Real Service Research Articles

Evaluation of Solidification and Interfacial Reaction of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-In Solder Alloys in Copper and Nickel Interfaces

Although there are studies devoted to lower Indium (In) addition, Sn-Bi alloys containing 10 wt.% In or more have been barely investigated so far. Higher In contents may offer the potential for improved joint production, better control over the growth of interfacial layers, and enhanced mechanical strength. The present article focuses on the solidification, wettability, adhesion strength, and interfacial intermetallic growth in the Sn-40%Bi-10%In alloy soldered on Cu and Ni pads. SEM-EDS, wettability tests, and tensile tests were performed. The contact angles were measured in Cu and Ni as 24° and 26°, respectively. Indium addition promoted coarsening of the as-solidified microstructure due to an increase in the alloy solidification range. The Bi spacing was increased at least three times, with a strong segregation of Bi towards the interface. The formation and growth of alloy/Cu reaction layers were also evaluated under the different aging conditions of the as-soldered joints, simulating real service. A growth kinetics model of the reaction layer showed that In increases the activation energy, thereby reducing the layer growth. The adhesions of the formed intermetallics films in Cu and Ni were analyzed using tensile tests. It was observed that the alloy/Ni couple exhibited better adhesion. Premature fracturing appears to happen in the alloy/Cu joint due to the higher intermetallic compound’s (IMC) thickness, rough morphology, and coarser microstructure. Both ductile fracture features with dimples and cleavage zones associated with Bi, Cu6(Sn,In)5, and Ni3Sn4 intermetallics were observed.

Review of aging mechanisms, mechanical properties, and prediction models of fiber‐reinforced composites in natural environments

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites are widely used in civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, and medical sectors. However, these composites undergo aging due to factors such as temperature, humidity, load, and so on, during their usage. As a result, their performance deteriorates, and predicting their durability under real service conditions is a significant challenge. In order to better understand the durability of fiber‐reinforced composites, this article summarizes their microscopic aging mechanism under natural aging conditions and analyzes the changing rules of tensile, bending, and shear properties of composites under seven typical climate types, including tropical desert climate, temperate continental climate, temperate oceanic climate, Mediterranean climate, seasonal climate, tropical rainforest climate, and seawater immersion. This article reviews various durability prediction models, such as the Arrhenius model, prediction models based on residual modulus of elasticity and residual strength, and median strength regression analysis. To enhance the accuracy of aging life prediction during the natural aging process of composites, it is important to consider the influence of loads under real service conditions, incorporate different climatic types, utilize comprehensive mechanical property indices, establish an equivalent conversion relationship between natural aging and accelerated aging, and create a database with unified test standards.Highlights The aging mechanisms of FRP after exposure in natural aging environments are discussed. The tensile, bending, and shear properties of FRP after exposure under seven climate types are discussed. The predictive models are proposed for the FRP used in natural aging. The future research needs are proposed for the FRP used in natural aging.

A Novel Method of Using Machine Learning Techniques to Protect Clouds Against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks.

The term "cloud computing" describes a method of providing hardware- and software-based services over the internet. This allows users to access their data and apps from any device. The benefits of cloud computing include scalability, virtualization, access to user assets, lower infrastructure costs, and flexibility. However, one drawback is that it is susceptible to distributed denial of service attacks, which occur when multiple computer systems collaborate to target a particular resource, website, or server. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks present a serious risk to computer networks and constitute a major cyber security challenge. This results in a denial of service for end users, as a result of false connection requests, a flood of messages, and twisted packets causing the system to slow down or even crash. Real people and services cannot access cloud computing. The issue of machine learning algorithms for identifying distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is explored in this article. In order to identify and defend cloud systems from harmful assaults, we developed a new machine learning approach in this work that is based on transfer learning. This study offers NSL-KDD datasets and two methodologies. There are two types of filters available: the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Filters and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, which reduces dimensionality. The features selected from each method were pooled using Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). We contrasted the results of several classifications. In terms of attack detection, LVQ-based DT performed better results as compared to other methods.

