Real-life Model Research Articles

Comparison of theoretical deformation with real life model of a steel bridge span

The article presents the selection process of a static system and optimization for steel bridge span. The issue was addressed as an entry to a BRICO 2017 contests in designing steel bridges. The proposed solutions were checked in terms of their bearing capacity, technological assembly and economics. General guidelines for geometry selection were described. The designed construction was produced and tested under load to determine the deflection in both vertical and horizontal plane. Furthermore, the article details the joints and technological issues met during the design process. Theoretical calculations and actual measurements on a real life model were compared. The process of structural design of civil engineering structures is a complicated, time consuming multilayered issue. The key to a good design lies in a compromise between esthetics, functionality, capacity exhaustion and technical possibilities.

Design and Implementation of a Smart Controller in Agriculture for Improved Productivity

Agricultural produce significantly depends on many crop parameters such as humidity, pH, temperature, sunlight, microbial activity, soil ions, air quality, and water quality. A higher production of crop can be achieved via maintaining all these parameters in the desired range. A smart system was developed to control the environmental parameters in the desired range via incorporating a multisensor to measure the parameters such as humidity, temperature, and sunlight; in addition, also a suitable controller was designed to control these parameters in the desired range. Sensors were placed to continuously monitor the field parameters such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, and soil moisture. All these parameters were remotely acquired using ZigBee to PC through myRIO boards. Fuzzy-based controllers were designed to operate the actuators to maintain the set point. The designed system on implementation was tested on a real-life model. The results show that the proposed technique maintained the parameters at the desired state and reduced human intervention and labor.

Idiorrhythmic Regionality, or How to Live Together in Sarah Orne Jewett's Country of the Pointed Firs

The story of “poor Joanna” in Sarah Orne Jewett’s Country of the Pointed Firs exemplifies “idiorrhythmic regionality”: a conception of regionalism as a transcultural, transnational, and irreducibly cosmopolitan relationality. It juxtaposes fictional Shell-heap Island with its real-life model, the Whaleback shell heap—a large deposit of oyster and clam shells created by many generations of Native American peoples. The Whaleback heap preserves intact the matter lodged within it—including vestiges of natural, prehistoric, and Native American life accumulated over a millennium. In this way, it figures as a unique archival mechanism that assembles in a single place seemingly incongruous temporalities and forms of life whose spatiotemporal coexistence disrupts evolutionary distinction, ontological priority, and historical linearity. Embedding Joanna in the scientific debates and corporate decisions surrounding the Whaleback’s constitution and destruction reformulates traditional definitions of literary regionalism, and postulates idiorrhythmic relationality as a novel theory of region.

Healthcare Sciences Academy 57357 “Learning to Teach”: a real-life model for capacity building of health care professionals in developing countries

In the 10 years since the inauguration of Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) 57357, >10 000 patients have been enrolled, including patients from every district in Egypt as well as other countries from the Middle East and North Africa region and from greater Africa. ![Figure][1] Our

Redefining Learning: Kolb's Theory of Learning Styles with Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

This study attempts to bridge David Kolb’s theory of Learning Styles Howard with Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences to overcome criticisms to both. The necessity to sequentially achieve Kolb's four learning stages (concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation) and their respective preferred combinations are discussed as an onset. Succeeding that is an analysis of Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences which claims intelligence to be one of eight types of independent arenas of competence, all independent of each other (linguistic. analytical, musical, bodily, interpersonal and intrapersonal, spatial and naturalist). Both theories suffer from certain drawbacks. For instance, Kolb’s theory has sufficient empirical support but lacks scientific backing while Gardner's theory is bereft of empirical support but founded on clinical research on central nervous system. Utilizing a combination of both theories the study examines possibilities to improve quality of education, training and pedagogical advice. The purpose of this study is to examine both theories in detail so as to isolate unique concepts both scientifically accurate and empirically compelling with the intent to formulate a compound theory through active use of pragmatism and quality control. The paper further presents a real life model to overcome impediments faced by the two theories and proposes revisions in learning techniques to facilitate absorption of knowledge and synthetization of information in general educational practice at both amateur and professional level. Keywords: education, learning styles, learning theory, multiple ıntelligences, pedagogical.

