Real Estate Ownership Research Articles

More industrious and less austere than expected: evidence from inventories of agricultural workers in north-eastern Catalonia (1725–1807)

AbstractThis article studies the changes in ownership of real estate, livestock and objects belonging to agricultural workers in the region of Girona, north-eastern Catalonia, through the analysis of a sample of nearly one thousand postmortem inventories dated between 1725 and 1807. It shows that a sizable number of agricultural workers gained greater access to property rights in land and other means of production, as well as undeniable improvements in their consumption levels during that period. Regarding the latter point, comparisons with inventories of the lower classes in Great Britain and other areas of north-western Europe show that the differences are not nearly as radical as suggested by the stereotype often applied to Mediterranean areas. The article thus discusses the apriorisms that have led many researchers to reject the idea that an industrious revolution was possible in southern Europe, and vindicates the need to strengthen dialogue between historiographies.

Environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two historical mosques in historic Jeddah

The research reviews the environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two mosques in the historical area of Jeddah, Al-Shafi’i Mosque and Al-Mimar Mosque. Through the research methodology, the environmental and cultural sustainability of the two mosques in the historical Jeddah area were compared, as how they were treated and reused in different ways and the architectural elements were analyzed. The results of the research indicate that sustainability. The environment is rebuilding some walls, reducing waste by using existing walls, not using new materials as much as possible, and reducing the entry of solar radiation into the building through wooden windows (Roshan). As for cultural sustainability, it is through contributing to a pioneering project that achieves the rehabilitation of the mosque to increase the number of worshipers and its use by visitors and residents of the city of Jeddah to be a distinguished center for reviving the meetings of the people of old Jeddah and enriching the social environment. As for economic sustainability, it is through the financial return of commercial activities around the mosque, the creation of job opportunities for Saudi youth, and the work of a distinguished pioneering project to encourage government agencies and real estate owners in the historical area of Jeddah, to carry out similar projects that support the development and economic sustainability, and achieve the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030, as the most important recommendation for research.

Empirical evidence on the ownership and liquidity of real estate tokens

To better understand the potential and limitations of the tokenization of real asset markets, empirical studies need to examine this radically new organization of financial markets. In our study, we examine the financial and economic consequences of tokenizing 58 residential rental properties in the US, particularly those in Detroit. Tokenization aims at fragmented ownership. We found that the residential properties examined have 254 owners on average. Investors with a greater than USD 5,000 investment in real estate tokens, diversify their real estate ownership across properties within and across the cities. Property ownership changes about once yearly, with more changes for properties on decentralized exchanges. We report that real estate token prices move according to the house price index; hence, investing in real estate tokens provides economic exposure to residential house prices.

Procedures for Requesting Permission to Own Property for Non-Jordanian Foreigners

In this study, the researcher obtained the procedures for requesting permission to own property for non-Jordanian foreigners, followed by referring to the request for permission to own property for foreigners, as its articles were specified in the Jordanian legislation, especially Article (136) of it The required procedures, on top of which is the request for permission, which is submitted to the competent authorities, and accordingly, the researcher dealt with the position of comparative legislation from foreign ownership of real estate and the authenticity of the registration of real estate sale contracts in the transfer of ownership, and the researcher concluded his study with a set of recommendations and results.

A new approach for modelling techno-economic performance of integrated energy systems on district scale for informed decision-making in a multi-stakeholder context

To better support informed decision-making around renewable heating strategies on local scale, a new methodology was developed for simulating integrated heating scenarios. This paper proposes, describes and demonstrates the modeling methodology with a focus on a variety of KPIs, allowing a more inclusive evaluation of technical options, systems and scenarios. Key KPIs include system costs, CO2 emissions, mitigation costs and end-user costs and investments. Key function of the model is an in-depth cost analysis by a breakdown of costs among types of measures (home equipment, insulation, local equipment and infrastructure), cost components (investments, O&M, taxes, subsidies) and stakeholders (system, government, owner-occupiers, renters, real estate owners, grid operators and local entrepreneurs). The methodology was applied to a fictive Dutch neighbourhood according to the urban and building typology provided in the paper. The results of six scenarios show large variety in costs among scenarios with significantly higher costs than the reference scenario in all scenarios, with scenario ‘hybrid’ and ‘efficiency’ presenting the best potential of becoming cost-competitive with the reference scenario in 2030. The method is suitable for evaluating a wide diversity of settings and contexts.