The relationship between customer satisifaction and SERVQUAL Gap model, Beibu Gulf Ports Group as case

As a logistics organization, the service quality would be considered as one of the evaluating standards of its service. However, it appears with the customers’ satisfaction. Customer satisfaction could be considered as a good way to attract the consumers in choosing and re-choosing such organization. To detect the service quality, SERVQUAL model would be a good choice because it starts from the expectation of the customers and the service perceived. It also divided into five dimensions as tangible, responsiveness, response, assurance, and empathy to test the service quality of an organization. In this model we can get the GAP of the service expectation and perceived in digital form then can find out the real service quality of the organization. Moreover, this research would use Beibu Gulf Port Group as the questionnaire participants (The customers who experienced the service of the group and the staff of the group). The model’s result would show how the service quality of testing sample and then offer improving or maintaining suggestion on it.

The impact of market competitors on the demand for reinsurance

PurposeAccording to the market competition theory, a firm’s decision-making is influenced by the behaviors or strategies of its competitors. The repercussions of competition include market-stealing and spillover effects. Relatively few studies in the reinsurance literature discuss the effect of competitors on an insurer’s decision-making. This study aims to fill a gap in the reinsurance literature by comparing insurers' reinsurance demand to their competitors' reinsurance purchases.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses unbalanced panel data for the US property-liability insurance industry from 2006 to 2017 to determine the impact of competitors' reinsurance purchases on insurers' reinsurance demand. This study employs the Mixed Effect Model and the Quantile Regression to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe evidence suggests that the affiliated reinsurance purchases of competitors have a positive and substantial effect on the affiliated reinsurance demand of insurers, crediting mimicking the reinsurance strategy. Interestingly, the market-stealing effect is supported while the non-affiliated reinsurance metric is used. Remarkably, given insurers with low non-affiliated reinsurance purchases, the finding sustains the mimicking reinsurance strategy. Nevertheless, the market-stealing effect remains a concern for insurers with a high non-affiliated reinsurance purchase.Originality/valueThe new findings concerning competitor effects analysis fill a void in the reinsurance literature. Risk diversification, capital substitution, and real services demand may play a crucial role in determining the market-stealing effect, leading to a decrease in market share. Insurers can mitigate the market-stealing effect of competitors by accessing expertise and capital substitution through non-affiliated reinsurance purchases.

Pelatihan pembuatan kerajinan tangan dari benang macrame pada anak-anak di Desa Wisata Sangurejo Kecamatan Turi Kabupaten Sleman

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) is a form of real student service to the community. KKN activities are expected to create a tough, superior, noble personality, and can be an extraordinary person when they are involved in the community, and have a leadership spirit. This KKN is located in Sangurejo Padukuhan, Wonokerto Sub-district, Kapanewon Turi, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. Sangurejo Tourism Village is one of the tourist villages located in Sangurejo Sub-Village, Wonokerto Village, Kapanewon Turi, Sleman Regency. The author's programme is Training On The Making Of Hand Craft From Macrame Yarn For Students Sangurejo Villages. The purpose of programme training is to increase creativity and create young entrepreneurship.

Pyrolysis mechanism of silicone rubber thermal protection system materials in service environment

The excellent oxidation and ablation resistance of silicone rubber thermal protection system (TPS) materials have made them extensively utilized in large-area thermal protection applications, such as ramjet engines and spacecraft reentry capsules, where air is present in the service environment. The ablation resistance is significantly influenced by the pyrolysis reactions, which serves as the foundation for subsequent ceramic transformation and the development of anti-erosion structures. The majority of previous research has been conducted in inert gas environments. To investigate the pyrolysis mechanism of silicone rubber TPS materials in realistic service environments, thermal analysis tests were performed using a range of analytical instruments including a thermal analyzer, mass spectrometer, infrared spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer from room temperature up to 1300 K in air atmosphere and compared with the results in argon atmosphere. The results demonstrate that silicone rubber TPS materials undergo both pyrolysis and oxidation reactions in air atmosphere. The primary pyrolysis of the matrix is attributed to cyclization reactions and side-chain cross-linking reactions. In comparison to argon atmosphere, the oxidation reaction produces a greater amount of organic gases, thereby diminishing the extent of cross-linking reaction and the thermal stability of the pyrolysis residue. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures allows for an extended duration of oxidation reactions, consequently diminishing the long-term thermal stability of TPS materials. The increase in mass of TPS materials at temperatures exceeding 1100 K can be attributed, in part, to the formation of new organic groups through oxidation reactions. The observed morphology of the residue, along with the weight gain from oxidation and SiO2 formation, promotes ceramic transformation of the materials at elevated temperatures.

