Real Stakeholders Research Articles

Hybridisation and circulation of models in Tianjin’s former concessions

ABSTRACT The Italian and Wudadao districts in Tianjin, China, are two of the former foreign concessions established in the city during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Listed as historic sites in the late 1990s, they are now undergoing a rehabilitation process mobilised by various municipal agencies. These former concessions have become the most emblematic examples of urban regeneration and exotic heritage reutilisation in Tianjin. In this paper, we examine the preservation and rehabilitation of the former concessions from the perspective of hybridisation. In particular, we analyse the heritage trajectories of the former Italian and British concessions to identify the critical elements and forces that have shaped them. What influence did international actors have in their preservation, restoration and transformation? How did the public authorities position these districts in regard to the cultural context? How did their values and criteria evolve? What models were implemented, and how were they appropriated by local actors? We will show how this semi-colonial heritage has been integrated by the local authorities, real estate stakeholders, conservation associations and residents to produce transnational places that transcend geographies and borders.

Political Issues of the Louvre's Internationalisation

This article focuses on the internationalisation of the Louvre since the 2000s. A flagship of French culture, it is, along with the British Museum in London, the universal museum of reference. The French state, through successive governments, has mobilised the Louvre, that is, the institution, as an intermediary in international agreements. This museum and cultural institution then become a real stakeholder in international relations. Thus, the whole point of our remarks is to analyse the issues and controversies surrounding the close relationship between the Louvre and the French State. The Louvre, a renowned French museum and heritage site, is now multi-spatial. This model responds in part to a request from the French government to perfect the interplay of international influence. The internationalisation of the Louvre is thus understood not as the Louvre's reputation on an international level, but as the use of this heritage in international political strategies. By approaching this case in French international relations, we can first of all question the stakes of the transition from heritage to National Branding. In other words, to understand how in contemporary literature, heritage is transformed not only as a tool to retrace the past of a society, but also how it becomes an emblem that can be mobilised by States to claim a form of legitimacy from other States. The method, which is essentially based on interviews conducted within the framework of these, aims to answer two questions. What does the deterritorialisation of a national heritage such as the Louvre produce regarding international relations between the Louvre, the city of Abu Dhabi and in relations between France and the United Arab Emirates, then the impact that the Louvre Abu Dhabi can have at the local and regional level.

Andrea Chiricescu, Who Are the Real Stakeholders of a Nominated UNESCO Site? A Glimpse into the Contextualisation of a Rather Scientific Approach to World Heritage Nominations

At the current time Romania, as a state, has set up a mechanism to implement the nomination procedure for the Dacian Limes on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as part of the FRE – Frontiers of the Roman Empire. While drafting the nomination and the management plan, the issue of different categories of stakeholders should be discussed and activities should be planned accordingly. In order to plan a series of activities a thorough analysis should be made, to establish who are the stakeholders of such an endeavour, when and how they should be addressed, what roles and responsibilities they have within the current process and within the management of the future World Heritage Site. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive approach to the subject, it is just the beginning of a deeper and more thorough study of the issue, bringing some examples of small-scale good practices, the lesson’s learned by other countries and raising questions to be answered in the future.

Social network analysis as a methodological tool to understand university-industry dynamism in enhancing the HEI curriculum – a case of the Nigerian oil industry

ABSTRACT This article applies social network analysis (SNA) as a methodological tool to investigate University–Industry (U–I) dynamism within the context of the Nigerian oil and gas industry. It examines the roles multiple stakeholders should play in enhancing an up-to-date curriculum in higher education institutions (HEIs). Based on stakeholder theory, participants were categorised into real stakeholders, stakewatchers and stakekeepers. Drawing from documentary evidence and 28 semi-structured interviews, three main themes emerged from thematic content analysis: (1) curriculum dynamism and the need for curriculum modification, (2) tutor-practitioner interaction and (3) issues surrounding U-I dynamism. Findings revealed that the present curriculum is not in tandem with current industry requirements, and the level of interactivity between the industry stakeholders and universities is low, thus having a knock-on effect on the dynamicity of the HEI curriculum. Further tests revealed that industry stakeholders occupy the position of global centrality within the network rather than government who are the regulators; a network density of 0.86 was obtained, mainly consisting of industry stakeholder groups while HEIs largely accounted for the residual unconnectedness (14%) within the network.

