Real-time Statistical Analysis Research Articles

Rationale, Methodology, Implementation, and First Results of the French Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry

Introduction. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an important public health issue with an estimated incidence of 50,000 cases per year in France. Community survival rates for OHCA are still low (approximately 5%). An effective, recognized way to study, assess, and improve OHCA care is to create a standard-format database. Objective. The aim of this work is to present the French OHCA registry (RéAC). Methods. RéAC is a secure, web-based data management system that was initiated in 2009 and deployed nationally in June 2012. The main goal of this registry is to improve the care and survival rate of OHCA patients. The survey form is in compliance with the requirements of French organizations and is organized in accordance with the Utstein universal style. RéAC provides real-time statistical analyses and enables all French mobile emergency and resuscitation services (MERS) to assess and improve their professional OHCA care practices. Results. In June 2012, the RéAC was nationally opened for all French MERSs. In June 2013, 221 of a possible 320 MERS participated in the RéAC. A total of 15,944 OHCA have been collected (14,939 cases closed with follow-up monitoring). The current rate of inclusion is approximately 1,500 cases per month. Since August 2012, the inclusion rate has increased by 9.5% per month, while the participation rate has increased by 9% per month. The first results show that the population is mainly male (65.4%) and the mean age is 65 ± 19 years. On MERS arrival, 73.5% of the patients were in asystole. The rates of return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission, and 30-day survival are low (respectively 21.1%, 17.2%, 4.6%). Of those who survived 30 days, 84.0% had a good neurological recovery. Conclusions. The RéAC registry is a reliable observation tool to improve public health management of OHCA. It provides relevant information to adapt or to develop diagnosis, treatments, and prognostic resources. Moreover, it enables the development of targeted awareness programs for the unique purpose of increasing the survival rates of OHCA patients.

Real-Time Surveillance Systems in Badminton Training

The badminton sports training process surveillance system that this paper purports to build takes over modern information technical media measures to make real-time statistical analysis on the technical and tactical performance during the badminton training process for the diagnosis and evaluation on the badminton technical and tactical levels promptly; actualize online transmission and online forums to solve difficult problems arisen from training by gathering many peoples wisdom, revise and improve tactical arrangement; collect and build a database of excellent badminton players technical movements; check in real-time badminton training and live competitions.

Noncontact ultrasonic guided wave inspection of rails

This article describes a new system for high-speed and noncontact rail integrity evaluation being developed at the University of California at San Diego. A prototype using an ultrasonic air-coupled guided wave signal generation and air-coupled signal detection has been tested at the University of California at San Diego Rail Defect Farm. In addition to a real-time statistical analysis algorithm, the prototype uses a specialized filtering approach due to the inherently poor signal-to-noise ratio of the air-coupled ultrasonic measurements in rail steel. The laboratory results indicate that the prototype is able to detect internal rail defects with a high reliability. Extensions of the system are planned to add rail surface characterization to the internal rail defect detection. In addition to the description of the prototype and test results, numerical analyses of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in rails have been performed using a Local Interaction Simulation Approach algorithm and some of these results are shown. The numerical analysis has helped designing various aspects of the prototype for maximizing its sensitivity to defects.

Construction of Urban Traffic Information Service System Based on WebGIS

In order to improve utilization of traffic information, this paper introduces the construction of urban traffic information service system based on SuperMap iServer for Java. Overall structure of urban traffic information service system is designed. The system uses the remote sensing image and electronic map of Jinan as basic data and implement functions including route guidance, parking guidance, real-time traffic information and statistical analysis. The system makes advantage of the superiority of Ajax in asynchronous transmission which enhances the user's browsing experience. Efficiency of traffic flow guidance and traffic management decisions increases by the system, which greatly facilitates the daily activities of city residents. Applications show that the system is a beneficial exploration of intelligent transportation with strong practicality and versatility.

Addressing critical issues in the development of an Oncology Information System

PurposesThis paper presents the experience on the design and implementation of a user-centered Oncology Information System developed for the Medical Oncology Department at the “Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria”, in Málaga, Spain. The project focused on the aspects considered in the literature as critical factors for a successful deployment and usage of a health information system. MethodsSystem usability, adequate technology, integration of clinical routines, real-time statistical analysis of data, information confidentiality and standard protocol-based external interconnection were the key aspects considered. ResultsThe developed system is based on a web application with a modular and layered architecture accounting for usability, ease of maintenance and further system development. Evaluation of system usability was carried at three and fifteen months after system deployment to analyze the advantages/disadvantages experienced by the end-users. ConclusionsA thorough prior analysis of clinical activities and workflows, the use of the adequate technology, and the availability of data analysis tools will almost guarantee success in the deployment of an Oncology Information System.

