Real Intention Research Articles

Croatian iredentist-hegemonist policy according to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosniaks from 1878 to 1941

Since the first mention, Bosnia, unlike its neighbors, has been a country with a specific development of state institutions and legal institutes. Its statehood is characterized by a unique politogenesis marked by state-legal and territorial-political continuity and specific geopolitical challenges, which can be traced back to the early European and South Slavic Middle Ages. Its uniqueness has been tried many times throughout history primarily by external factors (eastern and western neighbors) expressed through various forms of irredentism, hegemonism, centralism, federalism, fascism, etc. Although there is a wide range of external factors that, either independently or in cooperation with internal political factors, tried to destabilize Bosnia (since 1878, Bosnia and Herzegovina), in the paper we focused on the Great Croatian political course, whose goals are Bosnia and Herzegovina and known to the “good Bosniaks” since the time of bans and kings, that all their cruelty would come to a special expression after the Austro-Hungarian occupation, that is, during the resolution of the Yugoslav issue. In this regard, we tried to open up and analyze the issue of Greater Croatia's hegemony and present its real intentions, often dressed in skillfully used diplomatic forms and phrases about the so-called the right to Croatian lands, the motherland, the constantly stressed threat of the “smallest” constituent people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc. In the paper, we analyzed the issue of Greater Croatia's hegemony and presented its real intentions, often disguised in skillfully used diplomatic forms and phrases about the so-called the right to Croatian lands, the mother-land, etc. When observing the above-mentioned question, we will focus on the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation, and by looking at the key issues of the first Yugoslav period, we will finish constructing a picture of the interference of Croatian politics in the internal affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We emphasize that by analyzing the Greater Croatian policy and all forms of its implementation on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we are in no way talking about the Bosnian Croats as a people, nor about the Croats as a people in Croatia, but only and exclusively about the ideologies, political projects and programs that have been implemented throughout the centuries, and they are still being planned and implemented to the detriment of Bosnia and Herzegovina and all its citizens, above all the Bosnian Croats, who are alienated by such a policy from their homeland Bosnia and Herzegovina and from their roots in that country, to which the neighboring country Croatia never had nor has any what a right.

A novel automated neural network architecture search method of air target intent recognition

Modern air battlefield operations are characterized by flexibility and change, and the battlefield evolves rapidly and intricately. However, traditional air target intent recognition methods, which mainly rely on manually designed neural network models, find it difficult to maintain sustained and excellent performance in such a complex and changing environment. To address the problem of the adaptability of neural network models in complex environments, we propose a lightweight Transformer model (TransATIR) with a strong adaptive adjustment capability, based on the characteristics of air target intent recognition and the neural network architecture search technique. After conducting extensive experiments, it has been proved that TransATIR can efficiently extract the deep feature information from battlefield situation data by utilizing the neural architecture search algorithm, in order to quickly and accurately identify the real intention of the target. The experimental results indicate that TransATIR significantly improves recognition accuracy compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods, and also effectively reduces the computational complexity of the model.

Crypto/Space: Computational parasitism, virtual land grabs, and the production of Web3 Exit zones

This paper explores how so-called ‘Web3’ blockchain projects are materially and socially constituted. A blockchain is an append-only distributed database. The technology is being hyped as applicable for a whole range of industries, social service provisions, and as a fix for economic disparities in communities left behind by mainstream financial systems. Drawing on case studies from our ongoing research we explain how, despite being virtual, Web3 projects are dependent on clearly defined spaces of production from which they derive their speculative value. We conceptualise this relationship as Crypto/Space, where space and blockchain software are mutually constituted. We consider how Crypto/Spaces are produced in three ways: 1) how project developers are adopting a parasitic relationship with host locations to appropriate energy, infrastructure, and local resources; 2) how projects enable ‘virtual land grabs’ where developers are engaging in land acquisitions, and associated displacement of local people, with no real intention to use the land for the declared purpose; and 3) how blockchain technology and speculative finance imaginaries are inspiring new anarcho-capitalist crypto-utopian ‘Exit zones’, often in the Global South. Far from being a zero-sum virtual game world, we argue that cryptocurrency projects are parasitic, often requiring predation on poor and otherwise marginalised communities to appropriate resources, onboard new users and enable favourable regulation.

Modeling High-Order Relationships: Brain-Inspired Hypergraph-Induced Multimodal-Multitask Framework for Semantic Comprehension.

Semantic comprehension aims to reasonably reproduce people's real intentions or thoughts, e.g., sentiment, humor, sarcasm, motivation, and offensiveness, from multiple modalities. It can be instantiated as a multimodal-oriented multitask classification issue and applied to scenarios, such as online public opinion supervision and political stance analysis. Previous methods generally employ multimodal learning alone to deal with varied modalities or solely exploit multitask learning to solve various tasks, a few to unify both into an integrated framework. Moreover, multimodal-multitask cooperative learning could inevitably encounter the challenges of modeling high-order relationships, i.e., intramodal, intermodal, and intertask relationships. Related research of brain sciences proves that the human brain possesses multimodal perception and multitask cognition for semantic comprehension via decomposing, associating, and synthesizing processes. Thus, establishing a brain-inspired semantic comprehension framework to bridge the gap between multimodal and multitask learning becomes the primary motivation of this work. Motivated by the superiority of the hypergraph in modeling high-order relations, in this article, we propose a hypergraph-induced multimodal-multitask (HIMM) network for semantic comprehension. HIMM incorporates monomodal, multimodal, and multitask hypergraph networks to, respectively, mimic the decomposing, associating, and synthesizing processes to tackle the intramodal, intermodal, and intertask relationships accordingly. Furthermore, temporal and spatial hypergraph constructions are designed to model the relationships in the modality with sequential and spatial structures, respectively. Also, we elaborate a hypergraph alternative updating algorithm to ensure that vertices aggregate to update hyperedges and hyperedges converge to update their connected vertices. Experiments on the dataset with two modalities and five tasks verify the effectiveness of HIMM on semantic comprehension.

The Deportation of the Poles to Kazakhstan: Ethnic Cleansing, Collective Suffering, and Cultural Assimilation

The paper explores and analyzes one of the darkest pages of the history of the Polish people linked to the deportation of the Poles from Ukraine in 1936 and from Ukraine and Belarus in 1940-1941 to Kazakhstan. The central argument of the study is that the deportation of Poles from their historical homeland was carried out based exclusively on their ethnicity. We argue that the real intention of the Soviet regime’s genocidal policy was not confined only to the collective punishment and extermination of Poles as a distinct ethnic group, but the regime also sought to subject the deported Poles to slave labor exploitation for profit and to forced Russification. The assumption here is that Poles were uprooted from their homeland not only for extermination, but also the Soviet regime considered Poles to be an important component of its nation building project and their assimilation into Russian-dominated society was on the totalitarian regime’s agenda. The theoretical basis of this study constitutes the concept of ethnification of Stalinism, yet we add another dimension to our research, namely we employ the concept of racialization as a theoretical underpinning of the study to further deepen our analysis and indicate how ethnic identity of Poles was racialized. The study draws upon archival sources and the extant literature on the history of deportation in the Soviet Union, specifically we increasingly focus on Polish deportees’ collective and individual experiences who went through horrendous dehumanization and brutalization in exile in various parts of Kazakhstan between 1936 and 1956.

MSD: Multi-Order Semantic Denoising Model for Session-Based Recommendations

Session-based recommendations which aim to predict subsequent user–item interactions based on historical user behaviour during anonymous sessions can be challenging to carry out. Two main challenges need to be addressed and improved: (1) how does one analyze these sessions to accurately and completely capture users’ preferences, and (2) how does one identify and eliminate any interference caused by noisy behavior? Existing methods have not adequately addressed these issues since they either neglect the valuable insights that can be gained from analyzing consecutive groups of items or fail to take these noisy data in sessions seriously and handle them properly, which can jointly impede recommendation systems from capturing users’ real intentions. To address these two problems, we designed a multi-order semantic denoising (MSD) model for session-based recommendations. Specifically, we grouped items of different lengths into varying multi-order semantic units to mine the user’s primary intentions from multiple dimensions. Meanwhile, a novel denoising network was designed to alleviate the interference of noisy behavior and provide a more precise session representation. The results of extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrated that the proposed MSD model exhibited improved performance compared with existing state-of-the-art methods in session-based recommendations.

Potential For Religious Exploitation of Conflict in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the problem of inter-religious relations seriously needs attention. Conflicts that use religious sentiment mostly exploit religious diversity to hide the real intention. The exploitation of religion in the form of falsifying religious identity is used as an effort to destabilize Indonesia, and religious interpretations are used as justification for discriminating against and dominating other religious groups, which is often found in conflicts in Indonesia. Potential adversaries likely use hybrid war to break unity and trust among Indonesians, to disintegrate the Republic of Indonesia and ultimately to control Indonesia's natural resources. Cross-institutional and civil group cooperation is needed to strengthen tolerance and affirm harmony in diversity, where Indonesian people embrace mutual understanding, care for diversity, and strengthen unity between people of different religions.

In-Sensor Tactile Fusion and Logic for Accurate Intention Recognition.

Touch control intention recognition is an important direction for the future development of human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, the implementation of parallel-sensing functional modules generally requires a combination of different logical blocks and control circuits, which results in regional redundancy, redundant data, and low efficiency. Here, a location-and-pressure intelligent tactile sensor (LPI tactile sensor) unprecedentedly combined with sensing, computing, and logic is proposed, enabling efficient and ultrahigh-resolution action-intention interaction. The LPI tactile sensor eliminates the need for data transfer among the functional units through the core integration design of the layered structure. It actuates in-sensor perception through feature transmission, fusion, and differentiation, thereby revolutionizing the traditional von Neumann architecture. While greatly simplifying the data dimensionality, the LPI tactile sensor achieves outstanding resolution sensing in both location (<400µm) and pressure (75Pa). Synchronous feature fusion and decoding support the high-fidelity recognition of action and combinatorial logic intentions. Benefiting from location and pressure synergy, the LPI tactile sensor demonstrates robust privacy as an encrypted password device and interaction intelligence through pressure enhancement. It can recognize continuous touch actions in real time, map real intentions to target events, and promote accurate and efficient intention-driven HMIs.

THE IMPACT OF EVASION OF CONTRACT SIGNING ON THE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF THE CUSTOMER AND THE PARTICIPANT IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

The purpose of the research. The article considers the issue of recognizing the participant who submitted the only application for participation in the procurement as a result of competitive methods of determining a supplier (contractor, executor) as an evader of contract conclusion. Proposals are made to improve the legislation on the contractual system in the sphere of procurement in terms of fixing the possibility of concluding a contract between the customer and the participant who evaded the conclusion of the contract in the absence of intent due to the occurrence of objective reasons. To achieve this goal, the authors analyze the practice of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia and its territorial bodies concerning the issue of the absence of intent of the participant from evading the conclusion of the contract. The scientific innovation of the work consists in the authors' attempt to comprehensively consider the legal regulation and law enforcement practice in the case of evasion of the sole participant of the procurement from the conclusion of the contract and the impact of this fact on the customer's ability to maximize the use of available resources allocated for the relevant financial year to meet the need for the acquisition of goods, works, services in a timely manner. Results. At present, there are numerous cases of failure of a procurement participant to sign a contract in a timely manner due to an unforeseen situation in the absence of a real intent to evade the conclusion of the contract. As a result of consideration of the case, the control body does not include such a participant in the register of unfair suppliers (contractors, executors), but also the possibility for the customer to conclude a contract with such a participant at the legislative level is not provided. In order to eliminate this gap, the authors propose to grant the relevant right to the customer to conclude a contract, fixing it at the legislative level.

Modeling the Factors Influencing Real Estate Purchase Intention and Decision in Vietnam: A PLS-SEM Approach in the Context of COVID-19

Modeling the Factors Influencing Real Estate Purchase Intention and Decision in Vietnam: A PLS-SEM Approach in the Context of COVID-19

A Privacy Protection Method Based on Trajectory Location Point Association

Location-based services (LBS) technology provides personalized services for users. However, private location information faces the risk of being leaked while users are enjoying the LBS services. In order to prevent this from occurring, this study proposes an anonymous privacy protection method based on trajectory location association, abbreviated as AS-AP, which considers the association between the user’s current location and the background information. The association between locations is mined from time and query preferences, and then fake locations and queries are generated as part of the anonymous interference requests. This conforms to the k-anonymity feature, which prevents attackers from inferring the user's real intent from the network information, thereby enhancing the credibility of network technology, and protecting data privacy. The experimental results indicate that AS-AP can provide more personalized privacy protection services while ensuring that users' sensitive data is protected.

Dual perspective denoising model for session-based recommendation

Session-based recommendation predicts the next interaction option for an anonymous user based on his/her short-term behavior records. A key challenge faced by session-based recommendation is the processing of noise information. That is, the precise identification of noise items and noise connections. Existing research typically follows two assumptions: (1) the latest interaction item is directly treated as the user’s real-time preference; (2) the temporal order relationship between items is directly treated as the user’s true interaction intention conversion pattern. These strict assumptions ignore two facts: (1) the items that the user accidentally clicked on also exist in the interaction session. (2) the connection edges caused by noise items or user interaction intention drift are also fused into the explicit sequential structure. To address the above two issues, we propose a new Dual Perspective Denoising Model for session-based recommendation called DPDM. Specifically, DPDM mainly consists of two parts: Noise Item Recognition Network and Noise Structure Reconstruction Network. The Noise Item Recognition Network removes noise items from the session through a sparse attention mechanism and virtual target representation. The Noise Structure Reconstruction Network composed of Sequence Module and Co-occurrence Module is used to mine users’ real interaction intention conversion patterns. The Sequence Module captures sequence relationships after removing noise items. The Co-occurrence Module eliminates noise connections by optimizing explicit interaction sequences with L0 activation regularization. Extensive experiments were conducted on three representative real-world datasets, and DPDM achieved positive results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the components in the model.

Certification bodies’ interpretation and application of the ISO 19011 audit process guidelines

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that third-party quality audits (TPQAs) facilitate performance improvement and give confidence to organisations concerning the process quality of services and products. However, because of inconsistencies and unethical practices often observed in the industry, organisations question the significance of TPQA. A perception exists that its initial purpose as an impartial tool ensuring quality of deliverables is no longer upheld. Hence, the need to determine and explain the influence of the ISO 19011 standard interpretation on the application of the audit guidelines in performing TPQA, to promote consistency in the audit process.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed document analysis of the ISO 19011 standard, followed by semi-structured interviews with certification managers (CBs) to gain insight related to their interpretation and application of the ISO 19011 guidelines.FindingsThe CBs interpret the ISO 19011 guidelines differently; hence, their application of the standard to compile their audit documents differ. Adherence to the principles of auditing particularly, integrity and independence were found as the core of the audit process while their disregard reflects failure of the real intent of auditing. The inconsistencies in the audit procedures and documents developed for auditors are ascribed to some CBs’ personal interpretations.Originality/valueThe study explores how the different interpretations of the ISO 19011 standard prevail and are perceived by the CBs and auditors. The findings aim to support standardisation and reduce the variations across and amongst the different CBs and auditors.

Comprehending irony via sentence-final particles by Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders

We examined the effects of sentence-final particles (SFPs) in comprehending different types of irony by Chinese-speaking children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We tested 15 children with ASDs, along with another 15 typically developing (TD) children. In our test, by manipulating the use of the prototypical SFP /a/, participants were required to judge the speaker's attitude and real intention in ironic utterances of 16 stories and to further explain the language phenomenon. The results of a three-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the two groups: first, children with ASDs performed significantly worse than did their TD counterparts; second, while TD children relied more on SFPs to understand irony of compliment, children with ASDs only performed better with SFPs in comprehending irony of criticism. The differences are discussed in relation to theory of mind, the frequency of utterance, and rules of cognition.

청동기시대 송국리문화기 입목수혈에 대한 새로운 접근

It is estimated that as relative importance of agriculture increased during bronze age, agricultural rituals became active. Finding empirical evidence is very difficult but Lee Jongcheol(2015;2018:2021) not only discovered various ritual elements based on tree pole pit in large settlements but also demonstrated origination of appearance of Korean totem pole during prehistoric-primitive age based on archaelogical data.&#x0D; However, in discussion about ritual surrounding tree pole pit, cases of Jinan Yeouigog site and Gimhae Yulhari site played the most leading role and thus it was necessary to figure out real intention. Actually, in cases of above both two sites, one tree pole pit was found but it seems that such tree pole pit is a facility attached to graveyard rather than medium connecting different area in settlement. In addition, when examining several similar cases in Daegu region, role of guiding boundary of graveyard and order of construction of graves seemed clearer. In big tree ritual which Lee Jongcheol argued, case that two tree pole pits are found together like the case of Daegu Dongcheondong site seems more dependable. Even the same tree pole pits differ in their roles depending on their location.&#x0D; The author of this paper pointed out that existing opinions which considered big tree rituals and Korean totem poles as separate origin and facility are problematic and shape of birds which is the most important element was embodied as the beak-shaped stone tool from the first period of Bronze Age. Big tree ritual and Korean totem pole are meaningful as inseparable heritage of agricultural culture during Bronze Age.

Place making, authenticity and behavioral intentions in a Chinese “ancient” town

Diseño/metodología/enfoqueBasándose en un contexto cultural chino y en un estudio de caso, este artículo exploró la creación de lugares turísticos en la “nueva ciudad antigua” y estableció un modelo empírico. Se utilizaron SPSS 23.0 y Smart PLS 3.0 para el análisis de datos, con el fin de examinar y verificar la relación entre las percepciones de la creación de lugares, las experiencias auténticas y las intenciones de comportamiento de los turistas en dichos lugares.PropósitoLa recreación moderna de lugares como atracciones turísticas patrimoniales es un fenómeno mundial. Partiendo de un contexto cultural chino y de un estudio de caso, este artículo examina y verifica el impacto de las percepciones de los turistas, las experiencias auténticas y las tendencias de comportamiento en dicha creación de lugares; los objetivos eran intentar crear una nueva escala para medir la autenticidad de la “nueva ciudad antigua” en el contexto chino y proponer medidas específicas de mejora.HallazgosLa investigación muestra que los visitantes chinos adquieren experiencias que perciben como auténticas cuando visitan una atracción artificial como una nueva ciudad antigua. Las dimensiones de autenticidad cultural, funcional, de producto, de valor y única se identificaron como dimensiones distintas de las experiencias de autenticidad de los turistas en una nueva ciudad antigua. Éstas constituyen una auténtica dimensión experiencial en un contexto típicamente oriental, que se explica de forma exhaustiva combinando la imagen de un tema cultural nacional con los elementos de construcción funcional creados por los lugares turísticos de una nueva ciudad antigua.Limitaciones de la investigación/implicacionesEste estudio exploró la relación entre la percepción de la creación de lugares, la experiencia de autenticidad y la intención de comportamiento, pero no analizó las relaciones entre las dimensiones de la percepción de la creación de lugares, ni entre las variables de la experiencia de autenticidad. Además, no se aprovechó la disponibilidad de información socioeconómica para buscar diferencias entre entrevistados con distintos atributos. Adicionalmente, en el contexto chino, la autenticidad tiene profundas connotaciones culturales y teóricas complejas, y el estudio de un solo caso no basta para dilucidar plenamente la importancia de este tema emergente.Implicaciones prácticasPara los productores de espacios, reforzar la construcción del entorno físico, el marketing y las escenas puede promover las experiencias de autenticidad de los turistas: la planificación y el diseño, el marketing y la mejora de las escenas promueve las experiencias de autenticidad funcional de los turistas; la planificación y el diseño, el entorno físico y el marketing mejoran las experiencias de autenticidad de los productos de los turistas; la planificación y el diseño, el marketing, el entorno físico y la mejora de las escenas pueden mejorar la percepción de valor de los turistas; se pueden crear experiencias de autenticidad únicas en el marketing y las escenas de las nuevas ciudades antiguas.Implicaciones socialesCiertos aspectos de la creación de lugares en las nuevas ciudades antiguas pueden mejorar la percepción de valor de los turistas. En primer lugar, puede reforzarse el sistema escénico de los lugares de interés, atendiendo a los sentidos visuales, olfativos y de otro tipo de los turistas. En segundo lugar, se puede crear un entorno físico que tenga un significado cultural étnico local para que tanto los residentes locales como los turistas puedan percibir el valor del lugar. En tercer lugar, el trazado racional de las nuevas ciudades antiguas debe establecerse y mantenerse mediante la participación continua de equipos profesionales de planificación y diseño. En cuarto lugar, las acciones diarias de marketing y gestión influyen en la experiencia de valor del turista.Originalidad/valorEn primer lugar, este estudio construyó y validó el modelo y la relación entre la “percepción de la creación de lugares, la experiencia auténtica y la intención de comportamiento,” lo que confirmó la importante influencia de la percepción de la creación de lugares en la experiencia auténtica de los turistas. En segundo lugar, basándose en el contexto chino, el análisis factorial exploratorio extrajo cinco dimensiones de la experiencia de autenticidad turística (autenticidad cultural, funcional, única, del producto y del valor), que enriquecieron las connotaciones de la experiencia de autenticidad. En tercer lugar, este estudio vinculó eficazmente las percepciones de los turistas sobre la creación de lugares, con la experiencia real y con las intenciones de comportamiento de los turistas.

