Realistic 3D Model Research Articles

Creating a partial 3D model in selected biological areas using a small number of photographs

Currently, we are registering a great boom in computer technology, which allows us to use ICT techniques and procedures even in those areas in which it was not common. One such area is the creation of partial or complete realistic 3D models of real bodies in biology - in our case, trees or wood. Their great advantage is that they can capture various cases of growth deformations, interesting shapes or atypical formations. Many are temporary and unstable. An example can be a wood rotting fungus. These can then be studied outside the place of their growth and at the same time preserved for future comparisons. This leads to another possibility of their use in the educational process. We must also point out that a real 3D model with preserved dimensional proportions and true colors is a much better solution for studying than a classic photograph. We use photogrammetry to create 3D models. Its great advantage is that the 3D model is created from a series of photos that capture the part of the real object from which we want to create a partial 3D model. A classic touchscreen mobile phone is enough to get these photos. However, many problems and complications are associated with the creation of 3D models. It is not always possible to get quality photos. This can be caused by e.g. height, terrain or other obstacles. To obtain the desired partial 3D model, it is ideal if several conditions are met when obtaining photos, such as overlapping photos, sharpness, color, visible texture, etc. But in real cases it is not always possible to achieve this and therefore in our contribution we focus on the subsequent processing by which we can achieve our goal - even under the aforementioned unfavorable conditions to create a 3D model.

A Survey of Algorithms Involved in the Conversion of 2-D Images to 3-D Model

Since the advent of machine learning, deep neural networks, and computer graphics, the field of 2D image to 3D model conversion has made tremendous strides. As a result, many algorithms and methods for converting 2D to 3D images have been developed, including SFM, SFS, MVS, and PIFu. Several strategies have been compared, and it was found that each has pros and cons that make it appropriate for particular applications. For instance, SFM is useful for creating realistic 3D models from a collection of pictures, whereas SFS is best for doing so from a single image. While PIFu can create extremely detailed 3D models of human figures from a single image, MVS can manage complicated situations with varied lighting and texture. The method chosen to convert 2D images to 3D ultimately depends on the demands of the application.

Concave Ferrite Core for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

High-efficiency wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can present a perfect solution for fast-charging autonomous guided vehicles (AGV) to improve working hours in high-tech warehouses. Stationary charging stations reduce separation distance, improving coupling factor and power transfer efficiency. Analysis and design of the WPT system focused on maximum power at the load with a SS compensation circuit to reach high efficiency while applying the theory of power transformers design to maximize the power handleability with the physical dimensions. The proposed concept fits small AGVs. This paper proposes a unique ferrite structure for the transmitter ferromagnetic core. This novel shape introduces horizontal angular misalignment resistance due to the transmitter’s omnidirectional concave disc ferrite core combined with an E-core ferrite at the receiver side. The proposed WPT system can output 200 W at 100 kHz. A realistic 3D model has been designed into a symmetrical equivalent to reducing complexity and computational effort. The visualization of the magnetic flux distribution demonstrated that the proposed design has a better path to flow without concentrating flux in small regions, reducing heating losses.

Biophysical modeling of the electric field magnitude and distribution induced by electrical stimulation with intracerebral electrodes

Intracranial electrodes are used clinically for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, notably in drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE) among others. Visualization and quantification of the energy delivered through such electrodes is key to understanding how the resulting electric fields modulate neuronal excitability, i.e. the ratio between excitation and inhibition. Quantifying the electric field induced by electrical stimulation in a patient-specific manner is challenging, because these electric fields depend on a number of factors: electrode trajectory with respect to folded brain anatomy, biophysical (electrical conductivity / permittivity) properties of brain tissue and stimulation parameters such as electrode contacts position and intensity. Here, we aimed to evaluate various biophysical models for characterizing the electric fields induced by electrical stimulation in DRE patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in the context of pre-surgical evaluation. This stimulation was performed with multiple-contact intracranial electrodes used in routine clinical practice. We introduced realistic 3D models of electrode geometry and trajectory in the neocortex. For the electrodes, we compared point (0D) and line (1D) sources approximations. For brain tissue, we considered three configurations of increasing complexity: a 6-layer spherical model, a toy model with a sulcus representation, replicating results from previous approaches; and went beyond the state-of-the-art by using a realistic head model geometry. Electrode geometry influenced the electric field distribution at close distances (∼3 mm) from the electrode axis. For larger distances, the volume conductor geometry and electrical conductivity dominated electric field distribution. These results are the first step towards accurate and computationally tractable patient-specific models of electric fields induced by neuromodulation and neurostimulation procedures.