Epidemic and intervention modelling – a scientific rationale for policy decisions? Lessons from the 2009 influenza pandemic

Outbreak analysis and mathematical modelling are crucial for planning public health responses to infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. This paper describes the data analysis and mathematical modelling undertaken during and following the 2009 influenza pandemic, especially to inform public health planning and decision-making. Soon after A(H1N1)pdm09 emerged in North America in 2009, the World Health Organization convened an informal mathematical modelling network of public health and academic experts and modelling groups. This network and other modelling groups worked with policy-makers to characterize the dynamics and impact of the pandemic and assess the effectiveness of interventions in different settings. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic. Modellers provided a quantitative framework for analysing surveillance data and for understanding the dynamics of the epidemic and the impact of interventions. However, what most often informed policy decisions on a day-to-day basis was arguably not sophisticated simulation modelling, but rather, real-time statistical analyses based on mechanistic transmission models relying on available epidemiologic and virologic data. A key lesson was that modelling cannot substitute for data; it can only make use of available data and highlight what additional data might best inform policy. Data gaps in 2009, especially from low-resource countries, made it difficult to evaluate severity, the effects of seasonal variation on transmission and the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Better communication between modellers and public health practitioners is needed to manage expectations, facilitate data sharing and interpretation and reduce inconsistency in results.

Adaptive Kalman filtering for real-time mapping of the visual field

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of real-time mapping of the visual field for clinical applications. Specifically, three aspects of this problem were considered: (1) experimental design, (2) statistical analysis, and (3) display of results. Proper experimental design is essential to achieving a successful outcome, particularly for real-time applications. A random-block experimental design was shown to have less sensitivity to measurement noise, as well as greater robustness to error in modeling of the hemodynamic impulse response function (IRF) and greater flexibility than common alternatives. In addition, random encoding of the visual field allows for the detection of voxels that are responsive to multiple, not necessarily contiguous, regions of the visual field. Due to its recursive nature, the Kalman filter is ideally suited for real-time statistical analysis of visual field mapping data. An important feature of the Kalman filter is that it can be used for nonstationary time series analysis. The capability of the Kalman filter to adapt, in real time, to abrupt changes in the baseline arising from subject motion inside the scanner and other external system disturbances is important for the success of clinical applications. The clinician needs real-time information to evaluate the success or failure of the imaging run and to decide whether to extend, modify, or terminate the run. Accordingly, the analytical software provides real-time displays of (1) brain activation maps for each stimulus segment, (2) voxel-wise spatial tuning profiles, (3) time plots of the variability of response parameters, and (4) time plots of activated volume.

Genetic markers to discriminate benign and malignant thyroid nodules with undetermined cytology in an area of borderline iodine deficiency.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) with cytologic evaluation is the most reliable tool for malignancy prediction in thyroid nodules, but cytologic diagnosis remains undetermined for 20% of nodules. We investigated the diagnostic potential of a set of 6 marker genes to distinguish benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The prospective study included 153 thyroid samples obtained by FNA of thyroid nodules from 151 patients (56 benign, 43 malignant, and 54 nodules with undetermined cytology). Gene expression was evaluated by quantitative realtime PCR and statistical analysis of data was performed. All samples were analyzed for V600E BRAF mutation. A decrease in TTF3 and HGD1 expression was observed in malignant nodules with respect to benign ones, while an increase in PLAB expression was demonstrated in these nodules. The decision model was valid for 88 of 99 cases of benign and malignant nodules, with a total of 11 false positive or negative predictions. The obtained malignant/benign phenotype prediction was also valid for 37 of 54 cases of nodules with undetermined cytology with a total of 8 false positive and 9 false negative predictions. V600E BRAF gene mutation was demonstrated in 19/43 malignant nodules, in 0/56 benign nodules, and in 1/54 undetermined nodules. The expression profiles of genes (TFF3, HGD1, and PLAB) allowed a good prediction for the differentiation of benign thyroid lesions and thyroid cancer starting from cells of FNA; however, this assay showed limitations when applied to discriminate thyroid nodules with undetermined cytology.

