Real-time Temperature Monitoring Research Articles

Microsphere structure application for supercapacitor in situ temperature monitoring

Constant, real-time temperature monitoring of the supercapacitors for efficient energy usage is in high demand and seems to be crucial for further development of those elements. A fiber-optic sensor can be an effective optoelectronic device dedicated for in-situ temperature monitoring of supercapacitors. In this work, the application of the fiber-optic microstrucutre with thin zinc oxide (ZnO) coating fabricated in the atomic layer deposition process applied as a temperature sensor is reported. Such a structure was integrated with supercapacitors and used for the temperature measurements. Described sensors are built with the utility of the standard optical telecommunication fibers. The inner temperature of the supercapacitor was investigated in the range extending from 30 °C to 90 °C with a resolution equal to 5 °C. The sensitivity of temperature measurement is about 109.6 nW °C−1. The fitting of the sensor was achieved with a correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.97.

Real-time monitoring of tablet surface temperature during high-speed tableting by infrared thermal imaging

The effect of tableting speed on the surface temperature of tablets during the high-speed tablet manufacturing process was monitored using an infrared (IR) thermal imaging camera. The direct compression prescription powder was tableted using a practical rotary-tableting machine at 10, 25, and 40 rpm with a compression force of 9 kN to produce 200 mg tablets over 30 min. Subsequently, the weight and hardness of the tablets were measured to determine their pharmaceutical properties. The surface temperatures of the tablets were continuously measured using an IR camera, and the relative frequency distribution (RFD) and cumulative relative frequency distribution (CRFD) of the surface temperature of the entire tablet, compression surface, and side surface were obtained from the IR image. The IR thermal imaging parameters, such as the maximum surface temperature (Tmax), mode temperature (Tmo), increasing temperature of the tablet after tableting compression (ΔT), 50% temperature of the ΔT RFD (ΔT50%), and thermal energy parameter for tableting compression (ΔQ’) were evaluated based on the RFD and CRFD. These parameters indicated that the thermal behaviors of the top and side surfaces of the tablets were considerably different depending on the tableting speed. At a tableting speed of 10 rpm, the temperature of the top surface of the tablet was higher than that of the side surface; however, at 25 and 40 rpm, the temperature of the side surface of the tablet was higher than that of the top surface. The weight and hardness of the tablets tended to decrease with an increase in tableting time.

An optical fiber temperature sensor based on fluorescence intensity ratio used for real-time monitoring of chemical reactions

An all-optical temperature sensor based on a fluorescence intensity ratio suitable for real-time monitoring of temperature in chemical reaction processes is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor can be used for online real-time measurement of the temperature of a chemical reaction system in a small and complex environment. The sensor probe was made of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2–WO3–Na2O–ZnF2–Nb2O5 glass and combined with an all-optical sensor system using a discharge melting method. By making different Er3+/Yb3+ concentrations of glass, Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2–WO3–Na2O–ZnF2–Nb2O5 glass with the best luminescence intensity was explored, and the influence of different excitation powers on the sensing of high-power excitation light material sensing was analyzed. The thermal and optical properties of the material were analyzed, and the possibility of using it as a temperature sensor material was discussed experimentally and theoretically. The maximum temperature sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0067 K-1. Finally, it was applied in the actual chemical reaction.

Efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment for refractory chronic pain of medial knee osteoarthritis

Objective To elucidate the efficacy and safety of MRgFUS in the treatment for refractory pain derived from medial knee OA. Methods Twenty patients with medial knee OA eligible for total knee arthroplasty were included in this prospective, non-controlled study (UMIN000010193). MRgFUS treatment was provided at the site of most severe tenderness around the medial femorotibial joint of each patient under real-time monitoring of temperature. The goal temperature of the targeted bone surface was 55 °C. Numerical rating scale (NRS) worst pain scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores, EuroQol 5 dimensions index (EQ-5D) scores and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were evaluated before treatment (baseline) and at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment, respectively. Complications and adverse events were also assessed clinically and radiographically. Results Treatment response (a 50% or greater decrease in NRS score) was seen in 14 patients (14/19, 73.7%) at 12 months post-treatment. Mean NRS score rapidly decreased at 1 month after treatment and continued to decline through the following 12 months. At final follow-up, mean NRS score was 3.2 ± 1.9, significantly lower than at baseline (p = 0.0013). Mean WOMAC and EQ-5D scores also improved significantly from 1 month after treatment. Fifteen patients showed significant sustained increases in PPTs at the sites of most severe tenderness. No serious adverse events were observed during and after treatment. Conclusions MRgFUS treatments were effective not only for managing refractory pain, but also for improving physical functions without adverse events in elderly patients with medial knee OA.

