Real Characteristics Research Articles

Simulating of radar signals of unmanned aerial vehicles for non-Gaussian distributions of complex amplitudes

The structure and functioning algorithms of the simulator of radar signals reflected from small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been developed. A specific feature of the simulator is the ability to generate arbitrarily correlated signal implementations of the radar input influence for the cases where the random amplitude of the reflected signal (RS) has a Rayleigh, Nakagami, Weibull or lognormal distribution. Analytical expressions are presented for calculating the parameters of the probability density function, as well as generating samples of the random amplitude of the RS with a given distribution law from the samples of the initial implementations of the Gaussian process. Provision is made for normalizing the RS average power to the average value of the modeled target RCS and a specified correlation time for fluctuations of RS complex amplitudes is ensured. The parameters of the generated RS implementations correspond to the values of real radar characteristics of small-sized UAVs obtained experimentally. The application of the proposed simulator is to analyze the effectiveness of newly developed and known UAV detection algorithms using the mathematical modeling method.

Real world characteristics and outcomes of patients with BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer in Australia: The COALA project.

70 Background: BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents a unique molecular subset with poor prognosis and less responsiveness to chemotherapy. The BEACON CRC study demonstrated that encorafenib plus cetuximab (EC) significantly improved overall survival (OS) compared to FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in BRAF-mutant mCRC as 2 nd or 3 rd line therapy. This combination was reimbursed in Australia from January 2022. Methods: We analysed data from the Australian TRACC mCRC clinical registry, encompassing patients (pts) with BRAF-mutant mCRC diagnosed in Australia from 2009 to 2024 at 31 hospitals. We assessed baseline demographics, uptake of EC following reimbursement and efficacy analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) and OS for pts that received EC and those who did not. Pts receiving EC on a clinical trial were excluded. Results: Among 2,800 pts with known BRAF mutation status, 365 (13%) were BRAF mutated. The BRAF mutant cohort had a median age of 63 years, with a significantly higher mutation rate in the 20-39 age group than other age groups (age 20-39, 25.5%; age 40-59, 10%; age 60+, 13.2%; P<0.001); 54.5% were female, 58% right-sided tumours, 64% with synchronous metastatic disease and 21.7% deficient mismatch repair (dMMR). Overall, 314 (86%) pts with BRAF mutant tumours and 2,079 (85%) BRAF wild-type (WT) tumours received 1 st line treatment, and 156 (43%) BRAF mutant and 1,144 (47%) BRAF WT pts received 2 nd line therapy. The median OS from diagnosis was 17.3 months for BRAF mutant pts versus 34.7 months for BRAF WT pts (p < 0.0001). All dMMR BRAF mutant pts received 1 st line pembrolizumab since its reimbursement in August 2021. Among 41 BRAF mutant pts progressing on 1 st line therapy since January 2022,(32 pMMR, 9 dMMR), 33 (80%) were subsequently treated with EC, and 4 (10%) did not receive further treatment. OS from the start of 2 nd line therapy was 9.6 months (95% CI: 7.2-12.5) for pts who received EC and 7.1 months (95% CI: 6.4-8.6) for those who received other systemic treatment. Median PFS for pts receiving EC was 4.6 months (95% CI: 3.4-5.8) and 3.3 months (95% CI: 2.5-5.3) for other 2 nd line treatments. Conclusions: mCRC pts younger than 40 have a high rate of BRAF mutation, where 1 in 4 tumours harbour the mutation. BRAF mutant mCRC has a poorer outcome than BRAF WT despite a similar proportion receiving 1 st and 2 nd line treatment. The majority of eligible BRAF mutant mCRC pts received EC following reimbursement in Australia, with PFS and OS outcomes consistent with the BEACON CRC trial.

Quantitative non-destructive evaluation analysis and characterisation of microcrack detection based on carbon steel weld under alternating current field measurement

ABSTRACT Nondestructive testing of microcrack in welding seams is a key and challenging task in nuclear industry to evaluate material properties. The real magnetic characteristics of welds and stress redistribution have not been considered in the previous numerical simulation of welds and base metal materials, which leads to conservative calculation values and fails to meet actual engineering expectations. In this work, based on the difference between weld and base material structure, a non-uniform weld magnetic charge model was established and the stress distribution characteristics of weld cracks were analysed. The characteristics and gradient distribution of magnetic signals at weld and weld crack are calculated. The work quantitatively studied and characterised the influence of the offset weld position of the detection probe, the distance between the crack and the probe, the crack cluster, and the crack at the interface between the weld and the base metal on the detection signal. The microcrack detection of base metal, weld, and interface under various working conditions was compared and analysed. The difficulty of the AC electromagnetic method in weld inspection is solved, and the weld microcrack identification is realised. The results provide theoretical guidance for the identification of potential weld microcracks in spent fuel pools.

