Real-time Communication Technology Research Articles

1783. Implementation of New Strategy for Real-time Antimicrobial Stewardship (ASP) in a Secondary Healthcare Hospital, in Mexico City

BackgroundReal-time antimicrobial stewardship programs are associated with improved time to optimal an effective therapies and decreased unnecessary antimicrobial use. However, these programs are often expensive and need special hardware or software for their implementation. Real-time communication technologies based on smartphones and texting media applications have not been used previously as a tool that emulates these clinical decision support programs (CDSP). We evaluated the clinical impact of implementing this technologies as fundamental part of an ASP in a Secondary Healthcare Hospital. Preauthorization, prospective audit, and feedback interventions were combined into a texting media group alert, composed by infectious diseases physicians, pharmacists, microbiologist and epidemiology department, which evaluated and decided the best treatment option in a real-time period consisting of 2 hours for each patient. Preauthorization rules included carbapenems, glycopeptides, quinolones, clindamycin, Linezolid, and amphotericin.MethodsWe conducted an observational and descriptive study for the total number of interventions in a 3-year period. Data collection included hospital service for application, authorization or restriction, consumption in terms of defined daily dose, economic outcomes, nosocomial bacteria’s resistance patterns, and overall mortality rates.ResultsA total of 8,004 interventions were carried out; only 7.7% (636) were unanswered within the 2 hour period. Emergency department (34.35%) and Internal Medicine (24.6%) were the most monitored services. The most restricted ones were Surgery and Intensive Care Unit with at least 25% of prescriptions. The most restricted antibiotics were piperacillin/tazobactam, clindamycin and quinolones, restraining up to 80%. Saving cost represents US$130,000.00 for colisitin and US$64,800.00 for carbapenems. The isolates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii resistant decreased by 75% and the overall mortality rate for nosocomial infections, were not increased.ConclusionThis is the first report in Mexico of an ASP that incorporates mobile phone technology as a part of real-time surveillance program that emulates CDSP and allows to know in detail the correct use of antibiotics, saving costs and decreasing bacterial resistancesDisclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Biometrics-Based RSA Cryptosystem for Securing Real-Time Communication

Real-time online communication technology has become increasingly important in modern business applications. It allows people to easily connect with business partners over the Internet through the camera lens on digital devices. However, despite the fact that users can identify and confirm the identity of the person in front of the camera, they cannot verify the authenticity of messages between communication partners. It is because the tunnel for the video is not the same as the tunnel that delivers the messages. To protect confidential messages, it is essential to establish a secure communication channel between users. This paper proposes a biometrics-based RSA cryptosystem to secure real-time communication in business. The idea put forward is to generate a cryptographic public key based on a user’s biometric information without using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and establish a secured channel in a public network. In such a way, the key must be verified with the user’s biometrics online. Since the key is derived from the user’s biometrics, it is strongly user-dependent and works well to convince others of the authenticity of the owner. Additionally, the derived biometric key is self-certified with the user’s biometrics, which means the cost of certificate storage, delivery and revocation can be significantly reduced.

On Formal Modeling and Validation of Signaling Protocols for Web Real-Time Communications using SDL

WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is a Web real-time audio and video communication technology, which is natively supported by the browser and is not dependent on third-party plug-ins. In order to establish a WebRTC session, there is a need for a signaling protocol to help different parties to agree on parameters such as codecs, types of media, transport addresses, etc. The paper presents a formal model and validation for a complete signaling exchange between two WebRTC communicating browsers. The formal model is built using SDL (Specification and Description Language) to describe the structure, the data, and the behaviour of the system, while the validation of the resulting model is done using the reachability analysis technique. The ultimate objective of the validation is to show that the system model is free of design errors so that it can be analyzed first and then used to generate code automatically for WebRTC solutions.

