Realistic Goals Research Articles

Research on optimization strategy of grid carbon emission factor for promoting electricity-carbon market coupling

Abstract The grid emission factor is an essential parameter for accounting for carbon emissions caused by electricity consumption, and its update frequency and spatial accuracy affect the quality of the emission factor. Based on the existing regional grid emission factors, this study proposes an improved calculation method to get the revised emission factors. The revised emission factors can address barriers such as delayed updating, inequitable accounting between regions, and double measurement of green power emission reduction benefits. Therefore, the study can support the construction of the carbon market and the realization of carbon neutrality goals.

The development characteristics and prospect of pumped storage power station as the main energy storage facility in China under the background of double Carbon

Abstract Intending to reach the peak of carbon and carbon neutrality, to become a global consensus, and to achieve the goal of “reaching the peak of carbon emissions before 2023 and carbon neutrality before 2060”, China proposed in March 2021 to construct a new power system with new energy as its core. For the realization of the above goals, the construction of a pumped storage power station is quite important, and it is the key to the realization of green and low-carbon energy transformation and has a crucial impact on the achievement of China’s “double carbon” goal. This paper first introduces the related concepts of dual-carbon background and pumped storage power stations. Then the development dynamics of the station in a period are analyzed to obtain its characteristics, such as wide distribution, fast construction, and variety. Finally, this paper puts forward and summarizes the suggestions and prospects of pumped storage power stations for China’s new energy growth.

Faktor Ekstralinguistik Terhadap Penguasaan Kemahiran Lisan didalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

Various reforms and updates in teaching and learning have been carried out by the Ministry of education, but the mastery of oral skills among students is still not encouraging. The average study conducted found that the mastery of the Arabic language (BA) in Malaysia is still not able to achieve real goals and objectives. One of the factors affecting language skills is extralinguistics. Extralinguistics refers to linguistic situations outside the linguistic environment, such as motivation, emotion, attitude, personality, and the like, that are proven to help a student master a particular language. Therefore, this study identifies extralinguistic factors on BA Communication among Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia students in Perak. This study was conducted quantitatively at Sekolah Menengah Agama Negeri (SMAN) which offers learning to sit for the Sijil Tinggi Agama (STAM) examination in the state of Perak. Results indicated that there are five extralinguistic factors on BA Communication, namely attitude, motivation, Arabic exposure, use of BA, Communication problems and teacher encouragement. It can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between attitude factors and the use of SK among students of STAM Perak. This study implies the importance of providing a conducive and supportive learning environment to improve Arabic communication skills among STAM students. Further studies are proposed to examine in depth the factors related to the use of technology in Arabic language learning and the impact on the communication strategies of STAM students.

Setting reasonable goals for kidney transplant referral among dialysis facilities

BackgroundDetermining whether a patient is eligible for kidney transplantation is complex. In this study, we estimate what proportion of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) might have been suitable candidates for kidney transplantation but were not referred.MethodsWe identified 43,952 people initiating dialysis for kidney failure between 2012 and 2017 in the states of Georgia, North Carolina, or South Carolina from the United States Renal Data System and linked to the Early-Steps to Transplant Access Registry to obtain data on referral and waitlisting up until December 2020. We identified ‘good transplant candidates’ as those who were waitlisted within 2-years of referral, among all patients referred within 1-year of dialysis initiation. Using propensity score cut-offs, logistic regression, and area under the curve (AUC), we then estimated the proportion of individuals who may have been good transplant candidates, but were not referred.ResultsOverall, 42.6% of incident dialysis patients were referred within one year and among them, 32.9% were waitlisted within 2 years of referral. Our model had reasonably good discrimination for identifying good transplant candidates with an AUC of 0.70 (95%CI 0.69–0.71), sensitivity of 0.68 and specificity of 0.61. Overall, 25% of individuals not referred for transplant may have been ‘good’ transplant candidates. Adding these patients to the existing 18,725 referred patients would increase the proportion of incident ESKD patients being referred within one year from 42.6% to 57.2% (a ~ 14.6% increase).ConclusionsIn this study, we show that a significant proportion of potentially good transplant candidates are not being referred for transplant. A ~ 14% increase in the proportion of patients being referred from dialysis facilities is both a meaningful and realistic goal and could lead to more qualified patients being referred and subsequently waitlisted for a lifesaving transplant.