Effect of perturbation in the numerical solution of fractional differential equations

The equations describing engineering and real-life models are usually derived in an approximated way. Thus, in most cases it is necessary to deal with equations containing some kind of perturbation. In this paper we consider fractional differential equations and study the effects on the continuous and numerical solution, of perturbations on the given function, over long-time intervals. Some bounds on the global error are also determined.

Postcolonial Literature and World Englishes: A Corpus-Based Approach of Modes of Representation of the Non-Standard in Writing

The present study investigates the representation of non-standardised varieties of English in literary prose texts. This is achieved by creating and annotating a corpus of literary texts from Scotland, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. The analysis addresses two major topics. Firstly, the extent of representation reveals clearly distinct feature profiles across regions, coupled with varying feature densities. Feature profiles are also relevant to individual characters, as certain traits such as social status, ethnicity, or age can be signalled by linguistic means. The second topic, accuracy of representation, compares the features observed in literary texts with descriptions of the actual varieties, and suggests that representations of varieties may differ from their real-life models in the sense that highly frequent features may be absent from texts, while less frequent but more emblematic ones, or even invented ones, may be used by authors to render a variety of English in their texts.

Three dimensional tumor models for cancer studies.

It is well recognized that one of the major drawbacks of using traditional two dimensional cultures to model the living systems is inaccurately reflecting the physiological manner in which modulators, nutrients, oxygen, and metabolites are applied and removed. Moreover, the two dimensional culture system poorly reflects how different cell types interact with each other in the same microenvironment. Since the first global development of three dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques in the late 1960s, this last decade has seen an explosion of studies to promote 3D models in the fields of regenerative medicine and cancer. The recent surge of interest in 3D cell culture in cancer research is attributable to the interest in developing closer to real life models. The ability to include various cell types and extracellular components reflect more the physiological conditions of tumor microenvironment. In this short review, we will discuss different approaches of 3D culture system models and techniques with a focus on the 3D interactions of cancer cells with stromal cells in the goal to reevaluate old and develop new therapeutics.

Revisiting Molloy, Malone meurt/Malone Dies and L’innommable/The Unnamable ed. by David Tucker, et al

European ethics. The book addresses the quasi totality of Semprún’s oeuvre. The chapters,“Exile and Identity,”“Politics and the Encounter with History,”“Representing Buchenwald,” “Writing the Other,” and “Europe,” explore elements of Semprún’s “testimonial idiolect”(92): multilingualism (his use of German at Buchenwald to help him survive and his choice of French as second maternal language); literary citations/ allusions as means of deepening ethical commitment (Baudelaire, Claude-Edmonde Magny, Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald); painterly references (Patinir,Vermeer,Velásquez, Picasso) to depict “liminal” (84) self-positioning between freedom and hell; and philosophical critique of “radical evil” (75), via Kant, Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Levi, and Levinas. Semprún’s witnessing of the dying of others at Buchenwald, such as sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, is given special attention. Tidd shows how“proximity” (121) with death and horror, but also a desire to restore“intimacy”(131) to the other’s dying, often led Semprún to associate fiction and fact. A character in his novel Le grand voyage (1963), “le gars de Semur” who dies in Gérard’s arms as they arrive at Buchenwald, is an early fictional“homage”(131) to real-life model François L., moribund prisoner whose identity Semprún must adopt to evade his own death in Le mort qu’il faut (2001). The gendering of “self-other” relations (34) is carefully examined, with reference to Beauvoir’s Le deuxième sexe. Semprún“rarely recognizes the situation of women in Europe or the role played by women philosophers, politicians and writers” (161). Women in his trauma writing play the role of Baudelairian “passante” (136), “supporting and stabilizing the identitarian quest of the male subject in his experience of exile and/or his return from Buchenwald” (42). Tidd gives special developmental emphasis to one passante, however, whom Gérard of Le grand voyage encounters before and after her deportation. Her gaze conjures the “utter loneliness and abandonment” (136) of the Jews, spurring Semprún toward an “infinitely open and polyphonic discourse which pays homage to the annihilated Other” (141). Tidd describes Semprún’s work as “a space of historical coincidence and clandestine encounter” with others, as he struggles for “self-transcendence” (166). His writing leads him to espouse a Europe intent on avoiding a repetition of the mortal legacy of Nazi and Soviet totalitarianisms. The book is a convincing articulation of Semprún’s development as European writer of trauma and alterity. University of Kansas Van Kelly Tucker, David, Mark Nixon, and Dirk van Hulle, eds. Revisiting Molloy, Malone meurt/Malone Dies and L’innommable/The Unnamable. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2014. ISBN 978-90-420-3880-6. Pp. 316. 72 a. Given the status of Beckett’s mid-century trilogy of novels, Molloy, Malone meurt, and L’innommable, as landmarks of twentieth-century fiction, and as a central achievement within Beckett’s own storied oeuvre, it is certainly a great lack in recent Beckett 272 FRENCH REVIEW 90.3 Reviews 273 scholarship that there are so few collections of critical essays available on these monumental works, of the kind published by Harold Bloom’s famed series in the 1980s. This lack is acknowledged by Tucker in his introduction to the newest edition of Samuel Beckett Today/Aujourd’hui, as he reflects on the fact that the current methodologies dominant in Beckett studies today—such as the archival interest in Beckett’s notes and letters, historical and political approaches, and an interest in overlapping media—have often neglected these novels from Beckett’s middle period. They were read with great closeness, perhaps even seemingly exhausted, by critics in the past few decades, when largely philosophical interests reigned, but critics today have mainly moved on to other of Beckett’s works, whether the early novels, or later productions for stage, radio, and television.And so, Tucker asks,“can any of the current ways of mapping other works in Beckett’s oeuvre also make new paths through these novels? What, in summary, might contemporary criticism have to say about the trilogy?”(19). The answers are to these questions, as evidenced by the essays collected here, are overwhelmingly positive and suggest that there is still much new light to be...

The Digital Twin: Realizing the Cyber-Physical Production System for Industry 4.0

Concerning current approaches to planning of manufacturing processes, the acquisition of a sufficient data basis of the relevant process information and subsequent development of feasible layout options requires 74% of the overall time-consumption. However, the application of fully automated techniques within planning processes is not yet common practice. Deficits are to be observed in the course of the use of a fully automated data acquisition of the underlying process data, a key element of Industry 4.0, as well as the evaluation and quantification and analysis of the gathered data. As the majority of the planning operations are conducted manually, the lack of any theoretical evaluation renders a benchmarking of the results difficult. Current planning processes analyze the manually achieved results with the aid of simulation. Evaluation and quantification of the planning procedure are limited by complexity that defies manual controllability. Research is therefore required with regard to automated data acquisition and selection, as the near real-time evaluation and analysis of a highly complex production systems relies on a real-time generated database. The paper presents practically feasible approaches to a multi-modal data acquisition approach, its requirements and limitations. The further concept of the Digital Twin for a production process enables a coupling of the production system with its digital equivalent as a base for an optimization with a minimized delay between the time of data acquisition and the creation of the Digital Twin. Therefore a digital data acquisition approach is necessary. As a consequence a cyber-physical production system can be generated, that opens up powerful applications. To ensure a maximum concordance of the cyber-physical process with its real-life model a multimodal data acquisition and evaluation has to be conducted. The paper therefore presents a concept for the composition of a database and proposes guidelines for the implementation of the Digital Twin in production systems in small and medium-sized enterprises.

Jorge Semprún: Writing the European Other by Ursula Tidd

Reviews 271 conceptions of their history (ch. 1), their geography (ch. 2) or their culture (ch. 3). He thus argues that within these works“est ainsi remis en question tout discours dont la fonction principale est d’inscrire le moi dans un même social et culturel en lui fournissant des repères fixes, dans le temps et l’espace”(261). In his final (and longest) chapter, Thibeault examines how individual protagonists reconstruct (or fail to reconstruct ) ties with the various collectivities that those analyzed in his first three chapters rejected (historical, geographical, and cultural), while managing to avoid falling into traditional reductive self-definitions based on those collectivities. Thibeault demonstrates how the individual comes to define himself or herself in relation to others by a multiplicity of connections within the social space:“À l’individu prisonnier d’un même identitaire d’autrefois succède désormais ‘l’individu social’, c’est-à-dire l’individu qui,par ses multiples connexions,constitue à lui seul un espace de sociabilité” (357).Although he deconstructs the traditional cadres in which identity is constructed, Thibeault does not argue that these cadres are no longer important. Throughout his analyses, he points to ways in which individuals define themselves within and against these cadres through their interactions with others, but always (when they are successful) by living those interactions in the here and now. He thus argues convincingly that “l’identité collective devient elle-même plus dynamique et, avec le mouvement identitaire de ses membres, est à même de se (re)contextualiser selon les réalités mondiales auxquelles, par les voies de communication planétaires, elle ne peut échapper” (373). His overarching argument refutes alarmist discourse related to the loss or dilution of communal identities in a globalized world. Instead, Thibeault proclaims that identities constructed in the here and now of human social relationships allow for an enriched sense of personal identity that carries historical, geographical, and cultural influences while emphasizing, above all, individuals’ shared humanity. Elon University (NC) Olivia Jones Choplin Tidd, Ursula. Jorge Semprún: Writing the European Other. Oxford: Legenda, 2014. ISBN 978-1-907747-00-7. Pp. 198. £55. Tidd explores how Semprún—in exile after the Spanish Republic’s fall, resister in France, Buchenwald deportee—crafted an innovative“Holocaust poetics”(166) where he “engages creatively with autobiographical form by mobilizing strategies of intertextuality , bilingualism, multiple aliases and complex narrative structures” (8). His upbringing predisposed him to a “supranational” Europe “respectful of diversity” (161). Solidarity with others at Buchenwald reinforced his transcultural commitment. Expelled from the Spanish Communist Party in 1964, his politics evolved toward “a vision of democratic socialism [...] in the post-Holocaust and post-Stalinist era” (149). Tidd elaborates the influence which Husserl and Levinas exercised on Semprún’s European ethics. The book addresses the quasi totality of Semprún’s oeuvre. The chapters,“Exile and Identity,”“Politics and the Encounter with History,”“Representing Buchenwald,” “Writing the Other,” and “Europe,” explore elements of Semprún’s “testimonial idiolect”(92): multilingualism (his use of German at Buchenwald to help him survive and his choice of French as second maternal language); literary citations/ allusions as means of deepening ethical commitment (Baudelaire, Claude-Edmonde Magny, Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald); painterly references (Patinir,Vermeer,Velásquez, Picasso) to depict “liminal” (84) self-positioning between freedom and hell; and philosophical critique of “radical evil” (75), via Kant, Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Levi, and Levinas. Semprún’s witnessing of the dying of others at Buchenwald, such as sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, is given special attention. Tidd shows how“proximity” (121) with death and horror, but also a desire to restore“intimacy”(131) to the other’s dying, often led Semprún to associate fiction and fact. A character in his novel Le grand voyage (1963), “le gars de Semur” who dies in Gérard’s arms as they arrive at Buchenwald, is an early fictional“homage”(131) to real-life model François L., moribund prisoner whose identity Semprún must adopt to evade his own death in Le mort qu’il faut (2001). The gendering of “self-other” relations (34) is carefully examined, with reference to Beauvoir’s Le deuxième sexe. Semprún...

On traveling wave solutions in general reaction–diffusion systems with time delays

We study the existence of traveling wave solutions in a general class of mixed quasi-monotone reaction–diffusion systems with time delays. First, by applying the Schauder Fixed Point Theorem, we prove the existence of a traveling wave solution between classically defined upper and lower solutions. For better applications of the upper–lower solution method on various real-life models, the existence result is further extended under weak form or piecewise smooth upper–lower solutions. In several reaction–diffusion systems with time delays (single-species logistic growth, N-species competition, and ratio-dependent predator–prey with Gompertz growth), we apply our main result to establish the existence of traveling wave solutions flowing towards the positive or coexistent states under reasonable conditions on ecological parameters.

Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets based Method for Multiple Criteria Decision-Making

Due to the huge applications of fuzzy set theory, many generalizations were available in literature. Atanassov (1983) and Atanassov and Gargov (1989) introduced the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs) respectively. It is observed that IFSs and IVIFSs are more suitable tools for dealing with imprecise information and very powerful in modeling real life problems. However, many researchers made efforts to rank IVIFSs due to its importance in fusion of information. In this paper, a new ranking method is introduced and studied for IVIFSs. The proposed method is compared and illustrated with other existing methods by numerical examples. Then, it is utilized to identify the best alternative in multiple criteria decision-making problems in which criterion values for alternatives are IVIFSs. On the basis of the developed approach, it would provide a powerful way to the decision-makers to make his or her decision under IVIFSs. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated with practical examples.

A Model-Based Strategy to Control the Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Simulate and Implement.

OBJECTIVE To reduce transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in an intensive care unit with interventions based on simulations by a developed mathematical model. DESIGN Before-after trial with a 44-week baseline period and 24-week intervention period. SETTING Medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS All patients admitted to the unit. METHODS We developed a model of transmission of CRE in an intensive care unit and measured all necessary parameters for the model input. Goals of compliance with hand hygiene and with isolation precautions were established on the basis of the simulations and an intervention was focused on reaching those metrics as goals. Weekly auditing and giving feedback were conducted. RESULTS The goals for compliance with hand hygiene and contact precautions were reached on the third week of the intervention period. During the baseline period, the calculated R0 was 11; the median prevalence of patients colonized by CRE in the unit was 33%, and 3 times it exceeded 50%. In the intervention period, the median prevalence of colonized CRE patients went to 21%, with a median weekly Rn of 0.42 (range, 0-2.1). CONCLUSIONS The simulations helped establish and achieve specific goals to control the high prevalence rates of CRE and reduce CRE transmission within the unit. The model was able to predict the observed outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study in infection control to measure most variables of a model in real life and to apply the model as a decision support tool for intervention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1-8.

A New Technique for Solving Transportation Problems by Using Decomposition-Based Pricing and its Implementation in Real Life

In this paper, we develop a new technique for solving transportation problems (TP) and develop a computer code by using mathematical programming language AMPL. There are many existing techniques for solving TP problems in use. By these techniques one has to determine initial basic feasible solution at first then improve this solution to determine optimal solution by another method. But this process is very lengthy and time consuming. By our technique we can determine optimal solution directly without determining initial basic feasible solution and optimal solution separately and we hope that this technique will provide an easier way than that of the other methods. We use the idea of decomposition based pricing (DBP) method to develop our technique. To our knowledge, there is no other paper which used DBP to solve TP. We demonstrate our technique by solving real life models developed by collecting data from a business organization of Bangladesh.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 45-50, 2016 (January)

Restarting iterative projection methods for Hermitian nonlinear eigenvalue problems with minmax property

In this work we present a new restart technique for iterative projection methods for nonlinear eigenvalue problems admitting minmax characterization of their eigenvalues. Our technique makes use of the minmax induced local enumeration of the eigenvalues in the inner iteration. In contrast to global numbering which requires including all the previously computed eigenvectors in the search subspace, the proposed local numbering only requires a presence of one eigenvector in the search subspace. This effectively eliminates the search subspace growth and therewith the super-linear increase of the computational costs if a large number of eigenvalues or eigenvalues in the interior of the spectrum are to be computed. The new restart technique is integrated into nonlinear iterative projection methods like the Nonlinear Arnoldi and Jacobi-Davidson methods. The efficiency of our new restart framework is demonstrated on a range of nonlinear eigenvalue problems: quadratic, rational and exponential including an industrial real-life conservative gyroscopic eigenvalue problem modeling free vibrations of a rolling tire. We also present an extension of the method to problems without minmax property but with eigenvalues which have a dominant either real or imaginary part and test it on two quadratic eigenvalue problems.

Bayesian-Style History Matching: Another Way To Underestimate Forecast Uncertainty?

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 175121, “Bayesian-Style History Matching: Another Way To Underestimate Forecast Uncertainty?” by Jeroen C. Vink, Guohua Gao, and Chaohui Chen, Shell, prepared for the 2015 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 28–30 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Current theoretical formulations of assisted-history-matching (AHM) problems within the Bayesian framework [e.g., ensemble-Kalmanfilter (EnKF) and randomized-maximum- likelihood (RML) problems] are typically based on the assumption that simulation models can reproduce field data accurately within the measurement error. However, this assumption does not hold for AHM problems of real assets. This paper critically investigates the impact of using realistic, inaccurate simulation models. In particular, it demonstrates the risk of underestimating uncertainty when conditioning real-life models to large numbers of field data. Introduction Improved simulation and history-matching techniques have still not cured the chronic ailment of systematically underestimating uncertainty in forecast results. This is because it is very easy to forget or ignore uncertain factors or model assumptions; also, the method used to constrain a model to historical data may excessively reduce uncertainties. In this paper, the authors highlight the fact that stochastic, Bayesian-style history-matching methods can very easily lead to unrealistically reduced uncertainty ranges in forecast results. The complete paper discusses Bayesian-style history matching and uncertainty quantification in detail. Large-Data Danger Stochastic history matching has two contrasting stages. First, one identifies a large number of uncertain model parameters in order to be confident that future field-production results will be contained within the range of forecast results associated with the prior model uncertainty. Second, when actual field data have become available, one uses large quantities of data to reduce this prior uncertainty. The reservoir engineer must decide not only which model parameters and field data to use, but also how many. The effect of increasing the number of uncertain model parameters is intuitively clear: Every parameter that has an impact on a specific forecast result will add to the uncertainty of this result.

Estimation of Influence of External Magnetic Field on New Technology Current-to-Voltage Transducers Operating in Protection System of AC Power Networks

High accuracy is required from devices operating in the measuring and protection systems of transmission lines during the transformation of signals. Their immunity to external fields is very important because it has a direct influence on the proper functioning of the protection system. In this paper, the electromagnetic current-to-voltage transducers, with coils designed and manufactured using a multilayer high-density interconnect printed-circuit board technology, are presented. The analysis of the influence of the external magnetic field caused by other devices on the proper functioning of the current-to-voltage transducer has been presented. The analysis of the electromagnetic-field distributions has been carried out using the 3-D field-circuit method based on the finite-element numerical method. The magnetic-field distributions and the induced secondary voltages for several different applications have been presented. The results have been compared with tests of real-life models.

Bi‐ocularity, the functioning mind of the psychoanalyst

Translations of summaryWith the use of clinical material the author discusses the importance of a ‘bi‐ocular’ mode of attentiveness, one pole of which rests on the psychic process of reverie and the other on ‘analysing’. This is necessary to foster the development of a psychic space in which experiences which were ‘in the shadow’ or unrepresented, can come to the fore and be given shape first pictorially and later ideationally. This requires staying with and fostering the ambiguity of the different times and spaces without collapsing them into the clear, logical and explanatory. It requires the psychoanalyst to make space for that which is ‘other’, other than just apparently here and now, and other than just ‘you and me’, while maintaining the analytic ‘fire’ in a situation in which there is ‘no model in real life’, a place maximally geared to that which is not apparent.

Eliminating amplitude death by the asymmetry coupling and process delay in coupled oscillators

Coupling mode plays a key role in determining the dynamical behavior and realizing certain system’s rhythm and function in the complex systems. In this work, the effects of the asymmetry and process delay in the coupling on the dynamical behavior are investigated. We find that both the asymmetry and process delay effectively reduce the region of the frequency-mismatch-induced amplitude death in the parameter space, and make the system to recover oscillation in the amplitude death regime so as to retain sustained system’s rhythm function. Furthermore, we show the asymmetry and process delay can destroy synchronization. Our results suggest that the asymmetry coupling and process delay are of crucial importance in controlling amplitude death and synchronization, and hence that their considerations are vital for modeling real life problems.