The polarization of real estate ownership and increasing wealth inequality in Spain

Abstract Recent research has shown that differences in the distribution of real estate wealth across households are the most important explanation for cross-national variation in wealth inequality. We extend this line of research by looking at change over time and quantifying the importance of two opposing trends related to housing for wealth inequality: declining homeownership rates and increases in multiple property ownership. Our analysis is based on data from the Spanish survey Encuesta Financiera de Familias covering the period 2002–2017. We show how real estate ownership is becoming increasingly polarized: both the share of households without any property at all as well as the share of households with multiple properties is increasing. Decomposition models show, first, that inequality between homeowners and non-owners is becoming a more important component of wealth inequality between households. Second, whereas real estate that is not used by households as their main residence constituted a relatively small part of wealth inequality in 2002, its absolute contribution had almost doubled by 2017. We conclude that household investments in non-residence real estate are an important channel through which wealth inequality increased over time in Spain.

Načelo pouzdanja u Registar nepokretnosti i ugovorno sticanje svojine od knjižnog vlasnika - prvi deo

Under the so-called causal tradition system governing the transfer of property, in order to acquire property rights on immovable property under the contractual acquisition rules, the acquirer first has to conclude a legally valid contract with the real estate owner, and then enter the acquired property into the Real Estate Cadastre. The acquisition of the ownership right will not occur in case the registration was made on the basis of an invalid contract or in case the contract has been concluded with a non-owner (which is determined only after the registration). If the acquirer had disposed of the acquired right before the contract was cancelled, the right to acquire ceases to exist for all subsequent acquirers. Nevertheless, due to the legal effect of the principles of trust and security of legal transactions, a conscientious (bona fide) third party remains the owner or the holder of another real estate right (e.g. mortgage) that was acquired from the registered owner who was wrongly or incompletely entered into the real estate register. The principle of trust in real estate records refers to reliance on all legal data that can be established by inspecting the land registry or cadastral records, which are complete and trustworthy. A third party is conscientious (bona fide) acquirer if, in the circumstances governing the conclusion of the contract and the state of affairs in the cadastral records, he/she could not have had any reason to suspect or doubt the accuracy or veracity of data from the public cadastral records. In Serbian legislation and judicial practice, in order to maintain the presumption of conscientiousness (acting in good faith), it is necessary to check whether the person is a registered owner or an unregisted owner. Although such practice may call into question the effect of the principle of trust, the author considers it to be justified because the cadastral records are still not completely accurate. De lege ferenda, the principle of trust should apply to a conscientious (bona fide) acquirer. Conscientiousness entails the examination of the registered owner but, if the circumstances of the case cast any doubt on the accuracy of cadastral records, conscientiousness must also include the examination of the unregistered owner.

HOW THE REAL ESTATE MARKET PRICE IN ALBANIA WAS AFFECTED FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND UKRAINE WAR?

Since the early times, there has been an important relationship that exists between the performance of the real estate market and the economic condition of the financial system. Studies and analyzes on this connection in most cases have highlighted the progress of financial economic cycles, the stability of the respective indicators and the possibility of their improvement. This analysis of the consequences that the performance of these markets brings on economic and financial operators. The real estate market presents a number of regional and local markets that differ from each other regarding the level of prices and risk, also related to the efficiency of real estate investments, as well as its trends in different periods. Data on the real estate market in a given period are a critical indicator of the progress of a country's economy. The real estate market is an open market, easily accessible by anyone with sufficient liquidity to become a real estate owner. It turns out to have been very profitable for a large number of smart buyers who, by learning how to exploit market fluctuations, have gotten the best possible return on their investments. This study aims to analyze and compare the effects of the real estate market in the post-pandemic period and during the Ukrainian war.

Real Estate Ownership with Favors in Transition Countries

Real Estate Ownership with Favors in Transition Countries

Research on Housing Inequality in China—Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS 2018

Based on household data in CFPS 2018, this article uses empirical analysis methods such as descriptive statistical analysis, OLS and Logit regression, and Sharpley value decomposition to study the issue of household housing inequality in China. The research results show that the issue of household housing inequality in China is reflected in three housing level indicators: housing value, housing area, and whether there is real estate ownership. The housing level is affected by regional factors and family factors, and the contribution rate of each factor is different for different housing level indicators.

