Real-time Issues Research Articles

A vision system for the online quality monitoring of industrial manufacturing

The design of an image based measurement system for the online inspection of electromechanical parts is described. A two-camera architecture is introduced in order to highlight all the required details involved in the measurements. The design takes into account both the interfacing and the real-time issues that assure an effective online operation. The description of the measurement system and the corresponding installation on the production line points out a methodological approach to the design of these kinds of measurement systems. The paper provides details about the algorithms for the localization and the measurement of the required quantities, as well as the calibration procedure and the error correction. Experimental tests for the performance evaluation are presented and discussed in terms of timing and accuracy.

3LRM-3 Layer Risk Mitigation Modelling of ICT Software Development Projects

With the adoption of new technology and quality standards, the software development firms are still encountering the critical issues of risk modelling. With the changing dynamics of customer needs, potential competition has being mushrooming in the global IT markets to relay a new standard of software engineering which has higher capability of sustaining risk. However, till date, it is still theoretical to large extent from research viewpoint. Hence, this paper presents a mathematical model called as 3LRM that is designed with the simple approach keeping in mind the real-time issues of risk factors in software engineering for ICT software development project. The study has also identified requirement volatility as one of the prominent source of risk and hence, the framework intends to identify a risk as well as mitigating the risk to a large extent. The paper is illustrated with some of the simple statistical approaches of random probability.

3LRM-3 Layer Risk Mitigation Modelling of ICT Software Development Projects

With the adoption of new technology and quality standards, the software development firms are still encountering the critical issues of risk modelling. With the changing dynamics of customer needs, potential competition has being mushrooming in the global IT markets to relay a new standard of software engineering which has higher capability of sustaining risk. However, till date, it is still theoretical to large extent from research viewpoint. Hence, this paper presents a mathematical model called as 3LRM that is designed with the simple approach keeping in mind the real-time issues of risk factors in software engineering for ICT software development project. The study has also identified requirement volatility as one of the prominent source of risk and hence, the framework intends to identify a risk as well as mitigating the risk to a large extent. The paper is illustrated with some of the simple statistical approaches of random probability.

A database-centric approach for the modeling, simulation and control of cyber-physical systems in the factory of the future.

The path towards Industrie 4.0, requires that factory automation problems cope with the cyber-physical system complexity and its challenges. Some practical experiences and literature in the field testify that the role of the database management systems is becoming central for control and automation technology in the new industrial scenario. This article proposes database-centric technology and architectures that seamlessly integrate networking, artificial intelligence and real-time control issues into a unified model of computing. The proposed methodology is also viable for the development of simulation and rapid prototyping tools for smart and advanced industrial automation.

Performance Evaluation and Implementation of FPGA Based SGSF in Smart Diagnostic Applications.

The main objective of the paper is to implement Savitzky Golay Smoothing Filter (SGSF) so as to apply in pre-processing of real time smart medical diagnostic systems. As very important information of EEG and ECG waveforms lies in the peak of the signal, hence it becomes absolutely necessary to filter noise and artifacts from the signal. The implemented filter should be able to reject the noise efficiently along with the least distortion from the original signal. The shape preserving characteristics of the filter are determined by introducing different noise levels in the signal. The designed filter is tested on synthetic signals of EEG and ECG by adding different types of noise and the performance is analysed on various parameters, i.e., SNR, SSNR, SNRI, MSE, COR and signal distortion of the final output. The smoothing performance comparison of SGSF with the most commonly used Moving Average Filter (MAF) proves that SGSF is more efficient. Hence it is suggested that MAF can be replaced by SGSF. For real time issues, it is further implemented on reconfigurable architectures so as to achieve high speed, low cost, low power consumption and less area. Therefore SGSF is realized on FPGA platform to combine the advantages of both. Real time EEG and ECG signals are also considered for experimentation. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology (FPGA-SGSF) significantly reduces the processing time and preserves the actual features of the signal.

웹 미디어 기반 실시간 국방 이슈 탐지 및 그룹핑

Because mass of activity records of individuals and organizations are accumulated in the digital space and amount of information is also increasing exponentially, the most urgent requirements of users is the tool for `efficient` acquisition of `useful` information. This paper try digital convergence to combine a domain specific technology with real time issue detection and grouping based on Web media. To derive core functionalities, we collect and analyze user requirements of national defense issue detection services. By utilizing linguistic resources specialized on national defence area and discovering features for measuring issue importance, we try to seek differentiation domain specific issue detection method. Finally we compare our detection results based on the development outputs of prototype.