A Compact Modified Two-Arm Rectangular Spiral Implantable Antenna Design for ISM Band Biosensing Applications

This paper presents a new microstrip implantable antenna (MIA) design based on the two-arm rectangular spiral (TARS) element for ISM band (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical 2.4–2.48 GHz) biotelemetric sensing applications. In the antenna design, the radiating element consists of a two-arm rectangular spiral placed on a ground-supported dielectric layer with a permittivity of ϵr = 10.2 and a metallic line surrounding this spiral. Considering the practical implementation, in the proposed TARS-MIA, a superstrate of the same material is used to prevent contact between the tissue and the metallic radiator element. The TARS-MIA has a compact size of 10 × 10 × 2.56 mm3 and is excited by a 50 Ω coaxial feed line. The impedance bandwidth of the TARS-MIA is from 2.39 to 2.51 GHz considering a 50 Ω system, and has a directional radiation pattern with directivity of 3.18 dBi. Numerical analysis of the proposed microstrip antenna design is carried out in an environment with dielectric properties of rat skin (Cole–Cole model ϵf (ω), ρ = 1050 kg/m3) via CST Microwave Studio. The proposed TARS-MIA is fabricated using Rogers 3210 laminate with dielectric permittivity of ϵr = 10.2. The in vitro input reflection coefficient measurements are realized in a rat skin-mimicking liquid reported in the literature. It is observed that the in vitro measurement and simulation results are compatible, except for some inconsistencies due to manufacturing and material tolerances. The novelty of this paper is that the proposed antenna has a unique two-armed square spiral geometry along with a compact size. Moreover, an important contribution of the paper is the consideration of the radiation performance of the proposed antenna design in a realistic homogeneous 3D rat model. Ultimately, the proposed TARS-MIA may be a good alternative for ISM-band biosensing operations with its miniature size and acceptable radiation performance compared to its counterparts.

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis in Ball Bearings Subjected to Hydrodynamic and Mixed Lubrication

The mathematical and computational modeling of the lubricated contact between bearing surfaces is presented to analyze the sliding friction using a realistic 3D model on a microscopic scale. The fluid–structure interaction model evaluates the effects of lubricant film thickness on friction in hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes. Higher contact pressures are seen at the peaks of asperities, especially during mixed lubrication, in which the fluid volume is smaller. Calculated friction coefficients from a homogenization procedure of shear and normal forces in the hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication, close to 0.0045 and 0.014, respectively, were accurate and within the range specified in the Stribeck curve. Results demonstrate the computational model allows examining the effects of lubrication on contact between rough surfaces.

Симулятор виртуальной реальности по оказанию первой медицинской помощи для использования при обучении персонала АСУП

The article considers the proposed models and methods of designing, developing and implementing a virtual reality VR simulator on first aid for training specialists of the staff management subsystem of the automated pro-duction management system. Analysis of information about the injured at work in the territory of the Russian Federation is given, according to the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. The system structure has been developed. There is proposed a new approach to creating more realistic 3D models for visualizing in virtual reality, developing clothes for 3D models of people in virtual reality in the Marvelous designer software, and a strategy for optimizing 3D models for loading them into a virtual reality application. The process of model development, types of incorrect and correct model topology, types of high-polygonal model before retopology and low-polygonal model after retopology, the process of baking a normal map in Substance Painter software and a baked normal map, a model without and with a normal map, light adjustment, texturing and baking maps, materials consisting of PBR textures and main maps Albedo, Metallic, Roughness, Normal, Ambient Occlusion, Emission maps and models with and without textures, shaders. There is considered an approach to creating clothing for a human model in ZBrush software, as well as a seam on clothing for 3D models in virtual reality. Algorithms for real-time accounting, interaction with three-dimensional models in real time, as well as an algorithm for the operation of animated objects in a virtual reality simulator have been developed. The simulator has been tested in training the staff of the Moscow state budgetary institution the Center for Innovative Technologies in Leisure and Sports “Progress” and in the professional training program for the profession Car Driver implemented by SBVEI 26KADR in 2019. The positive results of the implementation are described.