Modeling of housing stock sustainable reproduction and programs of renovation

The existing problems of unsatisfactory functioning of the housing and communal urban economy require additional efforts to ensure its sustainable operation at all stages of the life cycle of its reproduction, especially at the phase of operation of the housing stock. The problems of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of reproduction of residential real estate and housing renovation programs at the stage of operation of residential real estate from the standpoint of conceptual modeling of organizational and economic mechanisms are investigated. The purpose of this study is to model institutional mechanisms of sustainable reproduction of housing stock and renovation programs of housing stock at the stage of operation of residential real estate from the standpoint of conceptual modeling of organizational and economic mechanisms, theoretical approaches, practical and methodological recommendations based on cost management of eco-oriented life cycles of renovation, current and capital repairs in order to minimizing the cost of home ownership for cluster systems of residential property owners. Scientific results: development of conceptual approaches, theoretical models, organizational and economic mechanisms and scientific and practical models, as well as recommendations for sustainable reproduction of housing stock and renovation programs in conditions of increasing turbulence of the economy, focused on priority environmental and cost management and minimizing the cost of ownership of residential real estate.

Czy celowe jest wprowadzanie możliwości przenoszenia spółdzielczego własnościowego prawa do lokalu na podstawie umowy o dożywocie?

The cooperative ownership right to premises is a limited right in rem. Although since 31 July 2007 it is not possible to establish new cooperative ownership rights to premises, the existence of those that have been effectively established is not limited by any time limit. Authorized persons can dispose of them freely. Due to the fact that the premises being the subject of cooperative ownership rights are not real estate from the formal and legal point of view, they cannot be the subject of agreements that are used to transfer the ownership of real estate. This means that the cooperative ownership right to the premises cannot be transferred, in particular, on the basis of an annuity agreement. The analysis carried out in this study indicates that there are no obstacles preventing a change in the law aimed at creating the possibility of disposing of cooperative ownership rights to premises on the basis of an annuity contract. Such a change will remove the systemic inconsistency resulting from the fact that the cooperative ownership right to premises may be subject to transfer on the basis of a reverse mortgage loan agreement, and cannot be subject to transfer on the basis of an annuity agreement with a similar function. Creating the possibility of disposing of cooperative ownership rights to premises on the basis of an annuity agreement should not be limited only to the introduction of a provision to the Civil Code enabling the appropriate application of the provisions on annuity to agreements the purpose and effect of which is the transfer of the cooperative ownership right to premises in exchange for a commitment by its buyer to provide the seller with life support. Achieving the above-mentioned objectives of this amendment to the Civil Code, and in particular the proper protection of the interests of persons disposing of cooperative ownership rights to premises in exchange for a lifetime maintenance obligation, also requires consideration of amendments to some other acts, such as the Act on Housing Cooperatives and the Act on Land and Mortgage Registers and Mortgage. The changes in the legal status proposed in this study may improve the ability of older people to obtain care under civil law contracts.

Стилістично-естетична трансформація історичної забудови Києва внаслідок руйнувань під час Другої світової війни