Zero‐price effect and consumer welfare: Evidence from online classified real estate service

AbstractWe test whether the tendency to overvalue a free service over a paid alternative may lead to inferior economic outcomes. We examine data from an online classified real estate service in Israel that allows private and commercial owners to offer their real estate properties for sale and lease under either free‐basic or paid‐premium listing categories. Estimation results indicate a zero‐price effect in owners’ choice of a listing category. Moreover, although the vast majority of owners opt for the free‐ad category, the paid‐premium category generates increased buyer demand, greater transaction price, and decreased time‐on‐market—adding up to an average net benefit of about 3.5%–3.8% of the average transaction price (equivalent to about $12K–$13K). Outcomes are robust to a series of identification and test‐design issues.

Aerodynamic force correlation of a foundational streamlined box girder under vortex-induced vibration in turbulent flow fields

Study on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) performance of structures under vibration states in turbulent flow fields is closer to the essence of bridge VIV in real service environments, which has been lacking in existing research. The key parameter used in the VIV performance evaluation, vortex-induced force (VIF) correlation, was focused on in this paper. A foundational streamlined box girder was selected, and free vibration sectional model tests were conducted in turbulent flow fields using synchronous pressure-vibration measurement. The results indicate that turbulence have an impact on the VIV performance of streamlined box girder. The presence of turbulence is likely to decrease the VIV amplitude, but sometimes it may also increase it. The phase difference between the leading and trailing edges of the structural upper surface is approximately 100°, and the vortices on the upper surface do not drift continuously. The streamwise correlation of VIFs decreases to varying degrees with the increase in turbulence intensity. The aerodynamic force spanwise correlation when the structure is stationary is significantly weaker than when it is in a vibrational state. When the structure experiences sustained VIV, the spanwise correlation of VIFs decreases with increasing turbulence intensity, increases with increasing amplitude, and decreases with increasing spanwise distance and tends to be constant at a certain distance. Finally, an extended model based on Ricciardelli's correlation function was proposed, which can better describe the VIF spanwise correlation of streamlined box girders under different amplitudes.

외국인 유학생을 대상으로 한 앱 디자인 개발 제안

The purpose of this study is to propose a financial lifestyle app that can help both managing financial works and experiencing affordable places to eat and enjoy with consideration of users’ financial status for foreign students who feel difficulty of language barrier and financial difficulties. First, as a consequence of case analysis of related apps for foreigners in Korea, it was found that a number of services specialized for foreigners were provided, but there was no app specifically focusing on the whole process of foreign students’ life of studying in Korea. After conducting an in-depth interview, we were able to derive seven key requirements by making and classifying them with an Affinity Diagram. Based on the seven key requirements, a Persona and Scenario and User Journey Map were produced to confirm and list the requirements of each aspect. Based on this, ‘Cashjoy’ financial lifestyle app concept that is fun and easy to use was created and concludes with prototyping user interfaces of the app, looking forward to further research in the future with higher fidelity of protytype and turning it into a real service.

ОЦЕНКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ РЕМОНТОПРИГОДНОСТИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЙ ДОРОГИ

The methods of managing the information model of the road at the operation stage are presented. A comprehensive methodology for checking transport and operational indicators is shown. It allows to predict the condition of the road surface, to determine the probability of deformations and destruction during the operation of the road. A software module is presented for assessing the maintainability of the road, taking into account all key transport and operational indicators. Based on this module, one can calculate the real overhaul service life for certain sections of the road. In the algorithms of the developed program, data transmission at various stages of the life cycle is provided, the stage of creating a general data environment, interaction with the IFC attributes is laid. This approach ensures the interoperability of the information model of the road and allows to evaluate current condition and planned measures to eliminate construction flaws or defects formed during operation, which ensures the extension of the road service life. Popular rheological models have been investigated for predicting residual deformations of road clothing based on the analysis of various models of the soil behavior of nonlinear soil mechanics. It is revealed that the most adequate model is a model that uses the theory of hereditary creep, which takes into account the calculation of non -rigid road clothing, which is exposed to short-term load from moving cars. Some aspects of the maintainability of the road facility affecting the environmental and economic indicators of the environment are given.