A review of experiments in tourism and hospitality

Well-designed and executed experiments prove cause-and-effect relationships. The ability to draw causal conclusions is critical to knowledge development in any field of research. In this article, we discuss the benefits of experimental designs over alternative research approaches for the social sciences, discuss advantages and disadvantages of different types of experiments, review existing experimental studies specific to tourism and hospitality, and offer guidance to researchers who wish to conduct such studies. Properly executed experiments using actual behaviour of real stakeholders as a dependent variable lead to conclusions with high external validity. Our discussion of practical implementation issues culminates in a checklist for researchers. The article launches the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on experimental research in tourism and hospitality.

Práticas restaurativas no ambiente escolar visando a desjudicialização de conflitos e enfrentamento da evasão escolar

The objective of the present research was to verify how Restorative Justice can help in school conflicts, as well as to verify the possibility of using restorative practices in face of school dropout. From this, it is concluded that the application of Restorative Justice within the school can reframe the reality of adolescents in conflict in school environment, generating responsibilities, giving voice to the real stakeholders in the resolution, avoiding that their conflicts are solved by third parties – that in some cases, do not even know the reality of that environment - and, allowing the involvement of the entire school and family community in cases that can be solved without judicial action, arousing in the student the interest in remaining in that school environment and preventing entry into crime. For the development of the work, it was necessary to use the bibliographical research technique, through which analyzes and readings of doctrines and articles on the subject addressed, as well discussion in the Group of Studies on Restorative Justice in Centro Universitario Campo Real in Guarapuava/Parana.

CPEC’s Utility and Concerns under OBOR Initiative: A Pakistani Industrial Perspective

This study emphasizes the utility and concerns of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on various sectors of Pakistan’s economy through the lens of real stakeholders. Specifically, this study focuses on three aspects: the beneficiary of CPEC; CPEC’s effects on employment, GDP, foreign direct investment and personal income in Pakistan; and the concerns regarding Pakistan’s sovereignty. A qualitative research approach was adopted to explore the objectives of the study. To analyze these aspect, in-depth interviews from different Pakistan’s business community are conducted. Our study finds that CPEC will not only beneficial for both Pakistan and China, but also for other neighbouring countries in the region. To validate these findings, interviewee’s data is analyzed in the light of semantic analysis approach. Our study illustrates that, the development along the corridor will produce employment opportunities that will raise the income level of a common person of Pakistan, and the industrial growth in Pakistan through CPEC will have a positive effect on the country’s GDP. Our study also concludes that CPEC doesn’t pose any threat to Pakistan’s sovereignty. The stakeholders of CPEC are concerned over the intentions of Pakistan government; that need to be clarified. This research study also suggests the maximum benefits out of this mega venture.

The role of prosumers in supporting renewable energies sources

The present study is a part of an on-going Horizon 2020 project, named “SCORE” (Supporting Consumer Co-Ownership in Renewable Energies), which focuses on sustainable cities and communities developments goal. Particularly, this project aims at (1) overcoming usage of energy from fossil sources in favour of renewable sources, (2) increasing the energy efficiency and (3) reducing the energy consumption. Since the first project’s task was completed, i.e. identification and description of different case studies, the next one is to propose for each of them several retrofit alternatives, in order to address the above mentioned “SCORE” purposes. In this framework, the main goal of the present study is to select and rank the relevant evaluation criteria, with the aim at building an evaluative matrix, which later makes possible to analyse the feasibility of the different case studies and choice the best retrofit alternative through a Multi-Criteria analysis (MCA). The criteria were pre-selected through a literature reviews, while the final selection took place by organizing a specific working group composed by real stakeholders. The results show how the role of the working groups (one composed by energy experts and the other by evaluation experts) were fundamental since the application of the playing card method allowed to (i) select and rank the set of relevant evaluation criteria and (ii) associate a weight for each evaluation criteria. Finally, it was decided not to aggregate the results of the two expert groups in order to show and consider the difference in stakeholders’ point of view.