Generalised approach for predictive control with common‐mode voltage mitigation in multilevel diode‐clamped converters

This study proposes a generalised approach based on model predictive strategy for the current control, dc-link capacitor voltages balancing, switching frequency reduction and common-mode voltage mitigation in multilevel diode-clamped converters. A generalised discrete-time model of the converters is presented, where all the control objectives are formulated in terms of the switching states. The control goals are expressed as a cost function, and with the help of suitable weighting factors these goals are met simultaneously. The cost function minimisation is used as criteria for choosing the best switching state which would be applied to the converter during next sampling interval. The real-time digital control issues such as computational burden and delay compensation are also discussed. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulations in three- to six-level converters, and by experiments in three- and four-level converters.

Real-time control for CPS of digital airplane assembly with robust H-infinity theory

This study introduces a real-time controller design method under the effects of network time delay and external disturbance. The study first introduces the digital, virtual, intelligent trend of airplane assembly and reveals the status and problems of digital airplane assembly studies. The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) structure is then proposed for digital airplane assembly, and the real-time control issues are discussed. Then, the question of realtime control undertaken by a parallel robot is simplified to a control question with bounded time delay and complex interference, and a mathematical description is presented. Next, a robust H∞ controller with a disturbance degree of decay γ is designed according to the mathematical description. Finally, a simulation is conducted. All of the experiment results show the feasibility of the above proposed methods.

Credit Risk Scoring with Bayesian Network Models

This paper proposes a Bayesian network model to address censoring, class imbalance and real-time implementation issues in credit risk scoring. It shows that the Bayesian network model performs well...

Transformation process of RTS scheduling analysis requirements from UML/MARTE to dynamic priority time Petri Nets

The real-time system (RTS) design is a major challenge due to the complexity of the considered application and the appearance of multiprocessor architectures. Most of the research in this area is interested in high abstraction level methods to decrease the design convolution. In particular, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) profiles and the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) aim at being an adequate solution to support the whole life cycle of RTS design with its real-time constraints and performance issues. Based on MDE and the Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems (MARTE) profile, the present manuscript proposes an interactive partitioning scheduling of RTS running on multiprocessor architecture. A special attention is paid to the scheduling analysis step to accelerate the exploration of HW/SW space solution. Starting from a candidate solution modeled with UML activity and annotated with MARTE stereotypes, a mapping process to dynamic priority time Petri Nets (dPTPN) was defined. The considered dPTPN is able to prove the schedulability or provide a counterexample to determine the partitions causes of temporal fault. This counterexample presents a useful feedback to the HW/SW space solution explorer in the aim to exclude all solution containing the described partitions.

Comparative Analysis of Dielectric-Modulated FET and TFET-Based Biosensor

An extensive study is presented to describe the impact of partial hybridization on the device electrostatics and on current of a silicon dielectric-modulated tunnel field effect transistor (DM-TFET). To gain insight into the various design considerations and factors influencing the sensitivity, both process-related issue such as cavity length variation and real-time issues related to biomolecules behavior such as partial hybridization, charge, and position of receptors/target molecules have been investigated through extensive numerical simulations. The results indicate that TFET-based sensor does not suffer from scaling issues and thus can help in miniaturization without compromising the sensitivity, unlike a nanogap-embedded DM-FET.

A real-time computer vision-based platform for fabric inspection part 2: platform design and real-time implementation

In practice, off-line fabric defect detection is a real-time inspection process, requiring both inspection system and detection algorithms capable of high real-time performance. This paper presents a computer vision-based platform for the fabric’s visual quality assurance. The proposed platform is composed of four subsystems including: fabric drive, illumination and imaging, image acquisition and processing and human–computer interaction. The design of high-performance embedded system based on FPGA + DSP architecture is presented and discussed. After that, an extensive discussion on system settings, real-time implementation issues are presented. Finally, a real-time inspection experiment on 160-m real-world fabrics with 11 defect types is conducted. The experiment results show the proposed platform exhibits a good real-time response, and can achieve an overall 89% detection rate with a low false alarm at a speed of 30 m/min.

Ranking of services for reliability estimation of SOA system using fuzzy multicriteria analysis with similarity-based approach

Many approaches are available for finding the reliability of service-oriented architecture (SOA). Here some mathematical works are used to estimate the system reliability. But in present, reliability is real time issue. So, the estimation of system reliability is a very difficult task. For this we have to discuss soft computing technique that is multi-criteria decision making method. This approach is used to provide the rank for each alternative service to select the best service for estimation. In this paper, we have used fuzzy multicriteria analysis with similarity based approach for reliability estimation. Also, we propose some factors that affect the SOA reliability. These factors work as criterion and we have taken three services as alternative.

The capital markets

The purpose of this paper is to first introduce what capital markets are and then break them down between primary and secondary markets. Secondly, we will explore and differentiate between money markets and capital markets, which together make up the financial market. The first part of the paper is designed to give a sound understanding of the capital markets, so that the latter part of the paper can explore real-time issues within the capital markets. After exploring what the capital markets look like, we will delve into what a perfect capital market would look like in theory then use that framework to explore market imperfections. In the real world, the capital markets are not perfect, so it is important to explore what the implications for an imperfect market are.