Noncontact Ultrasonic Guided-Wave System for Rail Inspection

The University of California, San Diego (UCSD), with an FRA Office of Research and Development grant, is developing a system for high-speed and noncontact rail defect detection. A prototype was designed and field tested with the support of Volpe National Transportation Systems Center and ENSCO, Inc. The goal of this project was to develop a rail defect detection system that provided (a) better defect detection reliability (including internal transverse head defects under shelling and vertical split heads) and (b) higher inspection speed than achievable by current rail inspection systems. This effort was also in direct response to safety recommendations issued by the National Transportation Safety Board after the disastrous train derailments at Superior, Wisconsin, in 1992 and Oneida, New York, in 2007, among others. The UCSD prototype used noncontact ultrasonic probing of the rail head (laser and air-coupled sensors), ultrasonic guided waves, and a proprietary real-time statistical analysis algorithm that maximized the sensitivity to defects while it minimized false positives. The design allowed potential inspection speeds up to 40 mph, although to date all field tests were conducted up to 15 mph. This paper (a) summarizes the latest technology development test conducted at the rail defect farm of Herzog, Inc., in Saint Joseph, Missouri, in June 2010 and (b) describes the completion of the new rail defect farm facility at the UCSD Camp Elliott Field Station with partial in-kind donations from the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway.

Lopinavir is a substrate for SLCO1A2 but 516A>C and 38T>C polymorphisms do not influence lopinavir plasma concentrations

Methods SLCO1A2 was cloned (with Kozak sequence) into pBluescriptII-KSM, flanked by the 5' and 3' X. laevis β-globin UTR and cRNA was generated by in vitro transcription. SLCO1A2 or water-injected oocytes were incubated with estrone-3-sulphate ([3H]-E3S; 1 μM; 0.33 μCi/ml; positive control) or [3H]-LPV (1 μM, 0.33 μCi/ml). Statistical analyses were performed on log transformed data by a paired t-test (n = 4 experiments with at least six replicates). Archived plasma samples were available from patients (n = 400) who had previously undergone therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). LPV peak (2–6 hr) and trough (10–14 hr) concentrations were available. The following exclusion criteria were applied; age C and 38T>C were genotyped using real-time allelic discrimination and statistical analysis was performed by Mann Whitney. Summary of results SLCO1A2-injected oocytes had significantly higher E3S accumulation compared to water-injected oocytes (0.51 ± 0.17 vs. 0.16 ± 0.04 (pmol/oocyte), p 0.05). The median (range) Ctrough for 38 TT, TC and CC were 5,023 (818–22,432), 5,778 (833– 21,945) and 3,899 (2,380–6,815) ng/mL, respectively (p > 0.05). Also, no association with peak concentrations was observed.

Publishing raw data and real time statistical analysis on e-journals

Authors of medical publications rarely provide their readers with the full raw data from their work but provide only the summarised statistical analysis. Indeed, publishing the raw data in a...

Real-Time fMRI Paradigm Control, Physiology, and Behavior Combined with Near Real-Time Statistical Analysis

This study presents an integrated approach to on-line fMRI data processing that combines real-time paradigm control and real-time MR image statistical analysis with nearly real-time integration of fMRI behavioral and physiological data. The real-time paradigms involve accurate timing control of multiple independent processing streams for stimulus presentation, physiological monitoring, behavioral response recording, and scanner synchronization. The real-time image analysis provides high resolution MR image reconstruction, head motion detection, translational motion correction, and t test statistical activation maps for either block design or single-trial based paradigms. The near real-time analysis allows physiological and behavioral data collected during a paradigm to be combined with the MR time series and provides extended data filtering and statistical processing within a few minutes after the end of the scan. This integrated approach improves fMRI reliability for both clinical and research studies.

Real time statistical analysis of random patterns withliquid crystals

Several authors have recently applied incoherent-to-coherent conversion and optical information processing, to harmonic analysis of random spatial structures (speckle interferometry [1] analysis of shadow patterns associated with stellar scintillation [2]). Spatial power spectra are obtained by adding on a single photographic plate the intensity of the diffraction patterns produced by a large number of statistically independant images recorded on a photographic film. On the other hand, incoherent-to-coherent conversion has been performed using the dynamic scattering mode in nematic liquid crystals as an image storing device [6], [7], [8]. Such a device meets the needs for a real time statistical analysis of random structures. It is shown that temporal filtering (modulation) can be combined with spatial harmonic analysis in order to obtain three dimensional power spectra W(k, ω) of evolving random structures, as a function of the wave number k and of the temporal frequency ω. An experiment has been performed in which a random distribution of light dots in uniform motion is analysed. The diffraction pattern, recorded on a photographic plate with a 2s integration time, shows clearly interference fringes out of the noise(fig. 4). The separation of adjacent fringes is proportionnal to the modulation frequency and to the inverse of the speed of motion. Application such as the continuous monitoring of the velocity of a flow or the identification of atmospheric turbulent layers from the analysis of the motion of the shadow patterns associated with stellar scintillation, can be anticipated.