The article is about the transformation into historical buildings in Kyiv caused by destruction during the WWII. The author analyses the losses of ruined architectural buildings and objects in 1941-1943, the damages to preserved buildings which have been reconstructed after the war. The architecture of pre-war buildings of Khreshchatyk, Prorizna, Luteranska, Instytutska and other central streets are compared in the article to the post-war architecture of the same streets. The style, the layouts of the streets, the architectural details, the quality of materials and constructions of separate objects are analyzed as well. The destruction of Kyiv during the World War II with the subsequent reconstruction of the city brought significant changes both in the appearance of entire streets and districts and in the architecture of specific objects of the historical buildings of the central part of the city. The streets that suffered from great destruction were significantly re-planned with a change in the architectural concept. Homestead development according to individual projects was replaced by the complex ensemble development in a single stylistic key. Architectural pathos of post-war buildings as well as entire ensembles have low quality of construction materials and works, which led to the gradual destruction. Regardless of the cultural and historical value of such ensembles as the post-war buildings of Khreschatyk, one can state a certain stylistic monotony, which is significantly inferior to the pre-war architectural diversity of Kyiv. Most of damaged Kyiv buildings were renovated with loss of architectural and decorative details. Other buildings were reconstructed. Such reconstructions mostly caused the loss of important architectural accents as towers, bay windows, gables and attics. Only a small number of houses were renovated without loss of decoration. Even fewer buildings were restored with reconstruction that improved their architectural expressiveness. The Second World War caused catastrophic consequences for Kyiv: tens of thousands of Kyivans died or lost their relatives, hundreds of thousands were left homeless, hundreds of buildings and structures were destroyed. But this is not the end of the tragedy of the war for Kyiv. As a result of the destruction of the city, a large-scale reconstruction of its central part was carried out. The complex building in the spirit of a single ensemble, the architecture of which bore clear features of the ideological propaganda of the communist regime was created. We can state the partial loss of architectural authenticity and aesthetics of the city historical buildings. Neither the economic, nor the political, nor the legal systems of the communist regime were able to create higher quality and highly artistic buildings in the conditions of total totalitarianism. In the absence of private ownership of real estate, all buildings of post-war Kyiv were repaired and reconstructed without taking into account their values and aesthetics. As a result, a significant proportion of the rebuilt objects lost a significant part of their decor and were distorted during the construction works. Key words: WWII, Kyiv, architecture, rebuilding, destruction, reconstruction, transformation, aesthetic.

Practical application of the principle of unity of the legal destiny of the land plot and real estate objects located on it

The issue of the rights of real estate owners protection is becoming more and more urgent, since various schemes for the alienation of such objects and the registration of property rights to them are being implemented in practice. This most acutely concerns the issue of legal regulation of land plots on which real estate objects are located. The purpose of this article is to conduct both theoretical and practical analysis of the unity of legal fate of the land plot and located on it real estate objects principle application. The legislation of Ukraine is based on the principle of the unity of the legal fate of the land plot and the real estate located on it, according to which the land plot follows the real estate, such provisions were contained in Art. 28 of the Land Code of Ukraine as amended in 1990; analogous to which are the provisions of Art. 120 of the current Land Code of Ukraine and Art. 377 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. As of today, there is a rule in the Land Code of Ukraine that in case of acquisition of ownership rights to an object of immovable property (a residential building (except for an apartment building), another building or structure), an object of unfinished construction located on a plot of land (except for state lands, communal property), ownership of such a plot of land simultaneously passes from the alienator (previous owner) of such an object to the acquirer of such an object without changing its purpose. In the event that the alienator (previous owner) of such an object owned a share in the right of joint ownership of a land plot, ownership of such a share is transferred to the acquirer of this object. This principle is also followed in judicial practice (in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the Supreme Court, and the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court), in particular, in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine dated April 13, 2016 (case No. 6-253цс16), dated October 12, 2016 ( case No 6-2225цс16), dated May 15, 2017 (case No 705/6917/14-ц), resolutions of the Great Chamber of the Supreme Court dated December 5, 2018 (case No 713/1817/16-ц), dated April 3, 2019 (case No 921/158/18), dated October 16, 2019 (case No 164/409/17), dated June 16, 2020 (case No 689/26/17). In judicial practice, there are many cases when, after acquiring ownership of real property, the user of the land plot appeals to the new owner with a claim for the dismantling of the property and the removal of obstacles to the use of the land plot. The thesis that the alienator of real estate, after committing the deed and transferring the rights to the immovable property to the acquirer, can demand from the new owner of the building that it be dismantled and moved in order to release the land plot of the alienator is absolutely untenable. Usually, disputes with such a subject are initiated by the prosecutor's office, ministries and agencies under which state enterprises are subordinated, or in the case of a change in the management bodies of enterprises. Otherwise, the principle of the unity of the legal destiny of the land plot and the real estate objects located on it will be violated. Thus, the fact that the new owner (real estate) does not have the rights to the land it is not a reason for dismantling or otherwise destroying the legally acquired real estate, but on the contrary, the rights to this land by virtue of the above principle should follow such an object.