Real-Time Temperature Monitoring of Photoinduced Cargo Release inside Living Cells Using Hybrid Capsules Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles and Fluorescent Nanodiamonds.

Real-time temperature monitoring within biological objects is a key fundamental issue for understanding the heating process and performing remote-controlled release of bioactive compounds upon laser irradiation. The lack of accurate thermal control significantly limits the translation of optical laser techniques into nanomedicine. Here, we design and develop hybrid (complex) carriers based on multilayered capsules combined with nanodiamonds (NV centers) as nanothermometers and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as nanoheaters to estimate an effective laser-induced temperature rise required for capsule rupture and further release of cargo molecules outside and inside cancerous (B16-F10) cells. We integrate both elements (NV centers and Au NPs) in the capsule structure using two strategies: (i) loading inside the capsule's cavity (CORE) and incorporating them inside the capsule's wall (WALL). Theoretically and experimentally, we show the highest and lowest heat release from capsule samples (CORE or WALL) under laser irradiation depending on the Au NP arrangement within the capsule. Applying NV centers, we measure the local temperature of capsule rupture inside and outside the cells, which is determined to be 128 ± 1.12 °C. Finally, the developed hybrid containers can be used to perform the photoinduced release of cargo molecules with simultaneous real-time temperature monitoring inside the cells.

Explosive Thermal Analysis Monitoring System Based on Virtual Instrument

To determine and check explosive thermal vulnerability, cook-off test and vented pipe test are general methods in experimental research. Heating temperature and internal temperature real-time monitoring are important for experimental research. Aimed at the risk of the explosive thermal analysis and the portability of field environment test instrument, potable temperature monitoring system had been developed based on NI cDAQ hardware equipment. The monitoring system uses NI cDAQ 9184, NI Compact DAQ4, NI 9214 data acquisition module to realize the acquisition of the temperature data. The data transmission module uses wireless AP. The software developed by LabVIEW8.5 realizes the development of modules with the ability of data real-time display and data storage. The system had the advantage of small size, light weight, high precision, real-time and the ability of real-time measurement of explosive temperature change in 500 m far away. It is a reliable temperature test instrument for the study of explosive thermal analysis.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COVID-19 VACCINE TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND TRACKING SYSTEM

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of real-time temperature control, monitoring, and tracking system for COVID-19 Vaccines. COVID-19 Vaccines must be stored properly from the manufacture's time until the administration's time to people. The proper vaccine maintenance during the transportation stage known as the cold chain process. An excellent temperature-controlled supply chain involves all equipment and procedures used in the transportation, storage, and handling of COVID-19 vaccines. By maintaining temperatures recommended by the vaccine manufacture, implementing best storage and handling practices, providers can ensure that patients will get the full benefit of the COVID-19 vaccines they receive. In this project, the Arduino-based controller automatically monitors and preserves the vaccine box's temperature as per the prescribed WHO (World Health Organization) standard and alarming the system if deflection in the standard range happens. The tracking system in this project implement by using another Arduino-based GPSGSM module for the vaccine suppliers or hospitals to track the exact location of the designed Vaccine box. In addition, a portable case solar battery charge design to ensure an uninterrupted power supply during transportation.

Automatic Temperature Measurement and Monitoring System for Milling Process of AA6041 Aluminum Aloy using MLX90614 Infrared Thermometer Sensor with Arduino

Manufacturing process of metal part requires real-time temperature monitoring capability to ensure high surface integrity is upheld throughout the machining process. A smart temperature measurement and monitoring system for manufacturing process of metal parts is necessary to meet quality and productivity requirements. A smart temperature measurement can be applied in machining processes of conventional, non-conventional and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Currently, an infrared fusion based thermometer Fluke Ti400 was employed for temperature measurement in a machining process. However, measured temperature in the form of data list with adjustable time range setting is not automatically linked to the computer for continuous monitoring and data analysis purposes. For this reason, a smart temperature measurement system was developed for a CNC milling operation on aluminum alloy (AA6041) using a MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor operated by Arduino. The system enables data linkages with the computer because MLX90614 is compatible and linked to Microsoft Exel via the Arduino. This paper presents a work-study on the performance of this Arduino based temperature measurement system for dry milling process application. Here, the Arduino based temperature measurement system captured the workpiece temperature during machining of Aluminum Alloy (AA6041) and data were compared with the Fluke Ti400 infrared thermometer. Measurement results from both devices showed similar accuracy level with a deviation of ± 2 oC. Hence, a smart temperature measurement system was succeesfully developed expanding the scopes of current system setup.