System Optimization Scheduling Considering the Full Process of Electrolytic Aluminum Production and the Integration of Thermal Power and Energy Storage

To address the curtailment phenomenon caused by the high penetration of renewable energy in the system, an optimization scheduling strategy is proposed, considering the full process of electrolytic aluminum production and the integration of thermal power and energy storage. Firstly, to explore the differentiated response capabilities of various devices such as high-energy-consuming electrolytic aluminum units, thermal power units, and energy storage devices to effectively address uncertain variables in the power system, a Variational Mode Decomposition method is introduced to construct differentiated response methods for its low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency components. Secondly, based on the real production regulation characteristics of the high-energy-consuming electrolytic aluminum load, and considering various influencing factors such as current, temperature, and output, a scheduling model involving electrolytic aluminum load is established. Then, the power generation characteristics in other processes of electrolytic aluminum production are fully exploited to achieve energy storage conversion, replacing the energy storage batteries that respond to high-frequency components. Finally, by combining the deep peak-shaving model of thermal power units, an optimization scheduling model is established for the joint operation of the full electrolytic aluminum production load and thermal-power-storage systems, with the goal of minimizing system operating costs. The case study results show that the proposed model can significantly enhance the system’s renewable energy absorption capacity, reduce energy storage installations, and enhance the economic efficiency of the system’s peak-shaving operation.

Analysis of the Flavor Code of Newly Cultivated Excellent Apple Varieties in China Using the Sensomics.

"Rui Yang", "Rui Xue", and "Rui Xiang Hong" are newly cultivated apple varieties with excellent flavor. However, the key aroma-active compounds responsible for its excellent flavor quality were unclear. This study determined the characteristics of aroma compounds among three new apple varieties and their parental species by Sensomics. A total of 150 aroma compounds were detected by GC × GC-QTOFMS. Gas chromatography-olfactometry and odor activity values indicated that 23 aroma-active compounds were the major aroma contributors in different apple varieties. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis results showed significant differences in aroma compounds between the new apple varieties and their parents, and hexanol, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate were identified as differential aroma compounds. The apple aroma recombination model could well restore the real aroma characteristics, which confirmed the accuracy of the identification and quantification of the aroma-active compounds. Omission experiments verified that ethyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, linalool, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, 1-octen-3-one, β-damascenone, and geranylacetone were the key aroma-active compounds in the three apple varieties. This provides valuable information about aroma compounds for the cultivation of excellent apples.

基于 DEM 的类球型大豆离散元仿真参数标定与试验

This paper focuses on the lack of spherical-like soybean simulation parameters when guiding the optimization and design of agricultural machinery and equipment through discrete element simulation. The spheroidal soybean variety SN29 was used as a study subject; the intrinsic properties and physico-mechanical properties of the spherical soybean were determined through actual measurements and the simulation of spherical-like soybean particles with Hertz-Mindlin (no-slip) as the contact model was established. The collision recovery, static, and rolling friction coefficients of the spherical-like soybean and acrylic sheet material were measured by the natural drop and inclined plane methods, combined with discrete element simulation and bench experiments. They were 0.474, 0.496, and 0.0361, respectively. The relative errors between the measured stacking angles and the simulated stacking angles were used as indicators, and the contact parameters between the particles were used as variables for the design of the steepest climb experiment. The collision recovery coefficient, static friction coefficient, and rolling friction coefficient between spherical-like soybean particles were determined to be 0.35, 0.30, and 0.074, respectively, by orthogonal rotational combination experiment and multi-objective optimization. The relative error between the simulated and measured stacking angles was only 1.09%, as verified by the experiment. This proves that the discrete element simulation parameters of the studied spherical-like soybean can reflect its real characteristics and be used as the parameter basis for discrete element simulation.