High-resolution geologic modeling and CO2 flow simulation of a realistic clastic deltaic 3D model derived from a laboratory flume tank experiment

Carbon sequestration in geologic reservoirs is a proven method for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial point sources. Subsurface deltaic deposits are attractive candidates for CO2 storage projects due to their common occurrence as host to significant hydrocarbon and hydrologic resources, and are highly prospective for subsurface storage of large volumes of CO2. This research informs subsurface passive margin deltaic reservoir characterization and fluid flow performance for geologic carbon storage. The objective of this research is to create a high-resolution geocellular digital model that honors both the large-scale stratigraphic architecture and local vertical and lateral facies heterogeneity represented in deltaic environments of deposition. We present a novel approach to reservoir model generation by utilizing a previously generated meter-scale physical flume sand tank analog experiment to represent realistic deltaic stratigraphic architectures and facies distributions. The result is an extremely high-resolution geologic model that can be used for a variety of applications, including single and multiphase fluid flow simulation. An application is presented using the example model to simulate buoyant fluid (CO2) migration and resulting saturation distribution. Results emphasize the importance of recognizing sequence stratigraphic architectures in deltaic depositional settings for predicting CO2 migration and retention (storage capacity).

Inversion of potential fields by interactive optimization of 3D subsurface models using a spring-based space warping and evolution strategy

The rapid development of dynamic data-integrative modeling of geologic processes and subsurface structures is an important factor for the sustainable utilization of natural resources. One of the current gaps in data-integrative modeling is the interactive construction of realistic 3D models of the earth’s underground. We have developed here a methodology of 3D interactive processing of potential fields — gravity and magnetics — as well as their potentials and derivatives, combining forward and inverse modeling. Forward computations are based on the approximation of geologic subsurface structures by polyhedra with triangulated surfaces. Inverse computations for the model geometry are performed by means of the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), which is proved to be efficient in the case of a strongly nonlinear problem and high-dimensional parameter space, as in potential field models. The main disadvantage is related to triangulation, as certain algorithmic constraints must be applied during the approximation of geologic body shapes. To avoid topology distortions, we use a concept of warping the space containing the model, rather than the model itself. However, the optimized lengths of grid sides are dependent on each other, which degrades the self-adaptation of the CMA-ES. The elegant solution is to introduce a system of virtual elastic springs connecting the grid nodes. We develop a numerical formulation of this system and provide a proof of the concept rather than an overview of the theoretical concepts of the inversion schemes. The new workflow is tested on the 3D SEG Advanced Modeling Program model and applied to a real case study of salt dome modeling in the Northwest German Basin. In the context of the inversion procedure described here, we determine how an interpreter can visually control and influence the quality of the inversion on a timeline.

A Pedagogical Approach Using Digitalization and Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) for a New Practice in Architecture and Archaeology

In the past years, architectural heritage was represented and described through 2D plans, sections, perspective drawings, pictures, and texts. But, in the last decades, with the development of digital tools such as 3D scanner laser and photogrammetry, new technologies have been introduced in the digital survey of architectural heritage and 3D modelling. In this regard, we noticed that students, architects, and archaeologists still do not use photogrammetry and lasergrammetry in their work. Some of them found those methods difficult and expensive. This paper aims to describe a methodology of digitizing architectural artefacts based on digital tools such as photogrammetry and lasergrammetry that allows representing realistic and accurate 3D models and then to explain the steps that lead to introducing photogrammetric model from Autodesk recap photo software in the Autodesk Revit software to have a Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) project that is useful for architectural intervention on cultural heritage using digital platform allowing multidisciplinary collaboration in architectural projects. The field of experimentation is our teaching courses with the students at the national school of architecture and urban planning in Tunisia in different sites. The student’s results are promising in the new practice of Digital Architecture and Digital Archeology and the HBIM can be a conception aid design.

Interrelated effects of chromosome size, mechanics, number, location-orientation and polar ejection force on the spindle accuracy: a 3D computational study.