СЪЩНОСТ И ОЦЕНКА НА АГРОХРАНИТЕЛНИЯ ГАВЪРНАНС

There are intense ongoing debates about the importance and quality of agri-food governance, and these have not gone unnoticed in Bulgaria. There is no suitable Bulgarian translation for the word governance, and many inaccurate terms are used such as managing, management, leadership, directing, regulating, regime, etc. In order to accurately reveal the essence of this category and avoid misunderstandings with researchers in other fields, this article uses the term governance. It adapts the methodology of New Institutional Economics and offers a holistic framework for an adequate understanding of agri-food governance and for assessing its quality. Agri-food governance is defined as a complex system with five main components: (1) agrarian and related agents, (2) the means (rules, forms, and mechanisms) that govern agents' behavior, activities, and relationships, (3) processes and activities associated with decision-making, (4) a specific social order resulting from the governance process, and (5) the system’s performance results in relation to the realization of sustainable development goals. To assess the quality of agri-food governance, a multidimensional hierarchical system of principles, criteria, indicators, and reference values for good governance is suggested. The initial assessment of the quality of agri-food governance in Bulgaria, based on expert and statistical data, shows that it is at an average (European) level. In terms of sustainability, the quality is at a good level, while it is at a satisfactory level in terms of processes, means, and order. The Bulgarian agri-food governance strengths are in terms of equity and solidarity, in addition to a well-functioning public sector; its weaknesses are in stakeholder engagement and private sector efficiency.

Therapeutic Recommendations for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in the US

Introduction: Acne vulgaris and related sequelae negatively impact quality of life and are associated with increased rates of anxiety and depression. However, treatment of acne can be difficult due to its long time course, chronicity, and low patient adherence. While national acne guidelines have been recently updated, there is a need for practical, easy-to-use guidance for healthcare practitioners who treat patients with acne. Methods: A roundtable discussion with a panel of eight clinicians and dermatologists was held to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of acne, including appropriate pharmaceutical treatments based on clinical presentation and patient population, patient discussion points, and advice for clinicians regarding acne treatment. Results: The consensus was that successful acne treatment is contingent upon meeting three core goals: 1) correct diagnosis; 2) proper treatment regimen; and 3) patient adherence and education. 1: Acne should be diagnosed using both quantitative and qualitative assessments, taking into consideration the patient’s lived experience with acne. Quantitative assessments include acne duration; lesion type and location; inflammation; acne-related sequelae; and family history of scarring. Qualitative assessments determine how bothersome acne and/or sequelae are to patients and how much they impact quality of life. Differential diagnoses should be performed to rule out acneiform lesions, genetic disorders, infections, and certain types of medications. 2: For most patients, a combination topical treatment containing benzoyl peroxide and a retinoid and/or an antibiotic is recommended to address the multiple acne pathological processes, though sequelae and patient characteristics should be considered (eg, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color). Fixed-dose combinations are preferred to ensure proper skin coverage, simplify treatment complexity, and improve adherence. 3: For optimal outcomes, patients should be educated about their treatments and consequences of non-adherence; realistic treatment goals should be established to manage patient expectations. A patient handout on skin care best practices can be used to detail their overall skin care regimen, treatments, and subsequent visits. Conclusions: This practical guidance aims to assist clinicians in the successful diagnosis and treatment of acne as well as patient management/education.

Population-specific equations of age-related maximum handgrip force: a comprehensive review.

The measurement of handgrip force responses is important in many aspects, for example: to complement neurological assessments, to investigate the contribution of muscle mass in predicting functional outcomes, in setting realistic treatment goals, evaluating rehabilitation strategies. Normative data about handgrip force can assist the therapist in interpreting a patient's results compared with healthy individuals of the same age and gender and can serve as key decision criteria. In this context, establishing normative values of handgrip strength is crucial. Hence, the aim of the this study is to develop a tool that could be used both in rehabilitation and in the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This tool takes the form of population-specific predictive equations, which express maximum handgrip force as a function of age. In order to collect data from studies measuring maximum handgrip force, three databases were searched. The search yielded 5,058 articles. Upon the removal of duplicates, the screening of abstracts and the full-text review of potentially relevant articles, 143 publications which focussed on experimental studies on various age groups were considered as fulfilling the eligibility criteria. A comprehensive literature review produced 1,276 mean values of maximum handgrip force. A meta-analysis resulted in gender- and world region-specific (general population, USA, Europe and Asia) equations expressing maximum force as a function of age. The equations showed quantitative differences and trends in maximum handgrip force among age, gender and national groups. They also showed that values of maximum handgrip force are about 40% higher for males than for females and that age-induced decrease in force differs between males and females, with a proved 35% difference between the ages of 35 and 75. The difference was lowest for the 60-64 year olds and highest for the 18-25 year-olds. The equations also showed that differences due to region are smaller than those due to age or gender. The equations that were developed for this study can be beneficial in setting population-specific thresholds for rehabilitation programmes and workstation exposure. They can also contribute to the modification of commonly used methods for assessing musculoskeletal load and work-related risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders by scaling their limit values.