부동산 시장 및 지역 특성이 임차권등기명령에 미치는 영향 분석

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose is to analyze the impact of real estate market and regional characteristics on the number of leasehold registration orders in order to identify factors affecting the lease accident. (2) RESEARCH METHOD The temporal scope for the analysis of this study was based on four years from 2020 to 2023. The spatial scope was 85 cities nationwide, specifically Seoul, six metropolitan cities, Sejong Special Self-Governing City, and 77 autonomous cities. The research analysis method was multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 22 statistical package. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS The analysis results showed that different patterns were observed in 2020-2021, when apartment prices were rising, and in 2022-2023, when apartment prices were falling. The four variables of the ratio of households without a home, financial independence, Gyeonggi-do, and the ratio of multi-family housing units with more than 20% of housing types were significant in all years. Among these, it was analyzed that the number of lease registration orders increased in areas with a high ratio of rowhouses and multi-family housing, and that the standard for the ratio was lowered over time. 2. RESULTS In order to prevent lease accidents in row house multi-family housing, provision of market price information, introduction of measures to avoid risks such as risk premium when handling related products such as lease deposit return guarantee, establishment of policies and improvement of systems through analysis of related precedents and cases, row house multi-family houses Policy implications such as separate management of contract cases were presented.

The Importance of Residential Real Estate Characteristics in the Assessment of Selected Groups of Real Estate Market Participants

Abstract The price and market value of real estate is influenced by a number of attributes of an economic, legal, physical-technical and environmental nature. Some market characteristics, such as location, neighborhood or area, have a universal dimension, while others result from the specifics of the analyzed real estate segment. The purpose of the survey was to assess the importance of residential real estate characteristics by real estate market participants. Two groups were surveyed. The first was made up of potential buyers and the second was made up of professionals associated with the real estate market (including appraisers, real estate agents). The results obtained were subjected to comparative and selected cross-analysis and discussion.

SARSA-Based Reinforcement Learning Framework for Energy-Aware and Makespan-Optimized Workload Scheduling in Cloud Computing

In fact, it’s no longer a question of whether users should utilize computational resources from the cloud — the question is rather how to do it. Dynamic workload scheduling is however diffi-cult to optimize because of the interplay between energy consumption and makespan. Lastly, to overcome this, we put forward a reinforcement learning (RL) framework grounded on SARSA, with the objective of achieving that balance between makespan and energy consumption. In-dependently it adapts scheduling decision for tasks based on real time workload characteristics, without compromising the throughput but optimization the energy consumed. Through exper-iment, our proposed SARSA based scheduling algorithm has been show to improve over tradi-tional scheduling strategies and can potentially save a large amount of energy and minimize makespan. In this work, an adaptive mechanism is proposed that allows tuning of the cloud computing service to optimize its sustainability while minimizing a deleterious effect on the service quality.

Automation of conceptual design and modification of aircraft-type unmanned aerial vehicles using multidisciplinary optimization and evolutionary algorithms. Part 2: results and analysis

An example of practical application of the methodology of multidisciplinary optimization of the concept parameters of aircraft-type flight vehicles is considered in the form of solving the problem of modifying two existing aircraft with characteristics presented in open sources. The convergence of the optimization problem was investigated. The results of validation of mathematical models of aerodynamics are presented by comparison with the experiment results. An assessment of the reliability of the calculation of the objective function was carried out using the example of solving the direct problem of calculating the take-off weight and flight performance characteristics of prototype aircraft and comparing the results with their real characteristics. A method for longitudinal trim of aircraft-type flight vehicles with two lifting surfaces with parameter optimization is proposed.

Dynamic response analysis of ancient pagodas under rockfall impact

In order to protect the precious cultural heritage of the pagoda in the mountainous area from the damage caused by falling rocks, we provide targeted and effective research support and protection strategy basis. ABAQUS finite element analysis software is used to accurately simulate and analyze the response of the pagoda under the impact load of falling rocks. Firstly, the geometric modeling of the tower structure is carried out in a meticulous manner to ensure that the model accurately reflects the real shape and structural characteristics of the tower, and the material properties are assigned to it rigorously and accurately, so as to construct a finite element model that is highly adapted to the actual situation. Subsequently, the impacts of falling rocks on the pagoda under different working conditions, such as different velocities, radii, impact angles and impact heights, are comprehensively and systematically simulated to assess the structural safety and stability of the pagoda from all angles. This paper clearly reveals that the velocity, radius, impact angle and impact height of falling stones are the core key position in the structural safety assessment of the pagoda, and they are the decisive factors affecting the structural safety of the pagoda. These findings not only deepen the scientific knowledge of the response mechanism of the pagoda under the impact of falling rocks, but also provide a solid theoretical foundation and a clear direction for the subsequent development of accurate and efficient protection measures against falling rocks.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Mobile Application for Rapid Visual Screening