The search-and-capture model of spindle assembly has been a guiding principle for understanding prometaphase for decades. The computational model presented allows one to address two questions: how rapidly the microtubule-kinetochore connections are made, and how accurate these connections are. In most previous numerical simulations, the model geometry was drastically simplified. Using the CellDynaMo computational platform, we previously introduced a geometrically and mechanically realistic 3D model of the prometaphase mitotic spindle, and used it to evaluate thermal noise and microtubule kinetics effects on the capture of a single chromosome. Here, we systematically investigate how geometry and mechanics affect a spindle assembly's speed and accuracy, including nuanced distinctions between merotelic, mero-amphitelic, and mero-syntelic chromosomes. We find that softening of the centromere spring improves accuracy for short chromosome arms, but accuracy disappears for long chromosome arms. Initial proximity of chromosomes to one spindle pole makes assembly accuracy worse, while initial chromosome orientation matters less. Chromokinesins, added onto flexible chromosome arms, allow modeling of the polar ejection force, improving a spindle assembly's accuracy for a single chromosome. However, spindle space crowding by multiple chromosomes worsens assembly accuracy. Our simulations suggest that the complex microtubule network of the early spindle is key to rapid and accurate assembly.

Efficient approaches to optimize energy consumption in 3D wireless video sensor network under the coverage and connectivity constraints

Two advanced approaches (PA_1, and PA_2) based on a realistic 3D model of video sensor nodes (VSNs) deployed randomly over a 2D target area are proposed to minimize energy consumption in the network maintaining area coverage and connectivity. The reduction of the number of active VSNs decreases energy consumption but at the same time reduces the area coverage and connectivity. These conflicting issues are resolved and an optimal solution is obtained by using an integer linear programming-based approach (PA_1). But PA_1 is not tractable for large instances as the problem is NP-Hard. Hence, a heuristic approach (PA_2) based on an advanced genetic algorithm is also proposed in the present work for obtaining a near-optimal solution. Simulation studies are carried out to compare the performance of PA_1 and PA_2 with the other three state-of-the-art approaches (APP_5, APP_6, and ET_3). Among the three existing approaches, APP_6/(ET_3) is the best in energy consumption/(area coverage). It is observed that for the same simulation environment, both PA_1 and PA_2 guarantee higher network services, by reducing energy consumption by 40.85% and 33.34% respectively compared to the best existing approach APP_6; and as well as by increasing area coverage by 0.94% than the best existing approach ET_3 for the node density 150 on the target area of size 75x75 square meter. Between PA_1 and PA_2, PA_2 generates a suboptimal solution and PA_1 substantiates its superiority by reducing energy consumption by 11.26% than PA_2 without losing area coverage for the same simulation environment.

Super-resolved SIM imaging revealed hierarchical organization of the ryanodine receptor network in 3 dimensions in rabbit sinoatrial node cells.

The heartbeat is initiated by specialized sinoatrial node cells (SANCs). The rate of the heartbeat is regulated by Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) interacting with voltage and Ca-dependent membrane ion currents in SANCs. The released Ca takes the form of localized Ca releases (LCRs) that propagate for limited distances in wave-like manner. A computational model of SANCs, previously developed in our laboratory, simulates LCR synchronization mechanism as hierarchical clustering of surface RyRs based on confocal microscopy imaging data obtained in tangential sections of SANCs. The true detailed distribution of RyR clusters in 3D, however, remains unknown. Here, we applied a series of new computational approaches to experimental data obtained by super-resolved structured illumination microscopy in rabbit SANCs, in which RyRs were labeled by specific antibodies. Our approach consists of automated segmentation of RyR clusters with globally optimal detection and segmentation of objects with constant internal intensity distribution, followed by object-based colocalization analysis in 3D. Results are further refined with watershed transformations and computational geometry. Examinations of the images have revealed a hierarchical architecture of RyR network (positions and sizes of submembrane RyR clusters). After constructing a mathematical convex hull around the cell using RyR clusters as nodes, clusters were grouped based on their volume. The distribution of RyR clusters exhibited a wide range of sizes from 0.75 × 10−3 µm3 to 0.50 µm3 and cluster histograms followed a Poisson-like distribution. These new data have been incorporated in a new, realistic 3D model of SANC, in which heterogeneous RyR clusters facilitate LCR propagation. Impairment of the complex, hierarchical structure of RyR clusters may lead to sinus node dysfunction in aging and disease.