Effective Identification and Authentication of Healthcare IoT Using Fog Computing with Hybrid Cryptographic Algorithm

Currently, Internet of Things (IoT)-based cloud systems face several problems such as privacy leakage, failure in centralized operation, managing IoT devices, and malicious attacks. The data transmission between the cloud and healthcare IoT needs trust and secure transmission of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). IoT-enabled healthcare equipment is seen in hospitals that have been implementing the technology for many years. Nonetheless, medical agencies fail to consider the security risk associated with healthcare IoT devices, which are readily compromised and cause potential threats to authentication and encryption procedures. Existing cloud computing methods like homomorphic encryption and the elliptic curve cryptography are unable to meet the security, identity, authentication, and security needs of healthcare IoT devices. The majority of conventional healthcare IoT algorithms lack secure data transmission. Therefore, fog computing is introduced to overcome the problems of IoT device verification, authentication, and identification for scalable and secure transmission of data. In this research manuscript, fog computing includes a hybrid mathematical model: Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Proxy Re-encryption (PR) with Enhanced Salp Swarm Algorithm (ESSA) for IoT device verification, identification, and authentication of EHRs. ESSA is incorporated into the PR algorithm to determine the optimal key size and parameters of the PR algorithm. Specifically, in the ESSA, a Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is integrated with the conventional Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) to enhance its global and local search processes. The primary objective of the proposed mathematical model is to further secure data sharing in the real time services. The extensive experimental analysis shows that the proposed model approximately reduced 60 Milliseconds (ms) to 18 milliseconds of processing time and improved 25% to 3% of reliability, compared to the traditional cryptographic algorithms. Additionally, the proposed model obtains a communication cost of 4260 bits with a memory usage of 680 bytes in the context of security analysis.

해외 이주 한인 대상 부동산 중개 서비스 디자인

해외 이주 한인 대상 부동산 중개 서비스 디자인

The spatial interlocking of commercial office real estate and advanced producer services: a central flow theory lens

ABSTRACT The paper extends geographical enquiry into the external urban relations described by central flow theory in an exploration of the roles of commercial office real estate (CORE) and advanced producer services (APS) as a conduit for inter-city flows of finance in corporate globalization. The analysis investigates and benchmarks the spatial overlap between these city-based service networks and uses this to consider how their respective servicing strategies influence international capital flows. We find that the networks are interlocked, as the connectivity in one network can significantly explain the connectivity in the other. Both CORE and APS services promote cross-border flows of finance. Cities providing multinational CORE and APS services are able to articulate direct as well as indirect inter-city capital flows and spillovers to non-service sectors.

Kontribusi Ekonomi Islam Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi

This research examines the contribution of Islamic economics to economic development through instruments such as Baitul Mal Wattamwil (BMT), sukuk, sharia banks and waqf banks. The method used is a literature study with secondary data analyzed using content analysis. The research results show that Islamic economics makes an important contribution to economic development in Indonesia. BMT increases employment opportunities and reduces poverty, sukuk plays a role in state financing and infrastructure, sharia banks contribute to financing the real sector and social services, while waqf banks empower the community's economy. Islamic economics is an alternative economic development that pays attention to moral and social aspects, not just growth.

Digital Transformation in Real Estate Services: Development and Implementation of the Housing Selection Platform

This article provides a detailed elaboration on the design and development of the Housing Selection Platform, an online platform that responds to current real estate market demands and integrates modern technologies. The paper comprehensively introduces the platform's system modules, including online housing rental, buying and selling, as well as related shopping mall experiences. The platform adopts a front-end/back-end separation and microservices architecture, making development efficient and the system easy to maintain. It also emphasizes performance optimization through technologies like Redis and has adopted the latest authentication and authorization measures for security. The article widely discusses the implementation of the system and the technical challenges faced, providing solutions such as API gateways and event-driven architectures. The conclusion revisits key learned points and successful experiences, predicting that the introduction of innovative technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning will drive the platform's development. The importance of user experience throughout the developmental process is emphasized, looking forward to how the Housing Selection Platform will continue to lead the industry in the future.