Změny nastavení rodičovského příspěvku v Česku a jejich možný dopad na reprodukční chování

Childcare leave schemes are one of the key measures that affect the ability of women and men to balance their work and family lives. Both the length of the parental leave period and the amount of the benefit have the potential to shape the timing of a subsequent birth. Important changes have been introduced into the Czech parental benefit scheme over the last 10 years in terms of both the scheme's flexibility and the monthly amount of the benefit, which has provided a unique opportunity for studying the links between the institutional conditions of parenthood and the behaviour of real stakeholders. Using data on births from the Czech Statistical Office and the parity-cohort analytical approach, we investigate changes in the spacing of second and third births among women who had their first or second child between 1986 and 2013. The results revealed an increase in the second- and third-birth rate during the second and third year following a delivery, together with a decrease in the second- and third-birth rate during the fourth year and later among mothers exposed to changes in the parental benefit scheme. These changes in reproductive behaviour noticeably coincided with the incentives that have been provided since 2008 by the increased flexibility of the parental leave scheme and the author argues that the option to increase the monthly amount of the parental benefit together with the flexibility of its use has contributed to the closer spacing of births, most notably among more educated women.

OP39 Adapting HTA To Suit Emerging Needs - An Australian Experience

IntroductionAustralia has a well-developed HTA system for approving, funding and disinvesting in medical services, but how does it cope when it assesses new or existing services when health system frameworks, policy and legislation do not keep pace? This presentation will present a number of case studies where HTA methods have adapted to suit emerging health needs of the Australian community.MethodsAustralia's HTA system has been adapted over recent years to allow it to perform HTA on novel services that do not fit into its standard HTA pathway to public funding. There has also been an increasing number of assessments where HTA has been unusually sponsored by the funder to assess priority health care needs.ResultsMore Medicare funding for addiction and sexual health consultation services are an example of a novel HTA which led to more public funding for these services. Limited evidence for these services was available and there was difficulty in demonstrating that increased public funding would lead to better outcomes for patients. A range of techniques, such as examining real world data and stakeholder views were partnered with HTA to assess these services. Currently, HTA is being utilised to assess a novel medical treatment known as the anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapeutic process. This is a complex, non-standard HTA which encompasses aspects of the Australian hospital funding system, Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and requires an adapted HTA process to assess evidence across a range of funder systems.ConclusionsAustralia's well established HTA system has adapted to become more agile to suit emerging health care needs for a range of interest groups, the government, sponsors and consumers. Consultation with stakeholders and the community have assisted in developing and refining these new processes.

Between Rome, Brussels and Spain. The Southern Netherlands and Franche-Conté ecclesiastical agency in the Policentric Monarchy of Philip the 2nd.

Entre Roma, Bruselas y España. La agencia eclesiástica de los Países Bajos y del Franco Condado en la monarquía policéntrica de Felipe II.El agente de los Países Bajos y del Franco Condado en la Santa Sede en época de Felipe II ha despertado poco interés entre los historiadores hasta éste momento. Sin duda, creemos que ello es debido a la aparente falta de relevancia de dicho puesto; sometido al embajador del monarca hispano, su margen de maniobra parecía reducido únicamente al seguimiento técnico y defensa de los asuntos eclesiásticos de los Países Bajos y del Franco Condado ante la curia romana. Sin embargo, una lectura atenta de las prácticas y las redes generadas por dicho agente nos permiten modificar esa lectura inicial. A través de las estrategias socio-profesionales del agente Laurent du Blioul, heredero de prácticas ya llevadas a cabo con anterioridad, la institución fue capaz de acrecentar su influencia en Roma. Nuestro análisis muestra de éste modo que el razonamiento y funcionamiento de dicho agente desborda los intereses únicamente de Bruselas, pues podemos considerar que el agente Laurent du Blioul fue un actor que defendió los intereses de toda una monarquía policéntrica.

Political Economies of Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean: The Decline of Venice and the Rise of England, 1450–1700. By Maria Fusaro.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xvi+408. $120.00 (cloth); $96.00 (Adobe eBook Reader).

<i>Political Economies of Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean: The Decline of Venice and the Rise of England, 1450–1700</i>. By Maria Fusaro.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xvi+408. $120.00 (cloth); $96.00 (Adobe eBook Reader).