Submodular Optimization for Voltage Control

Voltage instability occurs when a power system is unable to meet the reactive power demand, and is typically corrected by switching on additional reactive power devices such as capacitor banks. Real-time monitoring and communication technologies can potentially improve voltage stability by enabling the rapid detection of low voltages and the implementation of corrective actions. These corrective actions, however, will only be effective in restoring stability if they are chosen in a timely, scalable manner. In this paper, we propose a submodular optimization approach for designing a control strategy that prevents voltage instability. Our key insight is that the voltage deviation from the desired level is a supermodular function of the set of reactive power injections that are employed, leading to computationally efficient control algorithms for stabilization with provable optimality guarantees. This submodular control framework is tested on the IEEE 300-bus transmission system.

IoT-Based Library Automation & Monitoring system: Developing an Implementation framework

En la actualidad, las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) y asuntos relacionados, tales como el Internet de las Cosas (IoT, por sus siglas en inglés), tiene una influencia decisiva en todos los aspectos de la vida humana. IoT como fenómeno dominante es la transformación de la vida diaria mediante el uso de las funciones inteligentes como la de Identificación por Radio Frecuencia (RFID, por sus siglas en inglés) y las Redes de Tecnología de Sensores Inalámbricos (WSN, por sus siglas en inglés). Conforme el IoT avanza, se amplía en tamaño y dimensiones, mejorando muchos de los contextos de la sociedad; tales como, el sistema tradicional de biblioteca. Esta investigación propone un marco de ejecución sobre el empleo del IoT con el fin de renovar la estructura y esquema convencional de las bibliotecas a sistemas inteligentes en línea. El IoT permite la conectividad en tiempo real de un objeto físico (como un libro o cualquier otro tipo de texto) mediante el uso de las etiquetas RFID y sensores diminutos. El monitoreo continuo de los libros en tiempo real y la localización de objetos de manera geográfica son algunas de las características que se derivan del uso de las etiquetas de IoT. Estas características de IoT permiten la implementación de una línea de bibliotecas por medio de una cadena de suministros, la integración con diferentes tipos de tecnologías como la base de datos, la recopilación de datos y sistemas en la nube. El Internet de las Cosas también ofrece una panorámica de la vinculación entre el gran número de universidades y bibliotecas en el mundo en tiempo real, todo el tiempo. Se concluye que el implementar el IoT en sistemas de gestión de bibliotecas sería una estructura prometedora que puede jugar un papel vital en la organización de conocimientos del ser humano y en el acceso a informaciones para ayudar a investigadores, diseñadores y administradores en una manera más eficiente e inteligente.

Real-time communication for Kinect-based telerehabilitation

As chronic diseases and demographic changes alter the trends in world population, more pressure is put on health management to deal efficiently with a new scenario of longer life expectancy and chronic disabilities. Advances in telecommunication technology and miniaturization of sensors in combination with medical information technology provide a viable solution to reduce healthcare costs and deliver remote medical services through connected devices. Although remote consultation via video-conferencing has been well established, many of the chronic or long-term musculoskeletal conditions require pro-active management and therapy. There is a need to develop more advanced interactive telerehabilitation systems that support real-time remote delivery of physical therapy sessions into patients’ homes. In this paper, we introduce KinectRTC, an innovative framework that can be used for Kinect-based telerehabilitation with efficient real-time transmission of video, audio, depth, and skeletal data. By taking advantage of the Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) technology, the proposed framework is able to manage video and audio streams based on the state of the network and the available bandwidth to guarantee the real-time performance of the communication.

Smart Home Design for the Elderly Living Alone with VR Technology

According to the status of the elderly population in the city and their solitary mode, compromising the merits of the virtual reality technology and pattern recognition system in the Smart Home system, integrating sensing technology, digital signal processor control technology real-time data communication technology, so as to realize the human-machine interface in the combination of virtual scene and real home environment and a Smart Home system based on virtual reality for elderly use. The system not only provides the elderly audio visual entertainments and indoor exercise experience, but also enhances more intelligent, interactive innovation system design to meet the needs of the elderly living alone on health and security.

Evaluation of the FreeStyle Precision Pro Blood Glucose and β-Ketone Monitoring System

FreeStyle Precision Pro system is designed to meet the need of blood glucose and β-ketone monitoring in the challenging hospital environment. It uses real-time wireless communication and 2-dimensional barcode technology to safeguard the integrity of the testing process. The embedded new autocorrection algorithm delivers accurate measurement results in testing with samples from a wide range of blood sources and sample conditions. The various features and technologies of FreeStyle Precision Pro are discussed. Clinical and laboratory performance results are summarized to demonstrate that the accuracy of the FreeStyle Precision Pro system tested with different blood sample types meets accuracy criteria used to evaluate blood glucose monitoring systems.

Visual analogue scales (VAS): Measuring instruments for the documentation of symptoms and therapy monitoring in cases of allergic rhinitis in everyday health care: Position Paper of the German Society of Allergology (AeDA) and the German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), ENT Section, in collaboration with the working group on Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine of the German

BackroundVisual analogue scales (VAS) are psychometric measuring instruments designed to document the characteristics of disease-related symptom severity in individual patients and use this to achieve a rapid (statistically measurable and reproducible) classification of symptom severity and disease control. VAS can also be used in routine patient history taking and to monitor the course of a chronic disease such as allergic rhinitis (AR). More specifically, the VAS has been used to assess effectiveness of AR therapy in real life, both in intermittent and persistent disease.MethodsThis position paper takes a detailed look at the historical development of VAS and its method-specific principles. Particular focus is put on aspects of practical application in daily routine and on a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods.ResultsVAS are well validated for the measurement of AR symptoms and correlate well with the ARIA (allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma) severity classification and also correlated well with rTNSS and RQLQ. Moreover, several treatment studies on AR have used VAS as an evaluation parameter. Thanks to the use of new (real-life and real-time) communication technologies, such as smartphone apps, Discussion: VAS can be used relatively simply and highly effectively to assess disease control. The VAS lends itself very well to digitization and has now been incorporated into a smartphone app (called Allergy Diary) to assess AR control and direct treatment decisions as part of an AR clinical decision support system (CDSS). MASK Rhinitis has developed this app, which is currently available in 15 different languages.

Online assessment in medical education-current trends and future directions.

Online assessment in medical education-current trends and future directions.

Understanding the Antecedents and Consequences of Live Chat Use in Electronic Markets

Online shopping has progressed from having consumers passively browse through the webpages of online stores to having them proactively engage in communication dialogues with the sellers themselves via live chat. Modern-day consumers can now directly contact online sellers and inquire about the products they intend to purchase through the live chat medium available in the webpages of online stores, such as Taobao.com. In this study, the conceptual framework of motivation, opportunity, and ability was extended to understand the antecedents of using live chat and to lengthen such an understanding on one’s eventual intention to transact on the website from the trust-oriented perspective. A total of 222 online consumers of Taobao.com were surveyed, and their responses validated the proposed conceptual model and confirmed the research hypotheses. Results of the investigation indicated that perceived information asymmetry and fears of seller opportunism, encapsulated under motivation dimension, and perceived personal expertise, which manifests ability dimension, significantly influence the use of live chat by consumers. The results further demonstrated that live chat use positively affects the perceived interactivity of consumers, thereby increasing their intention to transact. The influence of live chat use on the perceived interactivity of consumers and its effect on one’s intention to transact online are negatively moderated by the trust of consumers in a seller. The findings contribute to our understanding communication services for e-commerce in general and to the realization of real-time communication technology in particular.

Review on Real-Time Communications Technology in Web Application

As Web2.0 rapidly develops, B/S structure is increasingly used in applications. Many applications require higher conditions in being real-time. However, due to the limit of applying in communication modes of the B/S structure [1], B/S structure can’t meet the requirement. To solve the problem, solutions have emerged incessantly. This thesis first analyzes the reason of the problem, and tries to review existing solutions. Then performance, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and summarized subsequently. This thesis mainly introduces the WebSocket protocol of HTML5 standard, and also compares it with polling’s performance. Finally, this thesis discusses the choices of push technology in concrete applications.

Special issue on convergence of real-time 3D imaging and optical communications

With the fast developments in electronics industry and the amazing growing of the community of potential customers, multimedia are increasingly ubiquitous: an increasing number of people are faced with a life in a world accompanied by Internet pop-ups and streaming television, mobile phone texting and video clips and pod-casting. Rapid advancements in computer graphics, imaging, multimedia service and game technologies determine the influence and impact of digital images on modern society tremendously, and image processing and computer graphics are now a key component in science and technology. Image processing has become such an essential component in contemporary science and technology that many tasks would not be conceivable without it. The rapid progress in handling digital images by computer or human, and the associated developments in related analysis methods, has propelled computer vision into one of the most important sub-fields in scientific imaging. It is a truly interdisciplinary subject that draws from synergistic developments involving many disciplines and is used in computer graphics, computer vision, computer art and many other fields. This special issue is intended to foster the dissemination of state-of-the-art research in the area of ‘‘Convergence of Real-Time 3D Imaging and Optical Communications’’ that can fulfill the anytime and anywhere access expectations of the consumers. Original research articles are solicited in all aspects of Real-Time 3D Imaging and Optical Communication technologies including emerging trends and applications, theoretical studies, and experimental prototypes. This special issue consists of seven papers addressed in this guest editorial by brief summaries. The first paper entitled ‘‘Analyzing Repetitive Action in Game based on Sequence Pattern Matching’’ by S. Kim et al. presents a log-based usability evaluation system to analyze user behavior in a gaming environment. They explore the potential of input log data for automated usability evaluation and visualization of player behavior in a game. They traced the keyboard input value and mouse movement of users involving a sequence data-mining technique in a gaming environment. Additionally, they constructed 3D body meshes for behavior analysis using Kinect interface and visualized the data obtained by tracing and automatic searching of repetitive patterns in the game for further analysis. Especially, this can be applied to bot detection and player identification in online gaming because the approach proposes measuring the distribution of frequent patterns by the mutual information between the distributions being observed for certain players. The second paper entitled in this issue ‘‘Development of a Virtual Aquarium System Interacting with a Smart Device’’ by Y. Seo et al. proposes an interactive virtual aquarium system that interacts with a smart device as a control interface. They developed a virtual aquarium graphic system having a remote interaction application of a smart device and performed an experiment that demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed S. Seo (&) Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Korea e-mail: shseo75@gmail.com

Evaluation of Communication Architectures for Switched Real-Time Ethernet

Safety-critical distributed real-time applications operating with strict temporal constraints rely on deterministic networks with low latency and jitter. Traditional fieldbus systems deliver these guarantees, but they have limited compatibility with open infrastructures and limited support for high transmission rates. Ethernet technology rises as a low-cost, high-speed, and ubiquitous alternative to fieldbus systems; however, standard Ethernet requires special arbitration mechanisms to support real-time traffic because of the standard's inherent nondeterministic behavior. This work explores the associated tradeoffs for three different solutions for real-time communication over switched Ethernet. The paper presents and discusses three architectures that modify different network components, enhancing them with additional customized modules to support time-triggered communication based on Network Code. Using the NetFPGA platform as the unified prototyping technology for all the components, we developed an open-source framework to characterize each solution using experimental data for the latency, jitter, throughput, robustness, and cost in logical resources. The results provide insights to help future developers of real-time communication technology decide which components to modify according to the requirements of their applications.

Fault Line Selection and Section Location of Distribution Network Based on S-Transform and Zero-Sequence Reactive Power

An approach of fault line selection and section location based on S-Transform transient energy integrated with zero-sequence reactive direction is proposed. Fault information of zero-sequence currents collected by each feeder terminal unit (FTU) were uploaded to the main station on the use of real-time communication technologies,and then the main station take analysis for the whole network fault information, using S-transform to obtain the main characteristic frequency of the signal, then compare the transient energy and zero-sequence reactive direction of each feeder line of the frequency to achieve fault line selection. According to the difference of waveform in front and back of the fault point in the fault line,using this above method to realize section location. The simulations and analysis demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of this approach , and its not affected by fault close angle, noise and other factors.

An mHealth Monitoring System for Telemedicine Based on WebSocket Wireless Communication

The telemedicine system is a new medical monitoring model which uses sensor communication technology, computer information technology and modern medical technology. This paper, based on real-time web communication technology HTML5-WebSocket, describes the development of a scalable, real-time, multi-parameter, remote monitoring system. The system consists of sensors, mobile front control side, and a module-based remote monitoring platform. It has a variety of network functions, such as transmission of multiple physiological parameters, search, and export. In addition, the system provides real-time monitoring, data review, waveform check, and real-time doctor-patient communication. Since no additional software needs to be installed at the client, maintenance cost is reduced while the versatility is enhanced.

Virtual Product Development in University-Enterprise Partnership

Development teams involved in product development are often geographically and temporally distributed, and there is a high level of outsourcing in product development efforts. Enterprises give rise to a special type of virtual enterprise, in which each company maintains the greatest flexibility and business independence. This paper presents a vision of next generation engineering working environments and describes a core information technology on which future systems can be built. Cooperative processes are not the automatic results of implementing collaborative, real-time communication technologies, but the result of a carefully designed and systematically maintained virtual team development plan. This paper discusses the critical issues of the virtual product development and builds a general architecture of an experimental platform for training, research and consulting in the new digital economy, located in the PREMINV center from University “POLITEHNICA” of Bucharest.

Run-time system based on LinSERCANS and Soft-PLC

Soft-PLC with open architecture is the direction of development in industrial automation. This paper discusses the method of communication between the interface functions of LinSERCANS under RTLinux and the external library of Soft-PLC underWindows. Based on the API HOOK theory, the communication between the interface functions of LinSERCANS and the external libraries of Soft-PLC is set up and it solves the calling functions of dynamic link libraries in different operation systems. It is able to combine LinSERCANS with the Soft-PLC, and a run-time system is developed based on the interface technology of the serial real-time communication system (SERCOS) and technology of soft-PLC. This runtime system has been used in all electronic injection molding machines and works very well.

Affect, agency and responsibility: The act of killing in the age of cyborgs

I explore the role of affect (rages and panics) and pre-cognitive reflexes in enabling killing in infantry combat. I examine Vietnam-era infantry training, which constructed a practical agent of killing which operated at an emergent group level, using the trained reflexes of individual soldiers as its components. I show that individual soldiers sometimes retrospectively took guilt upon themselves (a responsibility that is traditionally reserved for acts of individual conscious intention) even though the practical agent was the group activating the non-subjective reflexes of the individual soldiers. To explain this phenomenon, I explore proto-empathetic identification, which produces psychological trauma at the sight of the blood and guts of the killed enemy, despite the common practice of dehumanization of the enemy. I also examine cutting-edge digital and video simulator training for urban warfare of the “shoot/no shoot” type, which produces a very quick decision upon recognition of key traits of the situation—an act that is close to reflexive, but a bit more cognitively sophisticated. The same proto-empathetic identification and individual guilt assumption is in play in this training regime, even as the use of real-time communication technology forms ever more distributed group cognition.

A Clockwork War: Rhetorics of Time in a Time of Terror

Expressions of time have increasingly infused the rhetorical experience of post-industrial war, especially since 9/11. This essay demonstrates how these “signs of time” operate as one of three tropes: deadline/countdown, infinite/infinitesimal war, and the ticking clock. The persistence of such signs of time in public discourse can be seen as an expression of what Paul Virilio has called the “chronopolis,” a political universe textured by real-time communication technologies. The chronopolitical will exhibits certain autocratic traits at odds with democratic ideals, primarily the refashioning of citizen identity into that of the “contemporary.” The analysis here charts the autocratic rhetoric of the chronopolis as a critical democratic project.