Encoder-Decoder Architecture for 3D Seismic Inversion.

Inverting seismic data to build 3D geological structures is a challenging task due to the overwhelming amount of acquired seismic data, and the very-high computational load due to iterative numerical solutions of the wave equation, as required by industry-standard tools such as Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). For example, in an area with surface dimensions of 4.5 km × 4.5 km, hundreds of seismic shot-gather cubes are required for 3D model reconstruction, leading to Terabytes of recorded data. This paper presents a deep learning solution for the reconstruction of realistic 3D models in the presence of field noise recorded in seismic surveys. We implement and analyze a convolutional encoder-decoder architecture that efficiently processes the entire collection of hundreds of seismic shot-gather cubes. The proposed solution demonstrates that realistic 3D models can be reconstructed with a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.9143 (out of 1.0) in the presence of field noise at 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

3D DIGITALIZATION AND VISUALIZATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS WITH THE USE OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEM

Abstract. Digital technologies are increasingly being used in the field of archaeology to provide three-dimensional metric information to scholars and help them in the process of understanding and interpreting the site under investigation. Among different surveying methods certainly photogrammetry has many advantages being a low cost, reliable and fast technique, but most importantly it allows the creation of realistic and interactive 3D models that can be viewed and interpreted by a wider audience. This certainly makes the enjoyment of sites easier and makes data accessible from anywhere. This study shows three particularly significant case studies in the archaeological field where photogrammetry has served as support. These case studies are representative of specific situations in which archaeology requires digitization of artefacts. The first one concerns the Temple of Apollo in Gortyn (Crete, Greece), the second one is the ancient city of Nora (Sardinia, Italy) and the third one is the Museo Civico of Eremitani in Padua (Italy). The paper explains how 3D metric surveying has served for the representation and analysis of stratigraphic sections of buildings in the case of the Gortyn site, for the creation of virtual tours of archaeological sites in the case of Nora, and for the documentation and visualization of small artifacts in the case of the Museo Civico of Eremitani by highlighting potentials and criticalities of the method.

3D Model of Hricov Castle Enhanced by Real Textures

Abstract The authors present the law protection of cultural monuments in the Slovak Republic and the outputs of an interesting case study, more specifically the creation of a 3D model with real textures of Hricov Castle, which was created in 2019 with additional improvements done in 2022. Ruins of Hricov Castle are located in the village of Hricovske Podhradie, 15 km from Zilina. For model creation, devices obtained within the project of the Broker centre of air transport for the transfers of technology and knowledge into transport and transport infrastructure was used. The 3D model of Hricov Castle created by team leader Tomas Cesnek currently presents one of the most realistic Slovak digital 3D models created by laser scanning technology. This model will be a part of the permanent exhibition of Hricov Castle in the historical toll building from 1556 in Dolny Hricov, Slovakia, the reconstruction of which is ensured by the members The Association of Friends of Hricov Castle. Model creation methodology and the use of special textures should be used to produce more realistic laser scan 3D models.

Past, Present, and Future Applications of Ultradeep Directional Resistivity Measurements: A Case History From the Norwegian Continental Shelf

With the introduction of ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools toward the beginning of the last decade, the oil and gas industry went from real-time mapping of formation boundaries a few meters from the wellbore to tens of meters away. This innovation allowed early identification of resistivity boundaries and promoted proactive geosteering, allowing for optimization of the wellbore position. Additionally, boundaries and secondary targets that may never be intersected are mapped, allowing for improved well planning for sidetracks, multilaterals, and future wells. Modern tool design and inversion algorithms allow mapping the reservoir in 3D and exploring the sensitivity of these tools to the electromagnetic field ahead of the measure point for look-ahead resistivity. Improvements in the technology over the past decade have changed the way wellbores are planned, drilled, and completed, and reservoir models are updated. This paper presents a case study summarizing the advances in UDAR measurements and inversions over the last decade. The case study presents the whole workflow from prejob planning, service design, and execution of one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) inversion in addition to the future potential of look ahead in horizontal wells. Prewell simulations provide a guide to expected real-time tool responses in highly heterogeneous formations. This identifies how far from the wellbore 1D inversions can map major boundaries above and below the well. A fault was expected toward the toe of the well, and UDAR was used as a safeguard to avoid exiting the reservoir. Standard 1D inversion approaches are too simplistic in this complex geologic setting. Thus, 3D inversion around the wellbore and ahead of the transmitter is also explored to demonstrate the improvements this understanding can bring regarding geostopping toward the fault and reservoir understanding in general. Successful geosteering requires personnel trained to handle complex scenarios. Geosteering training simulators (GTS) could be efficient tools for training to interpret inversions where the “truth” is known from realistic 3D model scenarios. The team can learn how to best exploit UDAR technology and inversion results within its limits and not extend the interpretation beyond acceptable uncertainty levels. It will also be addressed how the understanding of inversion uncertainty could be updated in real time in the future. The continued future success of UDAR technology and 1D to 3D inversion results for look-ahead and look-around applications will depend heavily on uncertainty management of the inversions to avoid wrong decisions and potentially reduced well economy.