임펄스 측정잡음에 강인한 저가형 볼앤빔 시스템의 접촉식 볼 추적센서 개발

This paper proposes a new contact type ball tracking sensor to improve the control performance of a low cost ball-and-beam system. It is well-known that the impulsive measurement noise contained in ball position measurement is one of the factors which severely degrades the ball-and-beam control performance. The impulsive ball position measurement noises often appear under the sporadical ball floating on the beam. This fact motivates us to devise a simple analog preprocessing circuit to determine whether the ball loses the contact or not. Once the abnormal ball position measurement is detected, the design problem of the ball tracking sensor can be cast into the typical state estimation problem with missing data. In order to tackle the real-time implementation issue, a steady-state Kalman filter is applied to the problem. Through the experimental results, the usefulness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated.

Motion-tracked Speed Dialing for Smartphones

The use of a smartphone with one hand has been getting difficult as the size of the smartphone display gets larger. In addition, people handicapped or using one hand for handling other pieces may encounter difficulties to touch exact numbers for calling with their smartphones. Thus, motion-tracked speed dialing can be a good solution for these cases and also an advanced feature applicable in the future network not requiring dedicated Internet connections. The previous study on this feature showed a result with a limitation of using servers connected via Internet connections for solving real-time control issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a scheme for the smartphone dialing on motion-tracked numbers without any servers or Internet connections, and presents the details of its implementation and results.

Nanosensors for regenerative medicine.

Assessing biodistribution, fate, and function of implanted therapeutic cells in preclinical animal experiments is critical to realize safe, effective and efficient treatments for subsequent implementation within the clinic. Currently, tissue histology, the most prevalent analytical technique to meet this need, is limited by end-point analysis, high cost and long preparation time. Moreover, it is disadvantaged by an inability to monitor in real-time, qualitative interpretation and ethical issues arising from animal sacrifice. While genetic engineering techniques allow cells to express molecules with detectable signals (e.g., fluorescence, luminescence, T1 (spin-lattice)/T2 (spin-spin) contrast in magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide), concerns arise regarding technical complexity, high-cost of genetic manipulation, as well as mutagenic cell dysfunction. Alternatively, cells can be labeled using nanoparticle-sensors-nanosensors that emit signals to identify cell location, status and function in a simple, cost-effective, and non-genetic manner. This review article provides the definition, classification, evolution, and applications of nanosensor technology and focuses on how they can be utilized in regenerative medicine. Several examples of direct applications include: (1) monitoring post-transplantation cell behavior, (2) revealing host response following foreign biomaterial implantation, and (3) optimization of cell bioprocess operating conditions. Incorporating nanosensors is expected to expedite the development of cell-based regenerative medicine therapeutics.

Time Slots Allocating and Multicycle Scheduling in IWSN for Narrow Process Automation

Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) have become a viable solution for diverse application. However, commercial products and real-world deployments of IWSNs are faced with harsh reliability, real time, and predictability issues. The problem is more challenging in the narrow process industry. A novel two-tier wireless network consisting of subnetworks (FNs) and a backbone (BN) in the field is proposed in this paper. Along exploring time and frequency diversity, we present an optional polling slots allocation method in the FN to maximize communication reliability and integrity. Since time slots are scarce in the communication network for narrow process, we design a slot-reuse strategy with time slots consumption of [Formula: see text] to construct a N-hop multipath BN without violating industrial standard. Furthermore, a multicycle scheduling strategy for polling and convergecast is presented to reduce the workload over the BN. Performance analysis and simulations show that our solution outperforms traditional ones in terms of communication reliability and integrity.

A Fault Location Method in Distribution Network Based on Firefly Algorithm

In the distribution network fault location, the impact of information distortion needs to be to focus on, especially when the short-circuit current is used as the fault information. Considering the distortion or failure of real-time information and other issues, the quick location method of the failure point in distribution network is analyzed. Based on the mathematical model of distribution network fault location, firefly algorithm is applied. According to the characteristics of fault location objective function in distribution network, convergence criterion is proposed, which is suitable for fault location mathematical model.

Advanced Vehicle Safety and Content Distribution System

Advanced vehicle content distribution system (ACDS)is complemented by improved network connectivity with Mobile Network 3G, 4G network. Advanced content distribution system uses Access Points deployed along roadside. APs co-ordinate and collaborate to distribute content to vehicles in mobility. The infrastructure of deployed APs solves real time issues like predicting errors in movement, limited information shared to vehicles on movement due to limited resources. The advances vehicle content distribution system structures APs in to form a map which is considering the vehicle contact pattern which is analyzed by APs. The system is more effective by optimizing the network consumption by sharing prefectched data between APs. The process depends on APs storage, bandwidth and load on the origin APs which is connected to internet. With the features Advanced System to distribute the content the system takes care of improving road safety, delivery accuracy and important content distribution.