A dog centred approach to the analysis of dogs' interactions with media on TV screens

Interactive technology for dogs is on the rise with there now being a whole TV channel supplying videos for dogs as well as several examples of interactive technology designed for the purpose of 'entertaining' dogs and other pet mammals. The Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI) research field has moved into the study of such technologies having earlier focussed mainly on technologies for working animals where there are two main stakeholders, the dogs and the humans, and where there is an expectation often, that the dog is doing a certain task. In studies of what might be referred to as entertainment interaction, there is a need to understand what, if anything, attracts a dog's attention whilst being mindful that where the only real stakeholder is the dog, there may be some methodological considerations in regards to the level of control and the level of autonomy given to the dog in such studies. This paper presents a study of dogs' attention between three screens to explore the movement of attention between screens, and between videos in a relatively uncontrolled research environment. The study demonstrates that the method used, which was to be as 'dog-centred' as possible, yielded useful data. For the design community it is shown that the dogs were seen to attend mainly to a favoured screen (left and centre in this case) and three of the videos appeared to be preferred over the others. A method to test dogs viewing habits, favouring and following between three screens.When dogs are presented with three screens they do not have a media preference.Dogs have very low mean attention time to video demonstrating a preference to glance rather than focus.When confronted with three screens the dogs prefer to watch nothing over all of the videos shown.

Towards a process of agenda setting driven by social media

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an in-depth evaluation of how German and Austrian utilities use Facebook to engage stakeholders, including a look at the objectives pursued with the use of Facebook, addressed stakeholders as well as the provided information. German and Austrian utility companies are confronted with serious changes in the European energy sector. In this context, stakeholder theory emphasises the importance for utility companies to actively manage the relationships with the relevant stakeholders. Nowadays, a considerable number of these stakeholders might be addressed by using Facebook.Design/methodology/approach– The quantitative study includes 88 German and Austrian utility companies.Findings– Research findings indicate that Facebook is a common instrument in the German and Austrian energy sectors. It seems that so far, no real stakeholder dialogue has been achieved. Moreover, issues which deeply affect a wide variety of citizens are not emphasised on most Facebook accounts. Therefore, so far, the majority of utilities is not using the full potential of Facebook.Originality/value– By developing a process of agenda-setting driven by social media, the paper contributes to the existing literature and gives practical implications for public and private entities in the energy sector.

Developments in the Apartment and Urban Real Estate Laws in India

Condominium laws in India have been in existence since 1963, with the earliest condominium legislation in the state of Maharashtra. Most states in India have their own separate legislations for condominiums; however, the principles upon which these state legislations rest are based on the Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulation of the Promotion of Construction, Sale, Management and Transfer) Act, 1963. In recent times, there have been efforts to revamp the rights and obligations of apartment owners, real estate developers and other stakeholders through the Maharashtra Housing (Regulation and Development) Act, 2012 and the Real Estate (Regulating and Development) Bill, 2013, which was passed by the Indian Parliament in March 2016.This paper is divided into three parts. The first part argues that while different states have their own respective state laws relating to the transfer and administration of condominiums, such states follow the same principles developed in the State of Maharashtra and for all intents and purposes, there exists a standardised set of rules relating to the transfer and administration of condominiums. The second part of the paper ‘Overview of Apartment Laws in India’ describes the development of apartment laws in India including a detailed discussion of the apartment ownership, transfer and administration law in India. The third section of the paper discusses a landmark judgment which laid the basis for wide sweeping changes in the way the real estate industry is regulated. It further discusses the salient features of the Real Estate (Regulating and Development) Bill, 2013, the proposed central legislation for the regulation and development of the real estate industry in India.

Reflections on Rights Discourse Among American Native Tribes and Indian Tribes: A Comparative Legal Study with Special Reference to Odisha.

Indigenous tribes have faced systematic alienation from their ancestral domain and common property resources in land, water and forest resources due to the application of Eurocentric Anglo-Saxon epistemology of positivism in counter opposition to the narratives of local traditions of the tribes based on customary law. This is true of the treaty concluding Native American tribes as well as the numerous scheduled tribes of India, who were ruled mostly by Ex-feudatory Chiefs under British paramountcy. The symptomatic similarities of resource appropriation lay in the structured political and economic designs of the colonial state system in the early part of American and Indian history. In the Post 1950’s phase it was the extension of earlier legal stereotypes that perpetuated this system to cause great impoverishment and marginalization of the tribal people. Contemporary history of tribal resistance movement therefore rejects the legal legacy of colonial state and demands the progressive inclusion of the right to self determination. It demands better compensation packages on an inter-generational basis, market rates and share-debenture stakes in assets lost, codification of customary rights and their eventual restitution, better resettlement and rehabilitation policy and legislative guarantees through Acts for tribal people experiencing involuntary displacement for public purpose takings under eminent domain laws etc. In fact the academic and activist militancy has forced the United Nations to pass important resolutions on Indigenous concerns and nation states are following suit. This trend has forced international donor and financial organizations to make the ‘equator principle’ mandatory for all project funding. Therefore any realistic attempt to integrate tribal ethos into development praxis must sincerely begin the exercise by making the tribes real stakeholders at the core of the processes of development rather than mute spectators standing on the powerless periphery.