Distributed thermal monitoring of lithium ion batteries with optical fibre sensors

Real-time temperature monitoring of li-ion batteries is widely regarded within the both the academic literature and by the industrial community as being a fundamental requirement for the reliable and safe operation of battery systems. This is particularly evident for larger format pouch cells employed in many automotive or grid storage applications. Traditional methods of temperature measurement, such as the inclusion of individual sensors mounted at discrete locations on the surface of the cell may yield incomplete information. In this study, a novel Rayleigh scattering based optical fibre sensing technology is proposed and demonstrated to deliver a distributed, real-time and accurate measure of temperature that is suitable for use with Li-ion pouch cells. The thermal behaviour of an A5-size pouch cell is experimentally investigated over a wide range of ambient temperatures and electrical load currents, during both charge and discharge. A distributed fibre optical sensor (DFOS) is used to measure both the in-plane temperature difference across the cell surface and the movement of the hottest region of the cell during operation, where temperature difference is the difference of temperature amongst different measuring points. Significantly, the DFOS results highlight that the maximum in-plane temperature difference was found to be up to 307% higher than that measured using traditional a thermocouple approach.

Sistem Monitoring Suhu dan Kelembapan Pada Ruang Penyimpanan Roti Berbasis Internet Of Thing (IOT)

AbstractStorage is one of the security measures that aim to maintain and maintain product quality. In the bread storage room, for example, the quality of bread has been determined in the preparation of the bread dough ingredients and also the temperature and humidity of the room which must be maintained. The problem that often occurs is that the employee in charge of monitoring the room is constrained by the location of the distance between the storage room and the remote monitoring room, while data from room temperature and humidity must be reported to the monitoring officer to ensure the quality of the production material. One of the efforts to ease this problem is to build a real-time humidity and temperature monitoring system that makes it easier for employees to work in storage rooms remotely without having to come directly. One of the current technological developments is the IOT (Internet Of Things). The IOT concept can be used to make it easier for employees to monitor the temperature and humidity of storage space through web-based applications and android applications. Humidity and room temperature monitoring system application by working in accordance with the programming instruction sequence and monitoring system control using a user interface in the form of web-based applications and realtime android applications. The system application obtains temperature and humidity data from the server data which is then displayed on the interface so that it can be monitored in realtime.

Spatially selective DNA deposition on the fiber core by optically trapping an aqueous droplet and its application for ultra-compact DNA Fabry-Perot temperature sensor

We developed a new method to deposit deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) solid film selectively only on the core of an optical fiber facet with a variable thickness, by optically trapping an aqueous DNA droplet during an optimal drying process. We experimentally demonstrated an ultra-compact DNA Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) on the fiber core in a columnar shape with a diameter of ~10 μm and variable height from 2.0 to 4.5 μm. Utilizing the highly confined DNA-FPI and its unique thermo-optical properties with a large negative thermo-optical coefficient of -5.91 × 10−4/ °C at λ = 1550 nm, we realized a very large temperature sensitivity of -2.42 nm/ °C in the spectral domain and a power change of -0.43 dB/ °C in the biologically important temperature range from 30 to 80 °C. The proposed sensor also showed a fast temporal response with an average rise time of 0.62 s and fall times of 1.16 s. The proposed device structure can be readily applied in situ real-time temperature monitoring applications in microscopic environment as well as in various bio-chemical sensing.