Luís Fróis’s História de Japam: Rhetorical additions and the silencing of facts

This paper considers Portuguese Jesuit Luís Fróis (1532-1597) and his magnum opus the 5 volumes História de Japam, the first of the histories of the Jesuit mission in the archipelago by authors who took part in the evangelization of this country. Through close reading of this text and comparing it to fellow missionaries’ letters as well as Fróis own previous letters, the História is analysed. Following the advice of the pioneer of the mission, Francis Xavier (1506-52), anything unedifying was omitted from the missives and the missionaries’ letters from Japan continued to focus on the success of the mission, avoiding to mention the negative issues. In doing so the image of the mission was glossy which led to mission leaders such as Visitor Alessandro Valignano (1539-1606) and Superior of Japan, Francisco Cabral (c.1533-1609), to complain that the Jesuit’s letters contain errors and gave misleading information.I contend that Fróis not only attempted to rectify previous ‘errors’ made by earlier Jesuit epistolary accounts, and argue that his real intentions go beyond attempting to diminish over-enthusiastic reports and presenting a more accurate and complete picture of the Japanese mission. Fróis wrote with a clear agenda, sometimes deliberately altering information, and creating a narrative that suggested a more coherent and sequent enterprise than existed in reality.

Sources for the Study of Occupation Policy Regarding the Child Population in the Occupied Territories of the RSFSR (1941—1944)

The Great Patriotic War is a broad and multifaceted topic. One of the interesting vectors for studying this period is life in the USSR occupied by Nazi Germany and its allies. Behind the term “civilian population”, even in Soviet historiography, the concept of old people, women and children was formed. However, the issue of children, as the future generation subjected to the occupation of the USSR, is extremely important to consider from a special angle, since it is through the prism of the attitude of the Nazi leadership towards Soviet children, first of all, that Germany’s real intentions can be determined in relation to the future of the peoples of the USSR. This article examines sources stored in archives on the territory of the Russian Federation, collections of documents published in the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as Internet projects developed in the Russian Federation dedicated to the digitization and placement of thematic materials.

Mother Genetics

While I was thinking about how to write this brief article, I was looking for the most appropriate sequence of arguments to make my way to justification and acceptance in the consciences, but I ended up deciding to go to the point and simply say: "everything starts from Genetics". And, "Genetics is at the starting point of all intelligent and well-reasoned clinical practice" .... or at least, it should be. And I am convinced that it certainly will be. Although this is not a need for affirmation and self-convincement, and a statement of this caliber might at first be misplaced because of its possible self-centeredness and apparent lack of humility, nothing could be further from our real intention. The purpose of this paper is to show that we have been witnessing, for a couple of decades now, an unavoidable and urgent paradigm shift in the understanding of the health-disease balance, and that this is not an arbitrary statement, but is based on the robust logic of the literature and scientific evidence. Therefore, this paradigm shift requires special attention so that changes in the understanding of the origin of diseases occur more effectively, as we know that modern science advances rapidly, testing our ability to adapt quickly to all these changes. Along with technical changes, which are the easiest to perceive, there are changes in paradigms or models of thought, which often occur more silently and require changes in health care structures and models that are more difficult to implement, due to the complexity of daily life, and the need for re-education. This means that changes in habits and ways of thinking are required.

Діяльність державних органів влади щодо подолання безробіття в УСРР у 1920-х рр.

The purpose of the article on the basis of archival sources and scientific heritage of domestic scientists analyzes the experience of practical activities of state authorities to solve the problem of mass unemployment of the population of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, consistency, objectivity in the selection of facts and documents. Among the special methods used in the study should be called problem-chronological, historical-systemic, historical-typological. The scientific novelty of the article is to reveal the features of state policy and the activities of state authorities to overcome the unemployment of employees through the system of compulsory state social insurance. Conclusions. Having finally seized power in Ukraine, the Bolshevik leadership publicly declared the need to create an effective system of social support for especially vulnerable segments of the population. Of course, declarative slogans did not reflect real intentions and opportunities. Under the conditions of a debilitating civil war and economic devastation, it was quite natural to see a massive increase in the number of unemployed and a drop in the living standards of the population. This was especially exacerbated with the transition to a new economic policy. In the early 1920s a number of legislative initiatives were adopted to mitigate the unemployment situation. It was about the introduction of compulsory unemployment insurance at the state level. Insurance premiums paid by employers and employees were to become the financial basis for the payment of benefits to the unemployed. The implementation of this state policy on the ground relied on labor exchanges. However, excessive bureaucracy and a limited number of such institutions could not sufficiently solve this problem. The lack of funds for material support of the population was particularly acute, so the government was forced to look for alternative options: public works, in-kind assistance or the provision of various benefits. Active industrial construction, which began at the end of the 1920s, led to an increase in the demand for labor. In such conditions, the Party-Soviet leadership took a course to eliminate unemployment by administrative means, not recognizing as unemployed those workers who refused the job offered to them.