Real Teams Research Articles

Personal accountability and cooperation in teams

In a real effort lab and online team production experiment, we analyze exerted effort under different conditions of individual accountability. In a repeated setting, we vary the degree to which production can be directly traced back to a collaborator's individual or randomly drawn effort level, respectively. We find that individuals produce much less and the decline of effort over time is significantly steeper under high as compared to low and endogenously chosen personal accountability. While endogenous accountability provides an option for monitoring others, it does not force subjects to learn about their under-performing peers, thus limiting the typical decline of contributions over time. We conclude that accountability one step removed may be an interesting institutional setting for repeated collaborations in contexts where low accountability for political, social or legal reasons is not a viable option.

A novel hybrid method for selecting soccer players during the transfer season

AbstractThe quality of its players is one of the most significant features determining the failure or success of a sports team. The wide array of factors contributing to the performance of the players together with the inherent financial limitations of the clubs have transformed the selection of players into a complex problem. The current paper presents an integrated approach that combines multiple‐criteria decision‐making analysis and mathematical programming to support the decision maker through the building process of a soccer team. First, the fuzzy analytic network process is applied to evaluate the significance of the different performance criteria for each position in the field. The score attained by the different players in each potential position is computed using PROMETHEE II. A biobjective integer programming model has been designed to evaluate the transfer status of the players. Finally, data envelopment analysis is used to identify the most efficient Pareto solution determining the status of each player. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, the position in the field and transfer status of 60 players being considered by a real soccer team have been determined.

RCVS knowledge

Continuous quality improvement is all about working together, gathering real information from real teams and finding practical things that we can do to continuously improve as a whole. RCVS Knowledge explains how to implement real change into day-to-day clinical decision making.

Team Focus in Focus: Its Implications for Real World Teams and Their Members

We develop and test a cross-level model of the influence team focus has on positive and negative discretionary team member behaviors. Data collected from 405 team members across 76 teams and 15 org...

Approximate solutions for expanding search games on general networks

We study the classical problem introduced by R. Isaacs and S. Gal of minimizing the time to find a hidden point H on a network Q moving from a known starting point. Rather than adopting the traditional continuous unit speed path paradigm, we use the dynamic “expanding search” paradigm recently introduced by the authors. Here the regions S(t) that have been searched by time t are increasing from the starting point and have total length t. Roughly speaking the search follows a sequence of arcs $$a_i$$ such that each one starts at some point of an earlier one. This type of search is often carried out by real life search teams in the hunt for missing persons, escaped convicts, terrorists or lost airplanes. The paper which introduced this type of search solved the adversarial problem (where H is hidden to maximize the time to be found) for the cases where Q is a tree or is 2-arc-connected. This paper’s main contribution is to give two strategy classes which can be used on any network and have expected search times which are within a factor close to 1 of the value of the game (minimax search time). These strategies classes are respectively optimal for trees and 2-arc-connected networks. We also solve the game for circle-and-spike networks, which can be considered as the simplest class of networks for which a solution was previously unknown.

Abstract PD-007: IMMERSIVE REALITY: CREATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE, INTERPROFESSIONAL, IN-SITU TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM TO IMPROVE ACUTE EVENT MANAGEMENT

Aims & Objectives: Acute events in critical care are high risk, low frequency incidents requiring technical proficiency, non-technical skills and coordination of individuals, teams and systems to optimize outcomes and minimize preventable harm. Our objective was to establish a sustainable, in-situ, team training program, creating a safe practice environment improve acute event management. Methods Initial efforts focused on neutralizing previous failure modes for in-situ simulation, proof of concept and return on investment. Untapped resources were identified and the rebranded program’s (Immersive Reality-IR) vision and mission were aligned with departmental priorities. A cadre of inter-professional, unit-based staff received simulation training through the SickKids Learning Institute. IR sessions (3 hours, 1–2 scenarios) were developed and debriefed by our facilitators. All processes and systems required in real life are utilized within the simulations. Key learning points are widely disseminated monthly in a SWOT framework. (Figure 1)Results Since March 2017, 23 unit-based facilitators have run IR sessions. Thirty-nine unique scenarios were tested, ranging from patient evacuation due to fire, to ECPR including air entrainment, to inter-hospital transport of a critically ill neonate. Participants have included 124 nurses, 28 RTs, 29 ICU fellows and 10 staff ICU physicians in addition to patient support, surgical, transport and emergency services. Evaluations confirm a high degree of satisfaction, engagement and learning amongst participants. (Table 1)Conclusions By allowing real teams ICU providers to practice within their everyday roles, spaces and systems, IR provides a realistic, safe environment to master skills, refine critical decision making, identify latent safety threats and assess equipment and systems.

