Real-time Broadcast Research Articles

Beyond Words

Beyond Words

Narrative Realism in Ukrainian TV News Layout: Editorial Strategies and Viewer Engagement (2004-2020)

The main aim of this study was to investigate the strategic employment of narrative methods and presentational techniques in Ukrainian television news from 2004 to 2020. This study sought to evaluate their impact on the construction of narratives and public discourse. A mixed-methods approach was employed to analyze 531 news releases from three Ukrainian television channels: “1+1”, “Ukraina”, and “Inter”. The application of statistical methods for data processing was employed for the quantitative analysis, while the qualitative analysis comprised a rhetorical investigation of narratives and framing techniques. This approach enabled a comprehensive examination of how news narratives are structured, presented, and perceived, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of news layouts and editorial strategies. The study’s findings demonstrated a significant reliance on conflict framing, economic consequence framing, and character-driven narratives to increase viewer engagement and comprehension. Hierarchical structuring and modular design were identified as key presentation methods that reflect adaptability to real-time broadcasting requirements and audience preferences. This investigation concludes that narrative strategies and presentation techniques play a crucial role in shaping public perception, thereby affecting the construction of media narratives and societal views. The study’s findings are significant for media practitioners and policymakers, as they emphasize the importance of narrative realism and ethical considerations in news production. The research results also offer a foundation for future studies on the effects of digital transformation on news narrative structures.

Towards Impact of Chunk-Level Characteristics on Mobile Live Streaming Performance

Today, mobile live streaming is gaining a rapid growth in use, which refers to watching the media content recorded and broadcast in real time on mobile devices. In live streaming process, each video segment must go through recording, encoding, uploading, transcoding, publishing, downloading, decoding before playback. The ingest algorithm inside the streamer decides the upload bitrate, while the adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithm inside the player determines the download bitrate. Thanks to the chunked CMAF standard, each segment is split into smaller chunks that can be independently encoded, transferred, decoded and played. It is of great help to quantify the impact of chunk-level characteristics on mobile live streaming performance. In this paper, we establish a tandem queuing model to describe the whole streaming system. Based on the model, we respectively characterize rebuffering probability, rebuffering count, streaming latency, and average bitrate, analyzing the impact of chunk upload and download rates, upload and download time variances, startup threshold and chunk length on them. From analysis results, we propose insights and recommendations for bitrate adaptation in mobile live streaming and design simple heuristic ingest and ABR algorithms leveraging them. Extensive simulations verify the insights as well as effectiveness of designed algorithms.

Key factors influencing customer loyalty in live commerce: The role of perceived value and perceived risk

Live streaming commerce services that utilize social network platforms are gaining popularity in China. We examined the effect of value and perceived risk on customer satisfaction and trust, and the influence of this satisfaction and trust on customer loyalty. Perceived value was divided into economic, social, and emotional types, and the impact of each type on customer loyalty was examined separately. This study also investigated the impact of perceived risk on customer loyalty in live commerce. The research model was analyzed using structural equation modeling with 214 customers who watched real-time broadcasts on the Chinese Taobao platform. The results indicated that both customer satisfaction and trust had a significant impact on customer loyalty. Economic and emotional values played an important role in enhancing customer satisfaction and trust, respectively. However, perceived risk did not have a significant impact on either customer satisfaction or trust. Implications of our findings are discussed.

개인 여행방송 콘텐츠 특성이 시청자의 사회적 현존감과 관광 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Personal travel media content has become an important form of marketing tool for the travel industry given its characteristics of facilitating interaction between the content creators and the viewers. Therefore, it is essential to understand the viewer’s psychological decision-making process in order to utilize it as a marketing tool in an effective way. This study was conducted using the S-0-R model. An online survey was conducted on 282 viewers who watched personal travel media within the last 6 months in which the creator is shown directly in the content. As a result of the analysis, a total of four characteristics of personal travel media contents were derived as in the theoretical study: parasocial interaction, information quality, creator’s attractiveness, and real time broadcast. All content characteristics showed a positive impact on social presence. In particular, real time broadcast had the most significant impact on viewers’ social presence. Social presence was found to have a positive impact on a viewer’s behavioral intention too. Based on the results, providing useful and genuine information through attractive creators who can communicate in real time in an effective way is needed to get positive responses from the viewers. This study is meaningful in that it identified personal travel media contents through understanding the psychological decision making process of viewers. It also provided an effective way of utilizing personal travel media content as a new marketing tool.

An optimal design of the broadcast ephemeris for LEO navigation augmentation systems

ABSTRACT As the deployment of large Low Earth Orbiters (LEO) communication constellations, navigation from the LEO satellites becomes an emerging opportunity to enhance the existing satellite navigation systems. The LEO navigation augmentation (LEO-NA) systems require a centimeter to decimeter accuracy broadcast ephemeris to support high accuracy positioning applications. Thus, how to design the broadcast ephemeris becomes the key issue for the LEO-NA systems. In this paper, the temporal variation characteristics of the LEO orbit elements were analyzed via a spectrum analysis. A non-singular element set for orbit fitting was introduced to overcome the potential singularity problem of the LEO orbits. Based on the orbit characteristics, a few new parameters were introduced into the classical 16 parameter ephemeris set to improve the LEO orbit fitting accuracy. In order to identify the optimal parameter set, different parameter sets were tested and compared and the 21 parameters data set was recommended to make an optimal balance between the orbit accuracy and the bandwidth requirements. Considering the real-time broadcast ephemeris generation procedure, the performance of the LEO ephemeris based on the predicted orbit is also investigated. The performance of the proposed ephemeris set was evaluated with four in-orbit LEO satellites and the results indicate the proposed 21 parameter schemes improve the fitting accuracy by 87.4% subject to the 16 parameters scheme. The accuracy for the predicted LEO ephemeris is strongly dependent on the orbit altitude. For these LEO satellites operating higher than 500 km, 10 cm signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE) is achievable for over 20 min prediction.

Accuracy Enhancement of Automatic Modulation Recognition Using Deep Learning Paradigm

Communication systems consist of advanced system performance that enables signal reception at the destination. In such a system, the difficult problem is to restore the original transmission. In this study, Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is used to improve the precision of modulation recognition. This method is essential for advanced communication systems that require a minimal delay, such as Realtime broadcasting. Using paradigms of deep learning, the modulation approach of a received signal is identified. Feedforward neural network with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) integration is proposed for this purpose. The suggested model exhibits optimal recognition accuracy of 97.3 percent, as reported.

128 Efficacy of a Virtual Mock Trial for Inter-Professional Learning

A medical negligence trial can be stressful for all involved and may be the first time in a courtroom for many health professionals. To provide students with the opportunity to learn from, with and about each other, the Mock Trial was established as an annual collaborative learning event between a local law school and our university-affiliated Office for IPE (Inter-professional Education). In 2021, Mock Trial was conducted virtually to continue high-quality IPE throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.The aims of the study were to establish the efficacy of translation of a large-scale inter-professional malpractice Mock Trial simulation to the virtual platform and to determine whether this will be a useful modality once social distancing restrictions ease.The virtual simulation was structured using the brief-simulation-debrief model. Students participated as jury members via Zoom. A simulated courtroom held 11 participants of the trial (one judge, four law students [two defence, two prosecutions], five witnesses and one administrator) and was broadcast in real time to students. The learners first heard the case (opening statements, Plaintiff’s case, Defendant’s case, closing statements and jury instructions) before moving to IP jury break-out rooms with facilitator supervision to deliberate a verdict. Verdicts were delivered in the main room, followed by a debriefing. All students completed a pre-/post-questionnaire, including the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) and evaluation of simulation methodology, Mock Trial structure/content and overall impression. To assess efficacy, we compared student evaluations from 2018 and 2019 (in-person events) to those from 2021 (virtual).A total of 179 learners participated in three in-person Mock Trials; 143 attended the virtual offering. The virtual event included learners from 19 professions from 4 institutions and 12 facilitators. Evaluations assessed IPEC competencies. For the virtual Mock Trial, learners (96%) strongly agreed/agreed that ‘this activity demonstrated the value of IP collaborative practice to prevent malpractice lawsuits’ and 97% felt that this was a valuable educational activity. Representative qualitative data include: ‘as a law student it was interesting to see what laypeople take away from evidence…’, ‘watching the process provided insight into the litigation process’, ‘the most valuable experience is hearing other people’s perspective’.Large-scale virtual simulation events such as a Mock Trial are feasible and provide a valuable inter-professional learning experience. Student feedback demonstrates that gaining insight from different perspectives is a meaningful part of the experience. Incorporation of large-scale simulation events post-pandemic can increase accessibility to foster IP learning on a wider scale.