E-Devlet: Service to the Turkish Citizen or a Tool in the Hand of a Centralized Government?

E-Devlet (officially E-Devlet Kapisi) is the Turkish equivalent of E-government. It is a digital environment that facilitates the relationship and the problem solving procedures between the Turkish citizens and their government. Citizens can subscribe with their identity number or TC kimlik numarasi using their mobile devices or computers in order to obtain diverse documents ranging from health care or student status verifications to real estate ownership certificates. Though the E-Devlet seems to be a magnificient invention for the ordinary people that lets them arrange these papers hasslefree, and this method is also widespread in the Western hemisphere, in the frame of a more and more centralized and authoritarian rule under the Muslim conservative AKP governments, it is feared to be a way of controlling the Turkish nationals. As the system is not only willing to serve the citizen but also tries to collect the maximum amount of data on them, the gathered information could be misused and turned against the taxpayers. This effort of congregating all personal facts and figures is likewise a challenge for those responsible of the technical background of the project as shown by a 2018 incident of breakdown when the site could not resist the Turks interested in their family trees published by the government on E-Devlet.

Real estate registers in Germany and Russia: Public credibility of data vs. bona fide acquisition of property

The article analyzes dogma, scientific concepts and judicial practice on the acquisition of immovable property in case of its unauthorized alienation in Germany and Russia. The author proposes to improve the Russian model of real estate ownership protection, which is based on German legal constructions. Reasonable the acquirer should check the powers of the counterparty (the title) and doubt them, for example, when the price of the contract is non-market. However, such logic is nonsense in the sphere of civil turnover of real estate, because the legislator establishes the presumption of registered rights and guarantees the credibility of the registry data. Registrars carry out a legal expertise of title documents, therefore, purchasers should not take the risk if the records in the registry are erroneous. There is no need to investigate the gross negligence of the purchasers, and this changes the approach to understanding their bona fide. The essence of public credibility of the real estate register should be reflected in Articles 8.1, 223, 302 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: the acquirer does not become the owner if he knows about the uncertainty of the register, or there are marks about an objection or a court dispute regarding the registered right of the alienator. Such public credibility is not conditioned by the will of the previous owner or the payments of the acquirer. The rules of unjustified enrichment (Chapter 60 instead of prescription possession under Article 234, paragraph 4 of Article 302 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) can be applied to balance interests, if the victim has economic losses, and the acquirer has not incurred costs. A transaction between a trusting acquirer and an unauthorized alienator means that there is no personal and economic identity between them (family ties, relations of a corporation with its sole participant, transformation of joint ownership into shared ownership between the same persons, etc.). Despite the absence in Russia of a mandatory notarial form of alienation of real estate and an abstract real contract, the legislator can transform the negative system of registration of rights and establish a fiction (the acquisition on the basis of public credibility of register, i.e. a partially positive or fiduciary registration system).

A bibliometric analysis of the first 20 years of the Journal of Corporate Real Estate

PurposeJournal of Corporate Real Estate (JCRE) is an international journal of repute. JCRE is an interdisciplinary journal focusing on corporate real estate management and caters to the needs of real estate owners and end-users. The journal's scope includes private and public sector corporate real estate owned and used by businesses to run their operations. This paper aims to analyze the journal's impact using bibliometric analysis from 1998 to 2017 on 380 publications.Design/methodology/approachThe network analysis is performed using VOSviewer software and Biblioshiny R studio. The mapping presents citation structures, coauthorship patterns, bibliographic coupling and other network analyses.FindingsThe results show that the journal is growing in terms of citations and impact. The findings document various mapping criteria and their summaries. Seven major clusters are identified to delineate the underlying themes of publications in JCRE.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper offers the original and first bibliometric analysis of the journal’s impact over the first two decades. The findings are relevant for researchers and real estate stakeholders.

КОНФЛІКТНІСТЬ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ РЕЄСТРАЦІЇ ЯК УМОВА ВИНИКНЕННЯ ПУБЛІЧНО-ПРАВОВОГО СПОРУ

The article is devoted to the study of the conflict of state registration as a condition for the emergence of a public legal dispute. The legal nature of state registration is determined, taking into account the determinant of conflict as a condition for the emergence of public legal disputes. It is noted that the development of justice in Ukraine should be aimed at strengthening the rule of law by ensuring access to justice, fair judicial procedures, independence, impartiality and professionalism of judges, as well as legal certainty, Uniformity of judicial practice and openness of judicial decisions, effectiveness of judicial protection. The article studies an opinion on determination of stages of development of legal conflict. The existing definitions of the concept of legal conflict have been analyzed, which is generally well-established in the doctrine of public law. A legal conflict is defined as a conflict between two or more actors based on the opposite or incompatibility of their interests, needs or values. The features of legal conflict are named: the connection of the conflict with legal relations, the presence of legal features of the subjects or the object of the conflict; the possibility of legal settlement; sectoral certainty of the conflict; the presence of legal consequences; the possibility of using coercive means in the conflict resolution process; conflict resolution through a special legal procedure. The doctrinal definitions of terms “registration”, “registration proceedings”, “state registration” were studied. The conclusion concerning the special character of the conflict of relations in the field of state registration is given, which is: that the improper exercise of authority by subjects in the field of state registration may violate not only the public rights of persons to properly carry out registration activities, but also the relevant rights, on the occurrence or implementation of which obstacles are created (ownership of real estate, the right to conduct business, etc.). The concepts of “foundation” and “conditions” of public-legal dispute are delimited. It is emphasized that the conflict of relations in the field of state registration as a condition for the emergence of public legal disputes is determined by the individual's interest in realizing, first of all, certain rights granted by law (rights to real estate, the right to carry out entrepreneurial activities, etc.), and not the rights to accept the subject of the authority of relevant decisions or actions.

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HOUSING POL ICY OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITY IN RESPECT OF THE "FORMER" IN 1917-1921 (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CITIES OF THE TAMBOV PROVINCE)

The article deals with the problems of regional peculiarities of housing policy at the initial stage of the formation of the Soviet state in 1917-1921 in relation to the so-called representatives of the "exploitative" strata of the urban population. The processes of nationalization and municipalization of housing property of the "former peole" in the cities of the Tambov province, the problems of implementing the new Soviet housing policy were investigated. The basis of the research source base consists of materials from the archives of the Tambov region, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.The study led to the conclusion that the large owners of urban real estate in the governorate have lost their rights to their property. At the same time, the issue of alienation of immovable property of the "bourgeoisie" in the cities of the Tambov governorate during the study period could not be fully resolved. In the course of municipalization and nationalization, the authorities faced a number of problems. In some cases, during the implementation of the new housing policy, they were forced to be guided not only by class, but also by pragmatic motives. Representatives of the "exploitative" classes in the cities of the province during the revolution and the Civil War tried to use various mechanisms to avoid eviction and consolidation, while maintaining more comfortable housing conditions in comparison with other social groups of the provincial urban population.

Political, legal and religious conflict in Montenegro – genesis, course, last clash

Abstract Contemporary Montenegro was created as a result of the break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Although this country was for a short time an integral part of Serbian Republic and functioned on the international arena as the so-called new Yugoslavia, Montenegrin society decided in a referendum to proclaim independence in 2006. Despite the fact that the separation took place in a peaceful manner, the frozen conflict between these countries slowly began to intensify. The areas it covered were legal, political and especially religious issues. The dispute reached its climax during the Covid-19 epidemic, when the Montenegrin authorities put to a parliamentary vote a draft of the Law on Religious Freedoms, which would de facto deprive all property of the Serbian Orthodox Church that has been operating in Montenegro for centuries. This led to mass protests by the indigenous Serb population identifying with the Serbian Patriarchate. The regulations against which the supporters of the pro-Serb opposition protested provided that religious communities would have to prove the transfer of ownership of real estate and land they had acquired before 1918, when Montenegro became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes – a state created after the World War I, which was renamed Yugoslavia on January 6, 1929. The main goal of the article is to present the genesis and development of the conflict summarized above, as well as to show its legal, religious and political consequences not only for the Montenegrin state, but indirectly for the entire region. The article consists of two main parts. The first one covers a short description of the Montenegrin nation/regional/ethnic group with the general problem of its identity outlined. The second describes the genesis, essence and recent events of the Serbo-Montenegrin conflict, which is taking place on the legal, political and cultural-religious level. The text includes an introduction and final conclusions.