The Impact of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) on the Indian Commercial Real Estate Market: A Study of Investor Perception and Market Performance

The introduction of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in India has marked a significant evolution in the country's commercial real estate landscape. This paper examines the multifaceted impact of REITs on the Indian commercial real estate market, focusing on key dimensions such as liquidity, transparency, investor access, and market development. Firstly, REITs have enhanced liquidity in the commercial real estate sector by providing investors with a liquid avenue to invest in income-generating properties, thereby reducing the traditionally illiquid nature of real estate investments. This increased liquidity has facilitated capital flow into the market and stimulated transaction activity. Secondly, REITs have contributed to greater transparency in the Indian real estate market. By mandating regular disclosures and adherence to stringent governance standards, REITs have improved information symmetry between investors and property developers, leading to a more efficient allocation of capital and reduced investment risk. Thirdly, the introduction of REITs has widened investor access to commercial real estate assets. Individual investors, institutional funds, and foreign investors now have the opportunity to participate in the market through REIT investments, thereby diversifying their portfolios and potentially earning stable returns from rental income and capital appreciation. Furthermore, REITs have played a pivotal role in the development of the Indian commercial real estate market. Their presence has spurred the professionalization of property management practices, encouraged the adoption of international standards, and catalyzed the growth of ancillary industries such as real estate services and financial advisory firms.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN: Peran Struktur Modal, Pertumbuhan, dan Kepemilikan Institusional

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Capital Structure, Company Growth, Institutional Ownership Structure on Company Value. The population used in this research was 86 property and real estate services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange with a sample of 15 companies and 5 years of observation with a total sample of 75 data. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive analysis. The object of this research is the Property and Real Estate Sub-Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. Data collection was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis techniques used are classical assumption testing, panel data regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of this research conclude that simultaneously, capital structure, company growth and institutional ownership structure have a positive effect on company value in property and real estate services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period, whereas partially capital structure does not influence on company value in property and real estate services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period, company growth has a positive effect on company value for property and real estate services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period , and it was concluded that the institutional ownership structure had no effect on company value in Property and real estate services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. The results of this research suggest that the company should increase the effective use of assets so that the company's share price can increase and be able to generate the expected profits. By increasing profits, the value of the company will also increase. This can attract the attention of investors to invest.

Defi nition of probability of refusal and average actual resource of details of cars at substandard value of an intercontrol operating time

The offered technique of definition of probability of refusal of a detail of the car and its average actual resource, allows to define values of these parameters not only at the standard intercontrol operating time established in the specifications and technical documentation, but also taking into account a casual deviation of their specification caused by real service conditions of the car.

Job Satisfaction and Staff Performance in Esit Eket Local Government Council of Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

With the general unemployment rate estimated at over 32% and youth unemployment at over 50%, Nigeria is a country of few opportunities and occupational mobility is more or less non-existent. It is widely believed that most people who work in the civil service, especially at the Local Government Councils do so not because they enjoy it but because that is what is available. This study investigated job satisfaction amongst employees of Esit Eket Local Government Council and its relationship with their performance. Using a survey research method, the researchers administered a questionnaire to the entire staff population of 256, of which 246 representing 96.09% were correctly completed and returned. The findings of the study revealed that there is job satisfaction amongst the workers as evidenced by the low staff turnover and exit rate from the sector and that there is a significant relationship between Local Government employee job satisfaction and performance. Contrary to the negative social constructs associated with public staff at the Local Government Councils, they are performing real services of value which ensure political stability as well as accessibility and affordability of key citizen services. To sustain and increase the satisfaction level, the study recommended that the government should carry out innovative improvements to the working conditions of staff at Esit Eket in a way that is enriching and gives room for value creation, such that innovation and creativity now attract key rewards such as promotion, to sustain staff satisfaction.