Construction of embedded secure terminal and multimedia database based on trusted computing technology and wireless network

Internet technology, as a product of the development of the network era, connects a large number of hardware devices, but the connection of many devices makes its corresponding security be greatly tested. The network security technology and the corresponding computer hardware security technology have become the focus of people's attention. At the same time, the construction of multimedia database based on this related technology has become the development trend of people's research and attention. Most of the conventional computer security technology focuses on the security construction of the operating system, which has certain openness, so its corresponding reliability is very low, but also uncontrollable. Based on this, this paper proposes a design scheme of the public security architecture on the embedded terminal, and realizes the design of the multimedia security broadcast control system based on this scheme, and realizes the play and storage of multimedia files, as well as the interaction between the corresponding media servers. The wireless network embedded security terminal designed in this paper includes client terminal identity authentication, corresponding media content protection and storage, and real-time broadcast content monitoring. Finally, the experiment is carried out based on the proposed design scheme. The experimental results show that the embedded security terminal proposed in this paper has obvious performance advantages, and its correctness and availability have been verified in practice.

Investigating the Behaviors of Mobile Games and Online Streaming Users for Online Marketing Recommendations

Mobile games have become online leisure and communication activities, so in recent years, different generation players have gradually become more involved in mobile games and the market has grown. Online streaming refers to entertainment and communicate in the form of a real-time broadcast on the internet, such as mobile gaming apps which create a one-stop game audio-visual interactive online marketing and social media/network platforms. Using a market survey on Taiwan players, a total of 1,020 questionnaires data are incorporated into a relational database. Big data analytics, including cluster analysis and association rules, are used to determine game players' profiles and their preference patterns and rules. Using cluster analysis, the authors divide Taiwan mobile game players into three clusters and then find each group's profiles. In addition, this study develops a rule-based recommendation approach, association rules, for investigating mobile games players' online streaming and purchasing behaviors in terms of online marketing recommendations.

Resilient trade-offs between safety and profitability: perspectives of sharp-end drivers in the Beijing taxi service system

Background. Trade-offs are common behaviors of resilient systems, when the systems adapt to changing situations to meet multiple goals. Objective. In the context of the Beijing taxi service system (BTSS), this work investigates the sharp-end taxi drivers’ trade-offs between work safety and business profitability, demonstrates their resilience in balancing these two goals and identifies factors that contribute to the trade-offs. Methods. An empirical framework incorporating questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews, field observation, data screening and categorization was adopted. Data were collected from a random sample of 70 taxi drivers. Results. In the drivers’ decisions we found a slight bias in favor of profitability rather than safety (regardless of their finances), and a high level of resilience that the drivers had developed in making strategies for the trade-offs. Trip distance, possibility of traffic congestion, redundant consumption, weather conditions, road features and real-time broadcast information were identified as determinants of the drivers’ decision-making. Conclusion. The findings inform BTSS organizational layers and regulators about the sharp-end drivers’ needs for productive safety, and provide an evidence base for making more definitive recommendations about support provision and resource re-allocation in an effective and proactive manner.

DPCrowd: Privacy-Preserving and Communication-Efficient Decentralized Statistical Estimation for Real-Time Crowdsourced Data

In Internet of Things (IoT) driven smart-world systems, real-time crowd-sourced databases from multiple distributed servers can be aggregated to extract dynamic statistics from a larger population, thus providing more reliable knowledge for our society. Particularly, multiple distributed servers in a decentralized network can realize real-time collaborative statistical estimation by disseminating statistics from their separate databases. Despite no raw data sharing, the real-time statistics could still expose the data privacy of crowd-sourcing participants. For mitigating the privacy concern, while traditional differential privacy (DP) mechanism can be simply implemented to perturb the statistics in each timestamp and independently for each dimension, this may suffer a great utility loss from the real-time and multi-dimensional crowd-sourced data. Also, the real-time broadcasting would bring significant overheads in the whole network. To tackle the issues, we propose a novel privacy-preserving and communication-efficient decentralized statistical estimation algorithm (DPCrowd), which only requires intermittently sharing the DP protected parameters with one-hop neighbors by exploiting the temporal correlations in real-time crowd-sourced data. Then, with further consideration of spatial correlations, we develop an enhanced algorithm, DPCrowd+, to deal with multi-dimensional infinite crowd-data streams. Extensive experiments on several datasets demonstrate that our proposed schemes DPCrowd and DPCrowd+ can significantly outperform existing schemes in providing accurate and consensus estimation with rigorous privacy protection and great communication efficiency.

EVENT(LESS)NESS OF QUARANTINE VISUALITY

The coronavirus epidemic has provoked changes in most spheres of public life and has given rise to many ways of rethinking in matters of security, economics, social philosophy, ethics and so on. Against the background of discussing global issues, some kind of simple but not problem-free perspective is being lost – the spectacle of an epidemic from the spectator’s point of view. This perspective is the most obvious, but requires further analysis. In quarantine conditions, spectator’s contact with the phenomenon is entirely mediated by the screen determining his perception of the epidemic as a media phenomenon. Dividing the existential experience caused by the epidemic (direct one) and the spectator’s experience (indirect one), we put the former in parentheses and focus only on the latter, not being interested in the epidemic as a phenomenon, but in the “phenomenon of the epidemic on the screen”. It is the representation of the epidemic that is the problem: despite real-time broadcasting and the unprecedented “visibility” of the epidemic, quarantine visuality is eventless. Discussion of the epidemic captures the information field and its totality makes a claim to an exceptional event. However, its exclusivity is refuted historically, and eventfulness has no place in the philosophical sense. The spectacle remains – but its mode is specific. The brilliant analysis of spectacle by Guy Deborah and Jean Baudrillard in the case of a modern epidemic is inappropriate: the usual way of experiencing a spectacle in the case of an epidemic is changing – this spectacle is non-spectacular. The spectacle of an epidemic is a “quarantine spectacle”: isolated from “what is” and / or isolating spectators from it. Without displaying death (except in the form of mortality curves that have nothing to do with a specific death), the screen does not reflect what is happening inside the epidemic itself. The fundamental representativeness of death is complemented by a number of invisibilities – the invisibility of the unceremoniously buried dead, the invisibility of isolated patients, the invisibility of physicians protected by their suits and, most importantly, the invisibility of the threat. However, since the screen cannot remain blank, it is filled with images of scarcity and absence: the image of an empty city is decisive for quarantine visuality. The representation of the epidemic, despite the fact that it is broadcast online as a constant update of statistics, avoids both eventness and entertainment.

Design and Application of A Development Framework Based-on Shared Farm Digital Control Platform

Agriculture through science and technology is an effective way to promote the development of agricultural economy. In response to the problem of the shortage of urban arable land and the barrenness of rural land, it is combined with the sharing economy and agriculture through the Internet platform to propose the concept of using idle rural land to realize urban people’s online pastoral life. Based on this, the application research on the integration of agriculture and the Internet has been carried out. Taking the needs of shared farm management as an example, through the analysis and research of Nginx, Flask and FFmpeg technologies, the development framework of NFF (Nginx+Flask+FFmpeg) web server with live broadcast function is designed. Based on the NFF framework, the management about land use patterns and planting methods in shared farms have been realized. Real-time live broadcast of farms has also been realized, which establishes a connection between consumers, growers and managers, and draws closer The distance between consumers and farms. The article focuses on the design ideas and application methods of the NFF framework in the agricultural management system, and the application of Blueprint technology in the live broadcast module. From the perspective of the application of the shared farm management system, the NFF framework can ensure the stability and scalability of the system functions, while also reducing the difficulty of development and improving the efficiency of development. It provides design ideas and application methods for Internet technology in agriculture. It is helpful to promote the sustainable development of the concept of “Internet + Sharing”, provides a stage for the sharing economy to drive agricultural development, and provides a reference for the structure of a new agricultural management system.

An Adaptive Time Delay Estimation Method for Broadcast Audio Based on Power Cepstrum

Abstract This paper proposes an adaptive time delay estimation method for broadcast audio based on power cepstrum. First, it adds two real-time broadcast audio signals with the same content but with a time delay to obtain a mixed signal, then segment the mixed signal, and obtain a power cepstrum for each mixed signal. Afterwards, the time delay of the two audio signals is determined by using the feature that the power cepstrum of the mixed signal can peak at the time delay. The experimental results show that this method can obtain more accurate time delay results. And it has higher robustness and faster than traditional methods such as generalized cross-correlation time delay estimation algorithm.

ASSEMBLY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS IN ESTABLISHMENT OF FOOD/FEED QUALITY AND SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM

In a study to utilize modern information technologies in establishment of food/feed safety control system; a study was conducted using mobile monitoring devices such as smart phones, car tracking system, audio video real-time broadcasting device, GIS application, portable internet access device, Wi-Fi thermometers to designs a replied quality control inspection system which can be applied in food manufacturing stockholders including official inspection authorities. Results obtained from application of the used modern information system and the mentioned quality control systems revealed that, by using these devices and inspection program (s), both the official bodies and the producers themselves can cooperate to improve the inspection/production activity to assure compliance of the end product with the safety guidelines and subsequently human/animal/environmental safety

A practical guide to graphic communication for quality assurance, education, and patient care in echocardiography.

Graphic communication (GC) is useful for continuous quality improvement (CQI), education, and patient care when in‐person discussion is not possible because of geographic and schedule constraints. In echocardiography, these constraints can be mitigated by (a) capturing screenshots and device photos or videos and sharing them by email or text message, (b) simultaneous viewing of images on digital displays, and (c) broadcasting the study real time during acquisition to other mobile or stationary devices. Screenshots are useful for CQI and education and can be acquired, annotated, and shared with minimal impact on the flow of clinical echo interpretation. Providers at different locations can employ GC for shared clinical decision making by viewing echo studies from the same server, video conferencing or accessing real‐time broadcast from a device. Which GC tool is selected is determined by its ease of use, the provider's goals and whether immediate image review is needed.

Using Internet Streamed Data for Sport Visualization

Abstract. In many modern sports, athlete tracking for athlete performance analysis is a common practice. Most of the time this athlete tracking is done during training sessions. At some World Tour cycling races the broadcasting company and race organizers use athlete tracking data during race events for various graphical for fans of the sport. This research attempt to use the race real time broadcast of data to produce a web mapping application that will show detailed cycling race tactics and other mapping forms in near real time. This research focuses on data flow and processing for dynamic mapping of complex point data patterns.

An Empirical Investigation of V LIVE's Service Quality and Users' Acceptance

V LIVE, a Korean real-time mobile broadcasting app, is the focus of this investigation. As research on this service is scarce, the paper concentrates on the evaluation of the service quality and users' acceptance to serve as a first step and basis for following investigations. Data is collected by developing and distributing (non-probabilistic) a survey. The survey aspects derive from the Information Service Evaluation model. Additionally, a qualitative analysis of the objective service quality is done as well. All in all, V LIVE is not only well accepted but highly satisfactory as well. Especially, usefulness and fun are proved as satisfying.

ASCO Direct GU: A multistakeholder blended-learning project to make global education local.

10515 Background: International clinicians (HCPs) often find it difficult to attend North American congresses due to time out of the clinic, institutional travel restrictions, & individual financial burden. HCPs continue to highlight the value of peer to peer scientific exchange at international meetings & peer reviewed journals. Coupled with the dramatic increase of new scientific & clinical data that are rapidly changing clinical paradigms, there is a need for an effective & efficient digital solution to reach as many HCPs as possible. ASCO GU Direct sought to develop an educational program that culled the latest clinical & scientific data from ASCO GU in real time to global HCPs. ASCO GU Direct is a partnership between ASCO, MEDtalks Netherlands, Bayer & Janssen to drive global education locally since 2016. The live connection was broadcast in real time to local digital hubs in Europe, Middle East & Asia, where an expert panel from ASCO GU reviewed key scientific data with local HCPs in real time. HCPs were able to view ASCO presentations & ask questions to the panel despite time zone & geography. Methods: We present results from the surveys done with participating HCPs to understand the effectiveness of this blended program by examining the quality & objectivity of the content, impact on their clinical treatment, & the Net Promotor Score (NPS). Results: To measure quality & objectivity, NPS was calculated based on HCP responses to: “Would you recommend ASCO GU Direct to a colleague.” The NPS was 59 in 17 & 72 in 18 (scale: -100 to +100), showing willingness to recommend the educational program. Conclusions: Providing digital access can effectively & efficiently bridge gaps that would otherwise exist for international HCPs who did not attend ASCO GU. Digital access through this collaboration with live access to experts provides an excellent solution for HCPs who want to remain updated on clinical & scientific data.