Ultraliser: a framework for creating multiscale, high-fidelity and geometrically realistic 3D models for in silico neuroscience.

There is crystal clear evidence on the impact of cell shape on its signaling mechanisms. Structural models can therefore be insightful to realize the function; the more realistic the structure can be, the further we get insights into the function. Creating realistic structural models from existing ones is challenging, particularly when needed for detailed subcellular simulations. We present Ultraliser, a neuroscience-dedicated framework capable of building these structural models with realistic and detailed cellular geometries that can be used for simulations.

The Influence of Sediments, Lithosphere and Upper Mantle (Anelastic) With Lateral Heterogeneity on Ocean Tide Loading and Ocean Tide Dynamics

AbstractOcean tide loading (OTL) and ocean tide dynamics (OTD) are known to be affected by Earth's internal structures, with the latter being affected by the self‐attraction and loading (SAL) potential. Combining the 3D earth models Lyon and LITHO1.0, we construct a hybrid model to quantify the coupled effect of sediments, oceanic and continental lithosphere, and anelastic upper mantle on OTL and OTD. Compared to PREM, this more realistic 3D model produces significantly larger vertical OTL displacement by up to 3.9, 2.6, and 0.1 mm for the M2, K1, and Mf OTL, respectively. Moreover, it shows a smaller vector difference of 0.1 mm and a smaller amplitude difference of 0.2 mm than PREM with OTL observations at 663 Global Navigation Satellite System stations, a confirmation of the cumulative effect due to these earth features. On the other hand, we find a resonant impact of wider extent and larger magnitude on OTD, especially for the M2 and K1 tides. Specifically, this impact is concentrated in the ranges 0–6 mm and 0–1.5 mm for M2 and K1, respectively, which is considerably larger than the impact on SAL (mostly in the ranges 0–2 mm and 0–1.0 mm, respectively). Since the effect on vertical displacement is at a similar level compared to the accuracy of modern data‐constrained ocean tide models that require correction of the geocentric tide by loading induced vertical displacements, we regard its consideration to be potentially beneficial in OTD modeling.

A Study of Interaction, Visual Canvas, and Immersion in AR Design: A DSR Approach

Augmented reality (AR) as an innovative technology has changed the way people use technology for interaction and communication. While researchers have studied the application of AR, research on AR as a communication medium remains scant. In this study, we investigate the effect of AR factors (namely, interaction, visual canvas/cues, and immersion) on AR-mediated communication. We apply design science research (DSR) guidelines to design, develop, and evaluate an AR artifact. We derive the design elements based on interactivity, media naturalness, and immersion theories and develop the AR artifact as a mobile app in an iterative manner. We evaluate the design product through the informed arguments and scenarios method, and the design process by assessing its conformance to DSR principles. We show that AR factors' design elements—interaction (user controls, contextual tasks, and ergonomics), visual canvas/cues (realistic 3D models, visual and audio cues, and aesthetics), and immersion (diverse components)—play a critical role in AR-mediated communication. Furthermore, high-quality product visuals and interactive user controls give users a good AR experience. From a practice perspective, AR app designers may incorporate the design process we used in our study and generate AR experiences that fully exploit AR media’s communication affordance. We contribute to knowledge by using DSR guidelines for designing and developing AR as a communication medium.