Growing Corruption

In this age of globalization, where economic motives precede over all virtues and traditions, protection of larger public interest from great corporate scandals has become matter of great concern. Faced with cut-throat competition, fraudulent conduct, illegitimate dealings and corrupt practices have become the norm. The exposes that have surfaced recently in the public and corporate domain have made a serious dent into the country’s image and in Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, 2012, India ranked 94 out of 176. The issue, then, is one of the biggest challenges facing the country. What can be done? The political class has failed to tackle the issue, the complicity of the bureaucracy is an open secret and the corporate houses seem to be hand in glove with the unscrupulous. The answer has to come from the lesser mortals, the ordinary people who are the real stakeholders. Against this backdrop there is need to understand and strengthen the framework of whistle blowing. The paper attempts to understand a typical whistle blowing pattern and develop a model based on empirical studies. It also underscores the need to encourage and protect whistle blowers, thereby facilitating the creation of a whistle blower-friendly organizational culture.

A DIFFERENT VIEW OF THE WOUNDED VALLEY

The Kashmir question is felt by many to be beyond resolution. As many again regard it as a situation wherein the status quo of on-going violence is now a ‘conflict industry’ with too much vested interest in play for any genuine avenues of negotiation to be pursued. The Kashmir Valley seems to have joined the long list of often forgotten Balkanised stories about unresolved hostilities written around the themes of geopolitics and jingoistic nationalism. The psychotherapist Justine Hardy looks at the question from another point of view, that of the psychological state of the people of Kashmir, the real stakeholders in any possible agreement between Pakistan and India over the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. She presents the case for adding another approach to those that appear to have stalled along the way.

The Linkage Between Competitive and Operational Advantage and Entrepreneurship within Australian Real Estate Franchises

Out of 37,000 enterprises operating within the Australian real estate industry, well over 50% of those are franchised outlets suggesting franchising popularity. The study collectively extends the franchising literature through semi-structured interviews with six leading real estate stakeholders, specifically focussing on three distinct yet interdependent areas of interest. Bound together in a contractual agreement, the franchisor and the franchisee form a strategic alliance which benefits both parties and enables each to be entrepreneurial. The study highlights the relevance of ownership potential as a key motivational force behind entrepreneurs choosing to franchise and stresses the importance of development of culture as a key consideration in brand strength for franchisors and nurturing good managerial talent to provide strong leadership for franchisees.For the franchise to be successful, the research points to linkage between competitive advantage and efficiency arising out of correct implementation of business systems, training systems, recruitment of good operators and adoption of innovative strategies. The use of technology and specifically internet has revolutionised the real estate industry however, in acknowledging this, the study concludes that its scope of use and correct application are the keys to reaping greatest benefits. There is evidence to suggest that divergence in formation of franchise models to adopt a less formal approach to franchising is on the rise in some areas of Australian states. It is envisaged that this research will enhance an understanding of the rationale behind the insurgence of hybrid franchise models and thus bear great significance to the industry.

Housing preferences and development study in the post LPG era in India: a case of Pune

Significant changes have been observed since 1991 in the nature and pattern of urban growth in India. Cities are in the midst of restructuring space, in terms of both use and form. The city of Pune is selected for primary field case study of urban housing and development scenario. Pune is one of the selected half a dozen urban agglomerations experiencing the developmental effects of liberalisation-privatisation-globalisation (LPG) process the country is undergoing since 1991. The analysis includes profile of the city, various facets of residential development, a detailed primary survey of households and real estate stakeholders. The paper concludes with key observations on residential real estate development and on the other hand suitable lessons are learnt from the housing preference study to establish the need for alternative sustainable urban development pattern for Pune in particular and other similar LPG affected Indian metropolitan cities in general.