Digital economy solutions towards carbon neutrality: The critical role of energy efficiency and energy structure transformation

Reducing carbon emissions is a crucial way to achieve sustainable development. Whether the digital economy helps or makes it harder to cut emissions is a matter of debate. This paper proposes a new digital economy index based on the entropy weight method. The two-way fixed effect panel model is used to analyze the data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021. The results suggest that (1) The digital economy can significantly reduce carbon emissions. (2) Improving energy efficiency and promoting energy structure transformation are two essential mechanisms for carbon reduction in the digital economy. (3) There is heterogeneity in the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions. The digital economy significantly reduces carbon emissions from coal but does not significantly impact carbon emissions from other sources. Moreover, the emission reduction effect of the digital economy is related to regional energy endowment, intelligent manufacturing level, and industrial agglomeration level. This paper provides new empirical evidence for clarifying the relationship between the digital economy and carbon emissions and provides policy implications for promoting the realization of carbon neutrality goals.

The Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 13 in “BRICS” Countries” a Scoping Review

The essence of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, ratified by all member states of the United Nations in 2015, is encapsulated in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The present study examines the progress made in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 within the context of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), employing a business and economic perspective. The research methodology employed encompassing a comprehensive review of pertinent literature as well as a meticulous analysis of relevant documentary content. Findings from the study revealed that though businesses in BRICS countries are trying to adopt the United Nations sustainable development goal 13, But there is limited effort in Brazil in the implementation of sustainable development goal 13. In Russia most companies are committed to the implementation of united nations sustainable development goal 13, but this has been constrained by sanction and the war in Ukraine. In addition, Indian companies are fulfilling their corporate social responsibilities viewed through the United Nations sustainable development goal 13. The effort on the part of Chinese companies and the government of China in implementing the United Nations sustainable development goal 13 is commendable as various corporate social responsibility programs and public education have been implemented. In the same vein South African companies have also been seen as very active in the implementation the United Nations sustainable development goal (SDG) 13 by having very important policies built around the goal. Recommendation state that it is imperative that climate change be duly addressed within the overarching vision and objectives of the BRICS businesses as well and there should be a multi-tiered collaboration among BRICS countries to expedite the realisation of the sustainable development goals 13. Equally important harmonisation between governmental bodies, non-governmental organisations, and conscientious corporate entities can be instrumental in attaining superior outcomes regarding the sustainable development goal (SDG) 13. Future studies should include and examine more companies and additional countries in terms of overall plans for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13.

The Impact of Two-wheel Innovation Drive on China 's Carbon Emissions

The two-wheel innovation drive comprising technological innovation alongside institutional innovation serves as a crucial driving force for reducing carbon emissions and promoting the realization of dual carbon goals. Based upon the effective measurement and construction of an index system for technological innovation and institutional innovation, this paper selects panel data from 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China spanning from 2005 to 2019. Employing a two-way fixed effects model, it empirically examines the impact of the two-wheel innovation drive on carbon emissions in China. The findings indicate that the two-wheel innovation drive exerts a substantial inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, with evidence of single threshold effect. Specifically, there is a phenomenon of diminishing marginal benefits observed after reaching a certain level. Technological innovation, as well as institutional innovation, each demonstrate an negative effect on carbon emissions. Besides, regional heterogeneity in this inhibition effect is evident, with the most significant impact observed in the western region, followed by the central region, while the effect is relatively weaker in the eastern region. Additionally, this paper constructs an interaction term to examine the moderating effect, affirming that with economic development, the two-wheel innovation drive can more effectively achieve carbon emission reduction.

Gender Equity in Nigeria: A Social-Psychological Explanation of Gender Prejudice

Gender equity is a global phenomenon. One of the central aims of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to eliminate gender disparity, ensure equality and human dignity to all men and women. Promoting gender equity and equality is important part of the development strategy that seeks to empower people (both men and women), diminish poverty and improve the standard of living. However, gender inequalities have existed and still persist in most Africa countries and women are not adequately represented in many social, economic and political activities. Consequently, women particularly in Nigeria are among the most disadvantaged population group. This paper aimed at investigating gender equity, identifying forms and causes of gender prejudice in Nigeria and suggesting plausible efforts and remedies to address the intersectional gender imbalance in this country. To achieve this, the study employed the use of secondary sources data and content analysis as its method of data collection and data analysis respectively. To ameliorate gender inequalities toward realization of millennium goals, the following recommendations were put forward: the need for pragmatic and specific gender- focused policies, programmes and actions across all level of government, using multidimensional strategies in uplifting women in politics, education, administration and security outfits, creation of a special agency - equal opportunities commission under ministry of women affairs in every state to address the issue of gender imbalance and lastly ensuring adequate and sustained media campaign and consistent public sensitization on the issues of gender prejudice with a view to achieving the target of SDGs on gender equality in Nigeria.

The peculiarities of setting goals in geriatric rehabilitation

Aim. To determine the peculiarities of setting SMART goals in geriatric rehabilitation. Materials and methods. Materials of scientific publications and international guidelines on the organization of rehabilitation; methods of data analysis, systematization and generalization were used. Results. Age-related physiological changes in the body of older people combined with their own life experience and individual personality qualities require special approaches to setting goals in geriatric rehabilitation. When setting goals in geriatric rehabilitation, certain problems may arise: patients may feel that their opinion is not sufficiently taken into account, and difficulties in understanding what exactly they expect from the rehabilitation process; specialists may have doubts about the ability of older patients to formulate realistic goals; not all patients seek an active role in the goal-setting process. To solve these problems, members of the multidisciplinary team can use certain tools: the use of language that is understandable for the patient in discussions; determination of the patient’s role in setting goals; achievement of a balance between the patient’s wishes and capabilities; demarcation of goals to better achieve them. Directly, the process of setting goals can be presented as a process consisting of three stages: introduction, goal setting, summary and clarification of goals. The authors consider in detail the actions that must be performed by members of the multidisciplinary team at each stage. The use of a three-step algorithm for forming goals can help specialists better interact with the patient and better form the goals of the rehabilitation cycle. Conclusions. The article highlights the problems that arise when setting goals in geriatric rehabilitation; tools for solving these problems and a three-stage goal formation algorithm, which allows increasing the efficiency of interaction with the patient to achieve the SMART goals set have been proposed.

‘What are the most effective collaborative strategies to seamlessly integrate instrumental music and theatre in family performances?’

The aim of this research is to elaborate on the most effective collaborative strategies for seamlessly integrating instrumental music and theatre into family performances. To create context and background, this research addresses the anticipated role and dynamic evolution of instrumental music in theatre. The theoretical framework consists out of the ‘issue of narrativity’ (Meelberg, 2008c) which focusses on frame of reference influence, according to Robert Zatorre (2005), combined with insight from the models of collaboration: ‘het Kompas’ (Bremekamp et al., 2010), ‘the five dysfunctions of a team’ (Lencioni, 2002) and the ‘forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development’ (Tuckman, 1965). This research examines the methods of organizations such as Oorkaan and Het Houten, mapping the established frameworks for instrumental music and theatre. Throughout these theories the complex reality of collaborations within the characteristics of family performances (i.e. a linear progression with a cyclical feel) is systematically described and analyzed, resulting in a new conceptual model. The model was tested by conducting semi-structured interviews combined with field research. Findings were that the sharper the definition of the target group, the clearer the cooperation and the more distinctive the product. This outcome becomes a realistic goal when the direction and associated process is clear. Furthermore, the framework can be used as a tool for those wishing to enter the field of interdisciplinary collaboration between theatre and music, with a focus on family performances. It is relevant for graduates in order to achieve a successful collaboration. They need to overcome challenges at the start of their career due to lack of knowledge of each other’s discipline.

Human-greenspace interactions with outdoor air: Landscape metric and PLS-SEM approach