Body Temperature-Indoor Condition Monitor and Activity Recognition by MEMS Accelerometer Based on IoT-Alert System for People in Quarantine Due to COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a virus that spreads through contact with the respiratory droplets of infected persons, so quarantine is mandatory to break the infection chain. This paper proposes a wearable device with the Internet of Things (IoT) integration for real-time monitoring of body temperature the indoor condition via an alert system to the person in quarantine. The alert is transferred when the body thermal exceeds the allowed threshold temperature. Moreover, an algorithm Repetition Spikes Counter (RSC) based on an accelerometer is employed in the role of human activity recognition to realize whether the quarantined person is doing physical exercise or not, for auto-adjustment of threshold temperature. The real-time warning and stored data analysis support the family members/doctors in following and updating the quarantined people’s body temperature behavior in the tele-distance. The experiment includes an M5stickC wearable device, a Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer, an infrared thermometer, and a digital temperature sensor equipped with the user’s wrist. The indoor temperature and humidity are measured to restrict the virus spread and supervise the room condition of the person in quarantine. The information is transferred to the cloud via Wi-Fi with Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker. The Bluetooth is integrated as an option for the data transfer from the self-isolated person to the electronic device of a family member in the case of Wi-Fi failed connection. The tested result was obtained from a student in quarantine for 14 days. The designed system successfully monitored the body temperature, exercise activity, and indoor condition of the quarantined person that handy during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Effect of Donor Heart Preservation Temperature Monitoring Technology on Primary Graft Dysfunction and Outcomes in Heart Transplantation

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cardiac tissue preservation is an essential component of heart transplantation (HTx). Recently, The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation 2020 consensus statement on donor heart procurement recommended heart preservation at a temperature greater than 4°C, ideally between 5-10°C, to avoid freezing and subsequent irreversible myocardial cell damage. Paragonix Technologies Inc. SherpaPak (SP) (Boston, MA, USA) is a novel cardiac transport system with continuous, real-time temperature monitoring which allows for users to keep the recommended temperature for the duration of transport. The effect of SP technology has not been well described in the literature. We reviewed a series of cases at our single center to analyze the impact on primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and HTx outcomes. <h3>Case Report</h3> A review of 30 HTx cases at a single center since the first use of SP (November 2019 to October 2020) was conducted. Cases numbers of SP and ice in standard cooler box were 13 (43.3 %) and 17 (56.7%), respectively. There were no significant differences in pre-HTx donor and recipient characteristics except for donor heart ischemic time (SP 217.8 ± 14.7 vs. Ice 187.9 ± 44.0 minutes, p=0.03) (Table 1). There were no significant differences in PGD rates and length of stay metrics post-HTx. <h3>Summary</h3> In our case series, although mean donor ischemic time was 30 minutes longer on SP, post HTx outcomes including PGD rates were similar compared to traditional preservation methods. Further, larger studies are warranted to understand the potential benefits of this new technology.

A Photothermal Therapy Strategy for Monitoring Real-Time Temperature in Kidney Cancers by Injecting Gold Nanorods with Phosphors.

Photothermal ablation therapy (PTA) has been widely reported; however, it is not possible to predict the internal temperature of the tumor in real time that causes ineffective treatment and normal tissue burns. Here, we have designed a photothermal therapy strategy under real-time temperature monitoring by injecting gold nanorods (AuNRs) and NaYF₄: Yb3+ /Er3+ into the tumor site where AuNRs are used for PTA of cancer cells by converting the absorbed energy into heat and using Yb3+ , Er3+-NaYF ₄ phosphors to monitor the temperature inside the tumor. Our experiments confirm the effectiveness of this strategy, which is expected to be an aid in the development of real-time temperature monitoring and effective photothermal therapy for the treatment of cancers.

Wearable Low-power Bio-signals Wireless Sensing Node Design

This paper realizes the design of wearable bio-signals multi-sensing nodes through ADS1292 series ECG acquisition chip, LMT70 IoT temperature sensing chip, MPU6050 spatial motion sensing chip and HC-06 Bluetooth transmission chip, which includes real-time monitoring of three-lead acquisition of biological ECG signals, real-time display of heart rate changes and ECG, real-time monitoring of biological body surface temperature and motion state, wireless communication of collected data. The median filtering algorithm and mathematical morphology are used to eliminate the baseline drift and the 50Hz trap to eliminate the power frequency signal interference. The design has the advantages of high common mode rejection ratio, high signal-to-noise ratio, low noise, low power consumption and low cost, which meets the needs of modern portable networked monitoring devices.

Hydrogenation efficiency promotion through manipulating temperature-raising time for multi-crystalline silicon PERC solar cells

Abstract Light injection and cooling conditions can induce some differences in the temperature-raising time of multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. Through real-time tracking and monitoring of sample surface temperature, the temperature-raising steps for achieving the optimum efficiency improvement and degradation mitigation were optimized and modified. Then the corresponding hydrogenation treatments under a high-intensity infrared LEDs source were carried out based on improved steps. The results indicated that the optimal temperature-raising time should be manipulated at around 60 s and then followed by a 2-min hydrogenation treatment. Furthermore, the temperature-raising process should keep the temperature rising continuously without interruption or temperature drop. However, excessive thermal treatment time damaged the formation of defect precursors and extended the hydrogenation time. Moreover, the Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum curves illustrated that the peak intensity of the Si–H bonds treated at the 60-s temperature-raising time was more significant than that of other temperature-raising time treatments.