Network and community structure in a scientific team with high creative performance

Current studies have indicated that the type and intensity of the relations in a social network can impact individuals’ creative performance. However, it is more practical to explore how to improve team’s creative performance from the perspective of network and community structure. We conduct a survey of a real scientific team network, in which each team member chooses five members (s)he regards as his (her) friends, five members (s)he always works with, and five members (s)he wants to work with. The members were asked to rank the five members they selected according to their closeness. We derived three networks: a friend network, a real cooperation network and a desired cooperation network. Additionally, we have constructed a directed-weighted network with the team members as nodes, the relations (friend, real cooperation, and cooperation desire) between members as edges, and the closeness of these relations as weights. The main results show the following. (1) This scientific team is a leader network with nodes with weighted degrees significantly larger than those of other nodes. The weighted in-degree sequence and the weighted out-degree sequence have different properties. (2) Creative performance is higher for the leader communities than for the self-organized communities. After removing the leader nodes of the leader communities, creative performance in the communities and in the whole network decreased. (3) Quadratic assignment procedure correlation (QAP) analysis shows that the similarity between the real cooperation network and the desired cooperation network is lowest in self-organized communities, and the creative performance is low if the similarity between the two networks is low; (4) creative performance is lower in a network that only takes into account the desired cooperation of members. This study sheds light on the potential application of complex networks in the issues of group division and team construction in the workplace and in the field of education.

A Decentralized, Communication-Free Force Distribution Method With Application to Collective Object Manipulation

We present a novel approach to achieve decentralized distribution of forces in a multirobot system. In this approach, each robot in the group relies on the behavior of a cooperative virtual teammate that is defined independent of the population and formation of the real team. Consequently, such formulation eliminates the need for interagent communications or leader–follower architectures. In particular, effectiveness of the method is studied in a collective manipulation problem where the objective is to control the position and orientation of a body in time. To experimentally validate the performance of the proposed method, a new swarm agent, Δρ (Delta-Rho), is introduced. A multirobot system, consisting of five Δρ agents, is then utilized as the experimental setup. The obtained results are also compared with a norm-optimal centralized controller by quantitative metrics. Experimental results prove the performance of the algorithm in different tested scenarios and demonstrate a scalable, versatile, and robust system-level behavior.

An integer linear programming model for fair multitarget tracking in cooperative multirobot systems

Cooperative Multi-Robot Observation of Multiple Moving Targets (CMOMMT) denotes a class of problems in which a set of autonomous mobile robots equipped with limited-range sensors keep under observation a (possibly larger) set of mobile targets. In the existing literature, it is common to let the robots cooperatively plan their motion in order to maximize the average targets' detection rate, defined as the percentage of mission steps in which a target is observed by at least one robot. We present a novel optimization model for CMOMMT scenarios which features fairness of observation among different targets as an additional objective. The proposed integer linear formulation exploits available knowledge about the expected motion patterns of the targets, represented as a probabilistic occupancy maps estimated in a Bayesian framework. An empirical analysis of the model is performed in simulation, considering multiple scenarios to study the effects of the amount of robots and of the prediction accuracy for the mobility of the targets. Both centralized and distributed implementations are presented and compared to each other evaluating the impact of multi-hop communications and limited information sharing. The proposed solutions are also compared to two algorithms selected from the literature. The model is finally validated on a real team of ground robots in a limited set of scenarios.

Team interaction challenges for medical leadership

BackgroundTeam interaction in medical practice directly affects patients, organisations and individual doctors. This study aimed to gather a set of quantitative data to identify (1) the aspects of team performance...

Why is trust important for effective healthcare teams?

