnish townhouse suggest that using the TETI as a design criterion still allows oversizing the HRES. On the other hand, the results imply that a realistic target level of grid dependency for an HRES from energy prosumers’ perspective is TETI < 1. The economic viability of an HRES presumes that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) does not exceed the price of imported energy. The computational results suggest that in Finland, the grid parity of an HRES is obtained at the electricity prices between 17…29 €c/kWh, including transfer charges and taxes.

Estimating the common agricultural policy milestones and targets by neural networks

The New Delivery Model, introduced by the 2023–2027 Common Agricultural Policy, shifts the focus of policy programming and design from a compliance-based approach to one based on performance. The objectives indicated in the national strategic plans are monitored through the definition of a set of milestones and targets. This makes it necessary to define realistic and financially consistent target values. The aim of this paper is to outline a methodology to quantify robust target values for result indicators. As the main method, a machine learning model based on multilayer feedforward neural networks is put forward. This method is chosen for its ability to model possible non-linearities in the monitoring data and estimate multiple outputs. The proposed methodology is applied to the Italian case, more specifically to estimate target values for the result indicator related to enhancing performance through knowledge and innovation for 21 regional managing authorities. The related performance is then compared with that of traditional methods adopted to estimate target values. Results demonstrate the superiority of neural networks and suggest that this methodology might be used as a tool to help all Member States fulfill the key task of setting coherent and realistic targets for all result indicators.

QUANTITATIVE BIOMARKERS REPRODUCIBILITY USING GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL APPROACHES IN REDUCED TO CONVENTIONAL DOSE CT.

In recent years, several techniques for image-to-image translation by means of generative adversarial neural networks (GAN) have been proposed to learn mapping characteristics between a source and a target domain. In particular, in the medical imaging field conditional GAN frameworks with paired samples (cGAN) and unconditional cycle-consistent GANs with unpaired data (CycleGAN) have been demonstrated as a powerful scheme to model non-linear mappings that produce realistic target images from different modality sources. When proposing the usage and adaptation of these frameworks for medical image synthesis, quantitative and qualitative validation are usually performed by assessing the similarity between synthetic and target images in terms of metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE) or structural similarity (SSIM) index. However, an evaluation of clinically relevant markers showing that diagnostic information is not overlooked in the translation process is often missing. In this work, we aim at demonstrating the importance of validating medical image-to-image translation techniques by assessing their effect on the measurement of clinically relevant metrics and biomarkers. We implemented both a conditional and an unconditional approach to synthesize conventional dose chest CT scans from reduced dose CT and show that while both visually and in terms of traditional metrics the network appears to successfully minimize perceptual discrepancies, these methods are not reliable to systematically reproduce quantitative measurements of various chest biomarkers.

Recovery Curves for Patient Reported Outcomes and Physical Function After Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently used for evaluating patient satisfaction and function following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Functional measures along with chronologic modeling may help set expectations perioperatively. Our goal was to define the trajectory of recovery and function in the first year following THA. MethodsProspective data from 1,898 patients in a multicenter study was analyzed. The PROMs included the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Score for Joint Replacement and EuroQol-5 dimension. Physical activity was recorded on a wearable technology. Data was collected preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate outcomes over time. ResultsSignificant improvement occurred between preoperative and postoperative time points for all PROMs. The PROMs showed the greatest proportional recovery within the first month postoperatively, each improving by at least 1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Daily steps and flights of stairs took longer to reach at least 1 MCID (3 months and 1 year, respectively). Gait speed and walking asymmetry returned to baseline by 3 months, but did not reach a MCID of improvement by 1 year. ConclusionPatients can be counseled that the greatest proportional improvement in PROMs is within 1 month after THA, while function surpasses preoperative baselines by 3 months, and gait quality may not improve until after 1 year. This can help set realistic expectations and target interventions toward patients deviating from the norm.

Remission outcomes in severe eosinophilic asthma with mepolizumab therapy: Analysis of the REDES study.

Clinical remission as a multicomponent treatment goal in severe asthma is being explored in clinical practice. This post hoc analysis used data from the REDES study to assess the proportion of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma achieving our multicomponent definitions of clinical remission after 1 year of mepolizumab treatment. The real-world, retrospective observational REDES study enrolled patients with severe eosinophilic asthma who were newly prescribed mepolizumab and with ≥12 months of medical records pre-enrolment. Multicomponent clinical remission was defined as: oral corticosteroid (OCS)-free; exacerbation-free; asthma control test (ACT) score ≥20; and with or without post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second ≥80%. Baseline characteristics were also assessed in those who did/did not achieve clinical remission. 37% and 30% of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma met our proposed three- and four-component on-treatment clinical remission definitions; an increase from 2% and 3% at baseline. Most frequently achieved individual components of clinical remission were: OCS-free; ACT score ≥20. For patients fulfilling the multicomponent clinical remission definitions, at baseline we observed higher blood eosinophil counts, better ACT scores and lung function, lower maintenance OCS use, and a slightly lower rate of prior exacerbations versus those who did not. Clinical remission is a realistic target in clinical practice for a subset of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma receiving mepolizumab. Further studies are required to elucidate whether features linked to the underlying endotype can help predict treatment outcomes, increase rates of clinical remission, and potentially modify disease progression.

UTILIZING SERIAL SECTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO INTERROGATE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BONE INFECTION

Serial section electron microscopy (SSEM) was initially developed to map the neural connections in the brain. SSEM eventually led to the term ‘Connectomics’ to be coined to describe process of following a cell or structure through a volume of tissue. This permits the true three-dimensionality to be appreciated and relationships between cells and structures. The purpose of this study was to utilize this methodology to interrogate S. aureus infected bone.Bone samples were harvested from mice tibia infected with S. aureus and were fixed, decalcified, and osmicated. The samples were paraffin embedded and 5-micron sections were cut to identify regions of bacterial invasion into the osteocyte-lacuna-canalicular-network (OLCN). This area was cut from the paraffin block, deparaffinized, post-fixed and reprocessed into epoxy resin. Serial sections were cut at 60nm and collected onto Kapton tape utilizing the Automated Tape-collecting Ultramicrotome (ATUMtome) system. Samples were mounted onto 4” silicon wafers and post-stained with 2% uranyl acetate followed by 0.3% lead citrate and carbon coated. A ZEISS GeminiSEM 450 scanning electron microscope fitted with an electron backscatter diffusion detector was used to image the sections. The image stack was aligned and segmented using the open-source software, VASTlite.264 serial sections were imaged, representing approximately 40 × 45 × 15-micron (x, y, z) volume of tissue. 70% of the canaliculi demonstrated infiltration by S. aureus.This study demonstrates that SSEM can be applied to the skeletal system and provide a new solution to investigate the OLCN system. It is feasible that this methodology could be implemented to investigate why some canaliculi are resistant to colonization and potentially opens up a new direction for the prevention of chronic osteomyelitis. In order to make this a realistic target, automated segmentation methodologies utilizing machine learning must be developed and applied to the bone tissue datasets.

Seismic Efficiency and Seismic Moment for Small Craters on Mars Formed in the Layered Uppermost Crust

AbstractSeismic activity generated by impacts depends on impact conditions and properties of the impact site. Here, we combined mapping of the regolith thickness with numerical impact simulations to better estimate the seismic efficiency and seismic moment generated in small impact events in the uppermost crust on Mars. We used mapping of crater morphology to determine the regolith thickness that craters formed in. We found that local regolith thickness in the late Amazonian units is between 4 and 9 m. Combined with previous estimates for the NASA InSight landing site, we composed a more realistic uppermost crust analog and implemented it in numerical impact simulations. We estimated the seismic efficiency and seismic moment for small craters on Mars impacting a non‐porous or fractured bedrock overlaid by 5, 10, or 15 m thick regolith. Seismic energy showed more dependence on target properties. Three orders of magnitude more energy were produced in stronger targets. The seismic moment does not depend on target properties, and we confirm that seismic moment is almost proportional to impact momentum. The resulting seismic moment is in agreement up to a factor of 4 between different target types. We improved the scaling relationships developed from numerical simulations used in seismic moment approximations by constraining its dependence on more realistic target properties.