Development of microcontroller-based data logger for real-time monitoring of drying and storage of food grains

Food grains are harvested at higher moisture content to avoid losses during harvesting. Temperature and relative humidity are the key control factors of drying and storage operations for maintaining and enhancing the quality of food. Real-time monitoring and management of these parameters improve the level of post-harvest processing and reduce losses. An effort has been made to develop a data logger for real-time monitoring of the drying and storage environment. It consists of different modules such as precision integrated temperature and relative humidity sensor DHT22, LCD, SD Card, motor control driver, and RTC 3231 for real-time monitoring and data recording of temperature and humidity. An open-source-based software program was developed to integrate all modules in one platform to operate sequentially. Developed data logger tested in a 0.5-tonne grain storage structure and 100 kg capacity solar-powered air-inflated dryer. The temperature of drying air ranged between 29.8 and 38.2°C compared to ambient air temperature ranging from 25.7 and 34°C. Moisture reduction from 22% to 14% (w.b.) was completed in 7.5-9 hours in the developed dryer compared to 11-12.8 hours in sun drying. Variation of temperature and humidity inside double-wall insulated silo is less as compared to the single wall and triple-layer plastic storage structure. The salient features of this developed system are costefficient, portable, robust, and fast use and perform satisfactorily under different conditions.

A 3D Thermal Field Restructuring Method for Concrete Dams Based on Real-Time Temperature Monitoring

Temperature monitoring and control is of great significance to ensure concrete quality during the construction of dam concrete. In this study, a 3D thermal field restructuring method is developed for the complex evolution process of thermal field in dam concrete during construction, based on real-time temperature monitoring. The proposed method is related to the ordinary Kriging interpolation and the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing (DTS) technology. Based on the temperature monitoring of the Wudongde (WDD) super-high arch dam, the 3D thermal field can be acquired effectively and fast by the proposed restructuring method. The results indicate the temperature difference between the temperature measured by thermometers and the restructured temperature is within 1 °C. The evolution process of the restructured 3D thermal field for the WDD arch dam is in good agreement with the site situation. In addition, the uncertainty, cons and pros of the proposed method and the optimal layout of temperature sensors are further discussed. Although the proposed thermal field restructuring method has some limitations, it is believed to be a valuable tool for acquiring the 3D thermal field and thermal gradient of dam concrete.

The relationship between epidural analgesia and intrapartum maternal fever and the consequences for maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective observational study

Aim To use continuous real-time monitoring of maternal core body temperature during labor and investigate the association between epidural analgesia, intrapartum maternal fever, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods Among 201 pregnant women attending our institution for a vaginal in-hospital delivery, 159 women received epidural analgesia and 42 women did not receive epidural analgesia. Women’s core body temperature was continuously monitored for the duration of labor using a smartphone/iPad-connected wireless thermometer positioned in an axilla. The primary outcome was a change in maternal core body temperature during labor. Among women receiving epidural analgesia, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared in women who developed an intrapartum fever and those who had no intrapartum temperature elevation. Results Of the women receiving epidural analgesia, 26.4% (n = 42/159) developed intrapartum fever ≥38 °C compared to 7.1% (n = 3/42) of women not receiving epidural analgesia. Among those receiving epidural analgesia, women who developed intrapartum fever had a significantly longer first stage of labor and a higher incidence of cesarean section, assisted vaginal delivery, intrapartum hemorrhage, and turbid amniotic fluid compared to women with no intrapartum temperature elevation. Neonates of women who developed intrapartum fever had lower 1- and 5-min Apgar scores compared to neonates of women with no intrapartum temperature elevation; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion This study used a precise and accurate method to monitor core body temperature among women receiving epidural analgesia. Results showed that the use of epidural analgesia during labor was associated with intrapartum maternal fever in all stages of labor. Fever after epidural analgesia was associated with adverse maternal outcomes, independent of neonatal complications.

Optical fiber sensor based on upconversion nanoparticles for internal temperature monitoring of Li-ion batteries

Real-time monitoring of the internal temperature of a battery with an optical fiber sensor based on β-NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles.