Real Textile Research Articles

Electrocoagulation and Anodic Oxidation for the Treatment of Commercial Dyes and Real Textile Effluent: Meta-analysis for Optimal Operating Conditions

Electrocoagulation and Anodic Oxidation for the Treatment of Commercial Dyes and Real Textile Effluent: Meta-analysis for Optimal Operating Conditions

Utilizing electrooxidation for textile effluent wastewater treatment and simultaneous electrocatalytic hydrogen production: Transforming waste into energy and promoting water reuse in a circular economy context

Textile effluent wastewater poses a serious environmental risk because of its high concentration of pollutants, which include organic compounds, heavy metals, and dyes. The present study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid water electrolysis performances. Specifically, real textile effluent wastewater was utilised to examine simultaneous abatement and electrochemical hydrogen production. The treated water can be recycled in the textile mill, offering the benefits of trash-to-treasure and cost savings through the circular economy. In addition to reducing the environmental impact of textile wastewater, the synergistic approach seeks to maximise its potential for producing hydrogen as clean energy. Here, the commercially available stainless sheet was used as the anode in the electrochemical setup system and the two-dimensional Ti3C2TX MXene was used as the catalyst embedded cathode. The optimal electrode-electrolyte parameter settings resulted in an 83 % decrease in COD level and a degradation efficiency of about 88 %. The potential for widespread adoption in the textile industry is highlighted by the discussion of the economic viability and environmental advantages of using wastewater from textile effluents for pollutant degradation and hydrogen production. Hence, the energy estimation was looked at and estimated in order to evaluate the process viability. For instance, the hybrid electrolysis process uses a very small amount of electricity (0.825 kWh m−3 order−1) and has an apparent operating current (30 mA/cm2). This work could serve as a guide for the methodical assessment and choice of hybrid water electrolysis using actual wastewater. The electrode's recyclability and reuse were proven for possible commercial applications. The stability of the Ti3C2TX electrode over a wide pH range was investigated in order to produce hydrogen on a big scale at a reasonable cost.

Removal of Dye from Real Textile Wastewater using Sodium Alginate and Bentonite Composite

A composite adsorbent was synthesized from Sodium Alginate (SA) and Bentonite (BT) named SA/BT to treat textile wastewater sourced from the Rooma Textile Park situated in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The materials were evaluated through various analyses, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Batch adsorption techniques were employed to investigate how various process variables, including adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature influence the removal of dyes and other pollutants from textile wastewater. The physicochemical characteristics, including pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total hardness, color, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), sulfate, and chloride of textile effluents were assessed both prior to and following the treatment process. The results indicated that the SA/BT composite showed higher adsorption efficiency, highlighting its promise as a viable and eco-friendly option for the treatment of textile wastewater. This research provides important perspectives on the creation of sustainable treatment approaches to tackle water pollution issues within the textile sector.

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic/Aerobic Conditions for Treating Dye-Rich Synthetic and Real Textile Wastewater Using a Soda Lake Derived Alkaliphilic Microbial Consortia

Textile industry wastewater (WW) has intense color, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and salinity, making it challenging for conventional treatment. Soda lakes, with high alkalinity and salinity, host diverse microbes capable of textile dye degradation. This study evaluated anaerobic/aerobic reactors using alkaliphilic microbial consortia from Lake Chitu, an Ethiopian soda lake, for treating synthetic and real textile WW. The experimental setup consisted of a first-stage anaerobic reactor followed by a second-stage aerobic reactor, operating continuously with a predetermined flow rate and hydraulic residence time. After evaluating synthetic WW, real textile WW was collected in two batches (rounds I and II). The treatment setup removed 99% of the dye color for synthetic WW, 98% for round I, and 96% for round II. COD removal was 87% for synthetic WW, 86% for round I, and 93.37% for round II. TKN removal reached 90% for synthetic WW, 91% for round I, and 96% for round II at a steady state. Residual COD and TKN values met the final effluent discharge standards. GC–MS and IR analyses revealed that dyes were broken down into intermediate organic compounds under anaerobic conditions and further degraded into smaller molecules under aerobic conditions. This integrated reactor approach effectively removes dyes and enhances COD and TKN removal. The study’s novelty lies in evaluating both synthetic and real textile WW using integrated reactors under alkaline conditions in a continuous process, inoculating alkaliphilic consortia, without pre-enrichment or external nutrient addition to real WW. The study provides insights into the effectiveness of alkaliphilic microbial consortia derived from soda lakes for treating textile WW using integrated reactor conditions. Reactor microbiome characterization is needed to further explore microbial diversity and community structure.

Ultrasound-assisted enhanced adsorption of textile dyes with metal organic frameworks

In this study, ZIF-67 based metal–organic framework (MOF) is used for the adsorption of several synthetic dye effluents (Malachite green (MG), Rhodamine-B (Rh-B), Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR)) with intensified adsorption in the presence of ultrasound. The adsorption capacity of ZIF-67 is evaluated for multiple single dye systems and binary dye mixtures. The effect of different operational parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, temperature, pH, binary dye systems, real effluents, and the presence of ultrasound is explored in detail. The adsorption for single dye systems shows the removal efficiencies in the order of MG > CR > Rh-B > MB. The adsorption of CR and MG on ZIF-67 followed Langmuir isotherm which estimated the maximum adsorption capacity of 701 and 3623 mg. g−1 respectively. An optimum adsorbent loading of 1 g.L−1 is effective for the efficient removal of MG and CR. Further, thermodynamic studies indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The kinetic models for both dyes suggested a prevailing chemisorption mechanism, in line with the pseudo second-order model (PSOM). For binary dye systems of MG and CR, the selectivity towards maximum adsorption capacity is favored with MG compared to CR. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption intensified the removal efficiency up to ∼ 67 % and ∼ 93 % within 5 min for CR and MG respectively. ZIF-67 is stable over multiple consecutive cycles affirming its reliability for reuse. Maximum removal of dyes was also obtained with real textile dye effluents.

A Study of the Feasibility of Pinus patula Biochar: The Regeneration of the Indigo Carmine-Loaded Biochar and its Efficiency for Real Textile Wastewater Treatment

The feasibility of an adsorbent material like biochar (BC) depends on its regeneration capacity and its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies on real wastewater (WW) effluents. In this study, the regeneration capacity of the Pinus patula BC previously used in the removal of Indigo Carmine from water was evaluated. The regeneration technique that resulted in the highest desorption efficiency was a thermo-chemical method that consisted of heating the spent BC in a stove at 160 °C for 45 min followed by regeneration with ethanol (C2H6O) at a concentration of 75% for 6 h. Through this regeneration method, it was found that Pinus patula BC could be used in seven consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. The feasibility of this BC was also assessed by evaluating the adsorbent’s efficiency in real textile WW. Under optimal operational conditions (solution pH = 3, BC dose = 13.5 g/L, and BC particle size = 300–450 µm), the highest removal efficiencies in terms of colour and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were 81.3 and 76.8%, respectively, for 120 min of treatment. The results obtained in the regeneration studies and the treatment of real textile WW suggested that the use of Pinus patula BC could be suitable to be scaled to an industrial level, contributing to sustainable development and the circular bioeconomy by using a waste to solve the dye pollution problem of another waste.

Analysis and Measurement of Supraharmonics in Real Textile Industries Using Hybrid Technique

In this paper proposes a hybrid ADKF-FHO method for analysis and study of supraharmonics in textile industry. The proposed hybrid approach is the combined performance of anisotropic diffusion Kuwahara filtering (ADKF)and Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO). Commonly it is named as ADKF-FHO technique. The major objective of the proposed approach is the main aim is to analysis of Supraharmonicsin real textile industries. The Variable frequency drive is predominantly used in Textile industry for varying the speed to control the roller speed for obtaining quality of yarn from the machine with more productivity and high energy saving. The ADLF is utilized to ensure the supraharmonics in textile industry and the FHO is used to optimizing the switching states of the embedded power converter. In this paper, standards and its limits are discussed; simulation model of the drive is done to ensure the Supraharmonics. Real time testing of the motor with drive for ensuring the Supraharmonics at testing laboratory and real time Textile industry in different geographical location is discussed in detail. By then, the proposed model is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink working stage and the execution is calculated with the existing methods. The proposed method shows better results in all approaches like RFA, CSA and PSO.

Polyaniline-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2CrO4 composite for photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation

Organic dyes are a major source of environmental pollution from different industries. To remove these recalcitrant, a novel ternary g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2CrO4 and its polyaniline-supported (PANI) composites were synthesized using an “in situ” oxidative polymerization approach. XRD, SEM, UV–Vis DRS, and PL techniques were utilized to characterize the as-prepared composites. The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated using a model organic pollutant, methylene blue (MB), and samples of the effluent of the textile industry. The as-synthesized ternary g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2CrO4 (ZT3= 87.87 %) composite showed better photocatalytic performance than the single (5 %) and binaries (15–25 %) counterparts for MB degradation. The influence of various experimental settings on the photodegradation of MB dye was examined and these were an initial dye amount of 10 ppm, photocatalyst load of 0.15 g/L, and pH 10. Under optimized conditions, PANI-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2CrO4 composite (PAST) demonstrated substantial degradation efficiency (97.5 %). The reusability study of the spent catalyst revealed a reduced efficiency from 97.5 to 78.5 % photodegradation of MB after four successive cycles, demonstrating the photocatalyst's stability and efficiency. According to the study on the effect of scavengers, h+ plays a significant part in the discoloration of MB. The PAST photocatalyst outperformed the MB discoloration (97.5 %) and adequate degradation for real textile effluent samples (77.7 %) collected from Hawassa textile industries. The photodegradation efficiency result of this study demonstrated that PANI-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2CrO4 might serve as an advantageous photocatalyst for the efficient removal of MB and other dyes under visible light irradiation at the optimum conditions. The total estimated cost analysis of synthesis and photocatalytic degradation using Polyaniline-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2CrO4 composite found that it was quite affordable, costing around $5 per 1,000 L of wastewater treatment.

Utilization of Eco‐friendly Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Iron Oxide Nanorods in Dye Removal from Real Textile Industry Effluent

AbstractTextile industry wastewater contaminated with dye effluents poses a significant environmental challenge. Numerous nanoparticles are used as adsorbents to treat similarly stimulated wastewater, but particularly nanomaterials synthesized through green methods have gained prominence. To assess their practical applicability in addressing real‐world textile wastewater pollution, studies on dye removal from authentic textile industrial effluents are recommended. As a result, a study focused on the removal of dye from real textile industrial effluent is conducted, and biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles and iron oxide nanorods are chosen as adsorbents. The investigation scrutinized the influence of adsorbent dosage, adsorbent‐adsorbate contact time, and wastewater pH on the percentage of dye adsorption. These findings indicate that increasing the adsorbent dosage and contact time leads to a higher percentage of dye removal. Notably, copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit superior dye removal efficiency at pH levels 5 and 7, outperforming the maximum dye removal efficiency of iron oxide nanorods at pH 12. The study achieved an impressive process efficiency of 95.24% for copper oxide nanoparticles and 62.5% for iron oxide nanorods. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed for statistical data analysis and optimization of dye removal process parameters to maximize efficiency. Overall, the results demonstrate that biosynthesized nanomaterials offer a promising and effective solution for removing dyes from textile industrial wastewater.

LDH–Ferrite–Biochar–Polymeric Composites for Enhanced Adsorption–Desorption of Acid Blue 41 and Real Textile Wastewater Purification: A Batch and Column Study

LDH–Ferrite–Biochar–Polymeric Composites for Enhanced Adsorption–Desorption of Acid Blue 41 and Real Textile Wastewater Purification: A Batch and Column Study

A comprehensive review of graphene oxide-based membranes for efficient dye removal from water sources

In the realm of water treatment, the utilization of two-dimensional (2D) graphene and its derivative, graphene oxide (GO), has emerged as a pioneering avenue for the development of nanoporous membranes. These membranes hold immense promise due to the remarkable attributes inherent to GO, notably its expansive specific surface area and the profusion of oxygen-containing surface functional groups. This comprehensive review elucidates the recent advances in the fabrication and utilization of GO-based membranes, specifically tailored for the efficacious removal of dyes from aqueous environments. A detailed analysis of the key physicochemical characteristics, which distinctly influence the synthesis and performance of GO-based membranes, is performed. Furthermore, a profound explication of the intricate mechanisms underpinning the rejection of dyes by these membranes is presented, accompanied by a thorough investigation into the stability performance of the deployed GO-based membranes. A quick comparison of GO membranes with other 2D materials and the application potential of these membranes in treating real textile effluents is also provided. In the end, salient research gaps are pinpointed, leading to clear suggestions for overcoming the mentioned hurdles. This article aimed to help the research community understand GO-based membranes deeply, and also provide valuable ideas about their growing effectiveness in cleaning dyes from various wastewater sources.

Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Kinetics and Photo-degradation of Certain Textile Effluent Dyes

Untreated effluents especially in discharges from textiles and fabric industries, usually contain dyes. Synthetic dyes have adverse effects on all forms of life when discharged directly into the environment. This paper investigates the photo-degradation of a mixture of direct orange 39, chlorantine fast red 5B, Viscose Black B and direct sky blue K, all present in a real textile effluent based on the influence of ZnO photocatalyst dose and irradiation time at a specific UV power source. The photo-degradation experiments were conducted in a batch stirred photoreactor equipped with UV lamp of rated at 30 W, a magnetic stirring system and a thermometer. The photocatalyst used was zinc oxide nanopowder (ZnO) The results showed that changes in these parameters influenced the efficiency of the photo-degradation. The kinetic studies showed that the dyes degradation followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model that has been modified to accommodate reactions occurring at the solid-liquid interphase. At the catalyst dose of 0.5 g/l, the apparent first order rate constant, was 0.00411 ; but at 2.5 g/l, this reduced to . The best degradation was at the catalyst dose of 2.0 g/l with rate constant of .

Synergetic removal of hazardous pollutants from aqueous environment using lignocellulosic biosorbents

Water pollution with dyes that are non-biodegradable has become a very concerning environmental problem in the world today. Therefore, the aim of this research was to optimize an adsorption process for the removal of one of the most harmful dyes Eriochrome Black T (EBT). For the first time, native hazelnut shells were used as biosorbents in this regard. The biomaterial was analysed by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, Boehm titrations, physicochemical analysis and by determination of zero charge point and cation exchange capacity. Dye concentration was established by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and heavy metals concentration by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Characterization techniques of EBT showed successful removal from wastewater due to the obvious changes in morphological and composition structure of the hazelnut shell. The highest capacity of adsorption (5.8 mg/g) and removal efficiency (75.3%) was found at pH 3, sorbent mass 500 mg, 80 mg/L EBT concentration, 90 min contact time and solution temperature 20 °C. The pseudo-second-order model described the best investigated process and maximum Langmuir’s adsorption capacity was 27.55 mg/g. The interfering effect of seven heavy metals increased removal efficiency to 98% showing a positive impact. Furthermore, the process was found feasible with negative values of Gibbs free energy and exothermic with negative values of enthalpy change (-35.26 kJ/mol). The utilized green and environmentally friendly sorbent under optimized conditions could be used in real textile industries for EBT and heavy metals removal.

PANI/CoO Nanocomposite Films with Excellent Photocatalytic Performance for Real Textile Wastewater Treatment

PANI/CoO Nanocomposite Films with Excellent Photocatalytic Performance for Real Textile Wastewater Treatment

Preparation of carbonaceous materials from flotation-sludge of the poultry industry and its application in the methylene blue adsorption.

In this work, different carbonaceous materials based on floated sludge from a poultry industry wastewater treatment plant (PI-WTP) were synthesized. These materials were characterized and investigated in methylene blue dye (MB) adsorption. The influences of the initial pH solution, adsorbent dosage, kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics were evaluated in the adsorption experiments. A simulation of a real textile effluent was also carried out to evaluate the adsorbent. The results of the adsorbents' characterization demonstrated that adding ZnCl2 + lime, followed by pyrolysis and acid leaching, significantly improved the material's properties, leading to abundant porosity and high surface area. The adsorption experiments indicated that the natural pH of the solution (8.0) and the AC-II dosage of 0.75g L-1 are optimal for MB removal. Elovich and Sips' models (with a maximum adsorption capacity of 221.02mgg-1 at 328K) best fitted the experimental kinetic and equilibrium data, respectively. The adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic according to thermodynamic parameters. The discoloration efficiency of the simulated effluent was 67.8%. In conclusion, the floated sludge, a residue produced on a large scale that needs to be disposed of correctly, can be converted into a value-added material (carbonaceous adsorbent) and applied to treat colored effluents.

ISSUES OF STABILITY OF MECHANISMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF TEXTILE MACHINES

Article it is devoted dynamic research of modern textile machines.Dynamic models of real textile machines are made and solved their differential equations.Analized the received results are also recommended new actions for designing such machines.

Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnO–ZnS as a novel, reusable and efficient photocatalyst for dye removal from synthetic and textile wastewaters

In this study, new magnetic nanocomposites with different molar ratios of zinc oxide-zinc sulfide were synthesized together with photocatalysts MNPs@BNPs@ZnO and MNPs@ BNPs@ ZnS. The photocatalytic behavior of these hybrid nanocomposites under visible light and ultraviolet light was investigated to remove methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) dyes, real textile and carton effluents. After studies, the best active photocatalyst in both visible light and ultraviolet light is MNPs@BNPs@ZnO–ZnS (ZnO/ZnS: 0.75:0.25), which displayed the best performance in the ultraviolet region. According to the TEM, the average particle size for MNPs@BNPs@ZnO–ZnS (ZnO/ZnS: 0.75:0.25) is between 10 and 30 nm. Zeta potential (DLS) showed that the charge on the photocatalyst surface is negative at most pHs. PL analysis confirmed that the amount of hole-electron recombination in the optimal photocatalyst is less than MNPs@BNPs@ZnO and MNPs@BNPs@ZnS. Also, based on kinetic studies, the rate constant for removing azo dyes such as MO and MB was 0.0186 and 0.0171 min−1, respectively. It is worth noting that in addition to the novelty of the synthesized photocatalysts, the UV and visible lamps used in this research are inexpensive, durable, and highly efficient.

Saline Sediments as a Suitable Source for Halophilic Inoculums to Degrade Azo Dyes in Synthetic and Real Textile Wastewaters by Microbial Electrochemical Systems

The treatment of textile wastewater (TWW) loaded with recalcitrant azo dyes in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) rather than in physicochemical processes is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential of different saline sediments collected from extreme Tunisian environments for the formation of bioanodes capable ofsimultaneous azo dyes degradation and electric current generation in synthetic (STWW) and real textile wastewaters (RTWW) characterized by a varied composition of azo dyes and a high salinity. The obtained bioanodes and anolytes were studied comparatively by electrochemical, microscopic, analytical, and molecular tools.Based on the UV–visible spectra analysis, the breakdown of the azo bond was confirmed. With RTWW, the BES achieved a chemical oxygen demand (COD) abatement rate of 85%with a current density of 2.5 A/m2. Microbial community analysis indicated that a diverse community of bacteria was active for effluent treatment coupled with energy production. At the phylum level, the electrodes were primarily colonized by proteobacteria and firmicutes, which are the two phyla most involved in bioremediation. The analysis of the microbial community also showed the abundance of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus and Marinobacter sp. species characterized by their high metabolic capacity, tolerance to extremophilic conditions, and role in hydrocarbon degradation.

Electrochemical Treatment of a Real Textile Wastewater Using Cheap Electrodes and Improvement in Cod Removal

Electrochemical Treatment of a Real Textile Wastewater Using Cheap Electrodes and Improvement in Cod Removal

Dye removal from simulated and real textile effluent using laccase immobilized on pine needle biochar

Textile industries generate huge amount of water containing harmful azo dyes that have known carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicities. Removal of these azo dyes is an important step in the treatment of wastewater. This work evaluates the potential application of enzyme immobilized biochar for the removal of azo dyes from real and simulated textile effluents. The simulated textile effluent was prepared using azo dyes Congo red, Malachite green and their mixture. Dye removal studies were conducted in batch studies using laccase immobilized biochar and optimization of immobilization was achieved through response surface methodology. In the case of simulated effluent, higher dye removal efficiencies were obtained when added separately (73.8 % for Malachite green dye and 88.1 % for Congo red) in comparison to when mixed together (59.3 % for Malachite green dye and 78.7 % for Congo red). In the case of real textile effluent, the dye removal through an enzyme immobilized system with 100 % removal efficiency was obtained for one of the dye peaks while it was 35.7 % for the other dye present in the effluent along with 33.3 % COD removal. The real textile effluent was analyzed by GC–MS and the presence of one of the metabolite phenol,2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl) in the GC–MS spectra indicated degradation of dye Mordant Black. Thus, an enzyme immobilized biochar system can be used for simultaneous dye adsorption and degradation of toxic azo dyes from real effluents.