British Journal of Healthcare ManagementVol. 24, No. 2 DiscussionWhy is trust important for effective healthcare teams?Adam LaylandAdam LaylandSearch for more papers by this authorAdam LaylandPublished Online:10 Feb 2018https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2018.24.2.61AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References Abualrub RF, Gharaibeh HF, Bashayreh AEI. The relationships between safety climate, teamwork, and intent to stay at work among Jordanian hospital nurses. Nursing Forum. 2012;47(1):65–75 Crossref, Google ScholarCIPD. Where has all the trust gone? Research Report. [Internet]. 2012. [cited 2017 Nov 21]. Available from: http://www.trustinorganizations.com/Resources/Documents/WhereHasAllTheTrustGone.pdf.pdf Google ScholarCommittee on Standards in Public Life. 7 principles of public life. [Internet]. 1995. [Cited 2017 Nov 21]. 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Available from: https://www.edelman.com/post/trust-healthcare-making-progress/ Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLocus of control: the impact on self-leadership and effectiveness in healthcare teamsStephen Joseph6 August 2021 | British Journal of Healthcare Management, Vol. 27, No. 8The NMC Code and its application to the role of the midwife in antenatal care: a student perspectiveNicole Rajan-Brown, Allison Mitchell9 December 2020 | British Journal of Midwifery, Vol. 28, No. 12 2 February 2018Volume 24Issue 2ISSN (print): 1358-0574ISSN (online): 1759-7382 Metrics History Published online 10 February 2018 Published in print 2 February 2018 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

ISEP/INESC TEC Aerial Robotics Team for Search and Rescue Operations at the euRathlon 2015

This paper presents the results from search and rescue missions performed with the aerial robot OTUS in the the context of the ISEP/INESC TEC aerial robotics team participation on the euRathlon 2015 robotics competition. The multi-domain (land, sea and air) search and rescue scenario is described and technical solution adopted is presented with emphasis on the perception system. The calibration of the image based system is addressed. Results from the operational missions performed are also discussed. The aerial autonomous vehicle was able to successfully perform multiple tasks from the aerial reconnaissance and 3D mapping to the identification of leaking pipes, obstructed passages and missing workers. The system was validated a realistic operational scenario and won the Grand Challenge in cooperation with land and marine robotics partner teams. This challenge was the first time that a real time collaborative team of aerial, land and marine robots was deployed successfully in a search and rescue mission.

Building a smart lecture-recording system using MK-CPN network for heterogeneous data sources

Nowadays, lecture-recording systems play a vital role in collecting spoken discourse for e-learning. However, in view of the growing development of e-learning, the lack of content is becoming a problem. This research presents a smart lecture-recording (SLR) system that can record orations at the same level of quality as a human team, but with a reduced degree of human involvement. The proposed SLR system is composed of two subsystems, referred to as virtual cameraman (VC), and virtual director (VD), respectively. All camera man components of VC subsystem are automatic and can take actions that include target and event detection, tracking, and view searching. The videos taken by these three components are forwarded to the VD subsystem, in which the representative shot is chosen for recording or direct broadcasting. We refer to this function of the VD subsystem as shot selection that is based on the content analysis. The capability of shot selection is pre-trained through a machine-learning process characterized by the counter-propagation neural (CPN) network. However, the CPN network yielded poor results when the input data were heterogeneous data. To increases the accuracy of shot selection, we applied multiple kernel learning (MKL) techniques into CPN network, called MK-CPN, to transform all the heterogeneous data from different content analysis methods into unified space. A series of experiments for real lecture has been conducted. The results showed that the proposed SLR system can provide oration records close to some extend to those taken by real human teams. We believe that the proposed system may not be limited to live speeches, if it can be configured with appropriate training materials.

Integrated model of teamwork for team effectiveness analysis: an empirical study

This paper utilises an empirically validated team model to evaluate a real organisation's team effectiveness and efficiency issues. It provides recommendations to improve these deficiencies. The integrated model of teamwork (IMT) is used to evaluate performance effectiveness of a Navy Missile Requirements Engineering (NMRE) team in the USA. While the team performs at a satisfactory level, they face obstacles involving structure, member knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs); communication; conflict resolution; coordination and collaboration; member motivation; member training; team cohesion and potency; and team learning. Finally, the IMT model led to recommendation development. An implementation plan was developed for the organisational level. The NMRE team should utilise it to resolve key problems identified in the team.

Development and Application of a System Based on Artificial Intelligence for Transcatheter Aortic Prosthesis Selection.