Air pollution poses a significant global challenge, impeding the realization of sustainable development goals, especially in urban areas. Within built environment, the intricate interplay of human and greenspace primarily influences outdoor air quality. Therefore, to facilitate effective urban planning, the study investigates their complex interactions during the wet (May to October) and dry (November to April) seasons. This research employs landscape metrics to assess greenspace configurations within various buffers around 73 in-situ air quality moniroting stations accross Taiwan. These landscape metrics, anthorpogenic variables were utilized to construct the dimension of greenspace (GS) and anthoropogenic component (AC), respectively. Recorded air quality data were used to define the dimensions of outdoor air (OADs), encompassing air temperature (TEMP), wind speed (WS), relative humidity (RH), particle pollutant (PP), gaseous pollutant (GP), and OZONE. Subsequently, Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling was employed to explore the hypothesized relationships among these eight dimensions for each buffer and season. Results show that the AC exerts a more pronounced influence on the OADs compared to the GS. The GS shows greater effectiveness in mitigating the PP than the GP, while the AC substantially amplifies the GP during the two seasons. The GS and AC exhibit contrasting effects on the TEMP, RH, and GP. The GS exclusively affects the PP, while its effects on the OZONE and WS are insignificant during both seasons. Conversely, the AC has a negligible effect on the PP, but significantly impacts the OZONE, and WS. Through the GS, the AC indirectly influences the RH, PP, and GP during the two seasons, along with the TEMP during the wet season. Notably, the seven landscape metrics are identified for the GS, providing potential indicators for urban green planning to maximize its ecosystem services.

New media as a subject of political communication

The media space is the most dynamic and rapidly developing not only technological, but also economic, cultural, social and political phenomenon of our time, and new communication channels are being formed in the global digital network. The purpose of the article is to analyze new media as a subject of the political process. The subject is new media, and the object is the cultural and political identification of an individual in new media. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that new media are an innovative and extremely important tool in determining cultural and political identity. Countries belong to the same civilization, which means that their culture is based on identical values – this is of fundamental importance, since the effectiveness of the imposed system of values and norms can be realized in a particular country only if the tasks being disseminated are consonant with the values of society. Conceptual, phenomenological and sociolinguistic analysis, the method of system analysis, and the historical and cultural method were used as methods and approaches. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: the disseminated values can be effective only if they are in tune with the civilizational model of the region, and on the contrary, the imposed foundations will not effectively affect society if they contradict its civilizational identification and cultural and political affiliation. The actions of an individual and society as a whole are determined by his self-identification, therefore, a political course can be effective in a particular country if the tasks being implemented are consonant with the values of society. This study may be useful for researchers studying communication in the digital environment, the impact of new media on the agenda, the realization of political goals through online media, as well as for international journalists, diplomats, political scientists and media researchers when writing analytical materials on topics related to the working concepts of the current study.

Challenges and Oppurtunities for Adult Education in the Digital Era: The Role of Guidance and Counseling

In the history of adult education has gone through various stages of evolution, a long history has brought the understanding that adult learning is not only about the transfer of knowledge but also involves psychological, social and cultural aspects. In the context of adult education, guidance and counseling play an important role in supporting holistic individual development. Guidance and counseling helps adults overcome challenges, set realistic goals, and develop strategies to reach potential. While the digital era presents new challenges and opportunities in the context of adult learning, literacy is not just the ability to use technology but also involves critical and creative skills in understanding and utilizing digital information. There are many positive impacts that can be enjoyed, such as efficiency and ease of access to information. The research method used is a literature review with descriptive qualitative data analysis, which aims to seek a deeper understanding of adult education, as well as digitalization and literacy. It is necessary to pay further attention to how they optimize the potential of technology in everyday life. In this way, the integration between the concepts of andragogy, digitalization, and guidance and counseling offers a holistic and integrated approach in supporting adult learning and development. By utilizing technology wisely and supported by the right guidance, individuals can optimize their potential in various aspects of life, thereby creating a society that is more skilled, competitive and digitally cultured.

Preparing Schoolchildren for the Conscious Choice of Profession

It's evident now that "Specialty selection" classes in schools are becoming a necessity. Here, the assistance of a specialist is required to make clear the goals and aptitudes and the ways of aligning them with the demands of particular professions. There should be active cooperation in the school: specialist-student-parent. A system of professional orientation ought to be in existence now, integrated into the educational process, and adjusted to reflect the labor market's ongoing changes. Those changes in the labor market reflect the emergence of new, technically complex professions attractive to young people. The learner needs to be given the chance to identify and assess his own interests and abilities, learn how to set and meet realistic goals for oneself, form and develop the decision-making skills necessary to make the transition from school to work at any level in order to make a deliberate choice of profession. The search and finding of personal interest within the selected profession, occupations, or labour is the essence of making a conscientious decision about a specialty. When selecting a profession, it is important to keep in mind one’s hobbies and interest in various things, then cross out any overlaps and try to understand what is more important in the given profession and how useful it is to the public. To achieve all this, preparatory and continuous courses are needed.

Moneyminder: An Expense Tracking Application

Abstract: In today’s fast-paced world, the ability to track regular expenses efficiently is more vital than ever to maintaining a budget. Moneyminder is a web application. This application allows user to maintain and keep a track of expenses on a daily basis. It enables individuals to categorize their spending, such as groceries, utilizes, entertainment. This method is used to split the daily expenditures. This program manages a user's daily costs based on their income, allowing them to save money. You will receive a notice if your daily spending limit is exceeded, encouraging you to limit your spending on that particular day. The money that remains after spending is added to the user's savings if they spend less than the daily cost cap. Every month at the conclusion, the program creates a report of the costs. By tracking your expense, you can understand your financial habits on a deeper level. It helps in setting realistic financial goals and provide a clear picture of financial health. Overall, this is a smart automated solution for tracking expense

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА У СФЕРІ ВИКОНАННЯ ПОКАРАНЬ В УКРАЇНІ: БЕЗПЕКОВИЙ ВИМІР

State policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension is implemented by bodies and institutions of execution of punishments of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. It is noted that the main subject of the formation of such a policy is the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Because of the fact that Ukraine is on the way to European integration, the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension should be consistent with international policy, which plays an important role in the formation and implementation of international standards for the treatment of convicts and prisoners. It has been proven that the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension, being in a close relationship with other elements of it, acts as a guarantor of the safety of convicts and personnel of institutions of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine and probation bodies as State institution «Probation Center». Our thorough analysis of the source base of the subject of research shows that domestic scientists do not pay enough attention to the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension, since this policy is considered, as a rule, by scientists, in the context of criminal law policy. Our thorough analysis of the source base of the subject of research shows that domestic scientists do not pay enough attention to the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension, since this policy is considered, as a rule, by scientists, in the context of criminal law policy. At the same time, the state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension should also affect the balance of interests of personnel and convicts during the execution/serving of punishments, which will allow to open a new vision of reforming the criminal and executive system of Ukraine and its transformation into a penitentiary system, create equal opportunities between subjects of penitentiary legal relations for the realization of a single goal: socialization, resocialization and reintegration of convicts into society after release. The opinion is substantiated that the state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension should undergo appropriate conservation, conservatism in places of imprisonment (Latin «conserve» – protect, preserve), which is one of the guarantees of its stability. In this regard, the legal meaning of the concept of state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension should be enshrined in the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, as a priority of the supremacy of the rights and legitimate interests of convicts during execution/serving of punishment. The main security dimensions of the execution of punishment in the bodies and institutions of the execution of punishments of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine were formulated, namely: legal security of convicts and staff of places of imprisonment; manifestations of subculture among convicts; violence in places of imprisonment, both among convicts and personnel and convicts; material and household support, health care, safety of convicts’ involvement in work; features of execution of punishments not related to deprivation of liberty in the occupied territories; challenges of war, etc. New approaches to the implementation of state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension are proposed. They can be implemented by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine after our victory over the aggressor state of the Russian Federation. Key words: policy, penitentiary system, execution, punishment, convict, personnel, academic staff, State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine, places of detention, security dimension, health care, legal status, rank and command staff, legitimacy, disciplinary liability, abuse of official position, correction, resocialization, material support, subculture, violence, torture.

Deceptive Path Planning via Count-Based Reinforcement Learning under Specific Time Constraint

Deceptive path planning (DPP) aims to find a path that minimizes the probability of the observer identifying the real goal of the observed before it reaches. It is important for addressing issues such as public safety, strategic path planning, and logistics route privacy protection. Existing traditional methods often rely on “dissimulation”—hiding the truth—to obscure paths while ignoring the time constraints. Building upon the theory of probabilistic goal recognition based on cost difference, we proposed a DPP method, DPP_Q, based on count-based Q-learning for solving the DPP problems in discrete path-planning domains under specific time constraints. Furthermore, to extend this method to continuous domains, we proposed a new model of probabilistic goal recognition called the Approximate Goal Recognition Model (AGRM) and verified its feasibility in discrete path-planning domains. Finally, we also proposed a DPP method based on proximal policy optimization for continuous path-planning domains under specific time constraints called DPP_PPO. DPP methods like DPP_Q and DPP_PPO are types of research that have not yet been explored in the field of path planning. Experimental results show that, in discrete domains, compared to traditional methods, DPP_Q exhibits better effectiveness in enhancing the average deceptiveness of paths. (Improved on average by 12.53% compared to traditional methods). In continuous domains, DPP_PPO shows significant advantages over random walk methods. Both DPP_Q and DPP_PPO demonstrate good applicability in path-planning domains with uncomplicated obstacles.