IntroductionThe interest in Expert systems has increased in the medical area. Some of them are employed even for diagnosis. With the variability of transcatheter prostheses, the most appropriate choice can be complex. This scenario reveals an enabling environment for the use of an Expert system. The goal of the study was to develop an Expert system based on artificial intelligence for supporting the transcatheter aortic prosthesis selection.MethodsThe system was developed on Expert SINTA. The rules were created according to anatomical parameters indicated by the manufacturing company. Annular aortic diameter, aortic area, aortic perimeter, ascending aorta diameter and Valsalva sinus diameter were considered. After performing system accuracy tests, it was applied in a retrospective cohort of 22 patients with submitted to the CoreValve prosthesis implantation. Then, the system indications were compared to the real heart team decisions.ResultsFor 10 (45.4%) of the 22 patients there was no concordance between the Expert system and the heart team. In all cases with discordance, the software was right in the indication. Then, the patients were stratified in two groups (same indication vs. divergent indication). The baseline characteristics did not show any significant difference. Mortality, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, aortic regurgitation and prosthesis leak did not present differences. Therefore, the maximum aortic gradient in the post-procedure period was higher in the Divergent Indication group (23.9 mmHg vs. 11.9 mmHg, P=0.03), and the mean aortic gradient showed a similar trend.ConclusionThe utilization of the Expert system was accurate, showing good potential in the support of medical decision. Patients with divergent indication presented high post-procedure aortic gradients and, even without clinical repercussion, these parameters, when elevated, can lead to early prosthesis dysfunction and the necessity of reoperation.

The first 3 minutes: Optimising a short realistic paediatric team resuscitation training session.

Inadequate resuscitation leads to death or brain injury. Recent recommendations for resuscitation team training to complement knowledge and skills training highlighted the need for development of an effective team resuscitation training session. This study aimed to evaluate and revise an interprofessional team training session which addressed roles and performance during provision of paediatric resuscitation, through incorporation of real-time, real team simulated training episodes. This study was conducted applying the principles of action research. Two cycles of data collection, evaluation and refinement of a 30-40 minute resuscitation training session for doctors and nurses occurred. Doctors and nurses made up 4 groups of training session participants. Their responses to the training were evaluated through thematic analysis of rich qualitative data gathered in focus groups held immediately after each training session. Major themes included the importance of realism, teamwork, and reflective learning. Findings informed important training session changes. These included; committed in-situ training; team diversity; realistic resources; role flexibility, definition and leadership; increased debriefing time and the addition of a team goal. In conclusion, incorporation of interprofessional resuscitation training which addresses team roles and responsibilities into standard medical and nursing training will enhance preparedness for participation in paediatric resuscitation.

Healthy choices: GSK’s internal and external partnering strategies for growth in Asia

The practice of outsourcing various corporate real estate functions has become commonplace within multinationals, and during the past decade various models have evolved to become increasingly sophisticated. GSK drew on a culture of partnering within the core business to build a real estate team in APAC from the ground up through partnering. This paper explores the process of developing GSK’s ‘thin client’ model in Asia, the benefits identified (three pillars) and associated performance targets. Aspects of the model are illustrated through a services standardisation project case study. Three core themes emerged during implementation: achieving alignment on goals; developing Asia-based talent and capability; and understanding what ‘good’ looks like. The benefits, challenges and key learnings from the ‘thin client’ model are explored for each of these three themes. The contextual challenges faced by the GSK real estate team in Asia, which gave rise to the partnering model, are common to many global organisations with operations across the region. The success of the model requires focus on three core themes, which may provide useful insights to CRE practitioners leading similar partnering initiatives. The paper illustrates a holistic approach to building a corporate real estate team in Asia through a strategic, multi-dimensional approach to partnering. It presents a qualitative assessment of the real estate partnering model within GSK. At the time of publication it has not been qualified through external or alternate methods of examination.

Study Regarding The Introduction of The Concept ”IAAF Kids' Athletics” in The Primary School in Physical Education Lessons

The International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) promoted in 2001 a new concept of athletics competition for children. The new concept represents the promotion of athletics as a game, all events being performed as team races or relay races. The points for all of the technical events (jumping, throwing) are calculated by adding each team member's performance. Considering the athletics are present in the school curriculum in all forms of education, this research started from the working hypothesis stating that the implementation of the strategy promoted by the concept "IAAF Kids' athletics" in the primary school physical education lessons could contribute to a major change in the children's understanding and practice of track and field events and to a much faster integration of all pupils. At the end of the research, the concept of team work was received very well by the pupils, the children forming real teams.

The science behind the products

What is it like to be an integral part of a real scientific team?

Gamificación en Formación en Empresas

Se presenta la experiencia del uso de herramientas de gamificación, concretamente LEGO® Serious Play®, para la impartición de cursos, ventajas e inconvenientes. Esta herramienta ayuda en el desarrollo de la creatividad. En el caso de formación para empresas donde ellos ya lo han visto casi todo, es una manera de transformar el aprendizaje y servir como nexo de unión en el desarrollo de diferentes actividades. A continuación se expone la experiencia de los autores en el desarrollo de un análisis de debilidades y fortalezas del departamento comercial de una empresa de moda española con 104 tiendas en la península Ibérica.