Similar to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) FEMA 154 method in the United States, which provides a rapid on-site survey method for building data to assess vulnerability indices and offers the RSV App mobile electronic form, this paper proposes the development of a mobile application for the visual rapid screening method for the Brazilian community of engineers and inspectors to assess the seismic vulnerability of existing structures. The simplified qualitative method adopted in the application originates in Japan, and a similar initiative was observed in that country at the symposium "Future of post-disaster assessment for buildings"; however, such an application was not found. Considering that the evaluation is carried out on-site, the application aims to facilitate the rapid screening process and disseminate the use of the method. Seismic-V was developed based on the Dart programming language and the Flutter framework. The Android Studio Giraffe IDE (Integrated Development Environment) | 2022.3.1 Patch 3 was chosen. Among the functionalities, it allows the structural verification for the five seismic zones with soil classes recommended in NBR 15.421. The user is required to provide real structural deterioration conditions, data, and structural characteristics such as number of floors, number of pillars, and respective cross-section that will support the seismic performance sub-index. Other features will be discussed in the paper and, at the end, a comparison will be developed between the results issued by the application and those calculated manually, with a discussion of the results. The proposal is relevant given the speed of application of the method and the initial screening that helps to prioritize existing buildings in future quantitative analytical approaches.

Dynamic simulation of wind-powered alkaline water electrolysis system for hydrogen production

Dynamic simulation of wind-powered alkaline water electrolysis system for hydrogen production

Let long-term interests talk: An disentangled learning model for recommendation based on short-term interests generation

Let long-term interests talk: An disentangled learning model for recommendation based on short-term interests generation

Aging analyses of transformer oil based on optical properties of LIF spectroscopy

Aging analyses of transformer oil based on optical properties of LIF spectroscopy

A Practical Economic Order Quantity Model for Growing Items with Edible Yield and Constraints in Poultry Farming

Growing items like chicken broilers play a critical role in consumption baskets; however, their real characteristics have been neglected in the research focusing on inventory models such as economic order quantity (EOQ). Mainstream research conducted in this field considers an approximation of the edible rate of chicken broilers in cost analysis. On the other hand, this subject was the objective of other research, and the function that represents the relationship between the weight and age of broilers was derived through extensive research. This study proposes an EOQ model that considers a realistic function for extracting the exact value of edible parts of broilers and the correct form of feeding function that is dependent on their age. In other words, this study not only addresses the challenge arising in the estimation of the edible part of broilers but also introduces another function to obtain the correct amount of feeding and nurturing cost of broilers. Solution methodology encompasses these mathematical functions and then provides a straightforward framework to find the optimal solution. An exact heuristic solution is obtained that considers the real factors, and then the approach is applied to case studies, and insights are derived to manage real situations for corporations.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE REGULARITIES OF THE SUBGRADE STRESS-STRAIN STATE AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN TRACK

Purpose. The implementation of the European track (1435 mm) on the existing subgrade, built on the territory of Ukraine, is a factor that leads to a change in the stress-strain state. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the regularities of the stress-strain state of the subgrade based on the results of numerical analysis of finite-element models. Methodology. For numerical analysis based on the finite element method, a 6 m high subgrade model for the combined track was developed. The developed model reproduces all the real geometric characteristics of the subgrade, the upper structure of the track, as well as the sleeper for the combined track. The developed model allows to vary the application of the train load with the setting of a couple of forces on the rails, which have the Ukrainian value of the track gauge (1520 mm), as well as the European one. The model also simulates the reinforcement of the subgrade for four options (without pile, with pile length of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 m). Findings. The results of the numerical analysis made it possible to obtain the values of horizontal and vertical stresses, as well as to obtain the regularities of the stress-strain state of the subgrade before the introduction of the European track. Qualitative analysis of the train position shows that the reduction of the track gauge and its asymmetric location on the sleeper increases vertical deformations. The biggest problem is precisely the asymmetric distribution of vertical displacements. It was found that the increase in the length of the vertical reinforcement element provides a reduction in displacements by 1.1 … 1.2 times. It was found that the patterns of changes in the displacements of the subgrade, when the length of the vertical reinforcement element is varied, are linear for the horizontal component and polynomial of the second degree for the vertical component. Originality. For the first time, based on the regularities of the stress-strain state of the subgrade, a picture of the stresses formation and the distribution of deformations before and after the implementation of the European track was obtained. Practical value. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, it was found that increasing the length of the vertical reinforcement element by 2.0 m provides a reduction in displacements by 10 … 20 %. This data makes it possible to create a methodology for the initial selection of the reinforcement element parameters.

Inverse Identification of Constituent Elastic Parameters of Ceramic Matrix Composites Based on Macro–Micro Combined Finite Element Model

Accurate material performance parameters are the prerequisite for conducting composite material structural analysis and design. However, the complex multiscale structure of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) makes it extremely difficult to accurately obtain their mechanical performance parameters. To address this issue, a CMC micro-scale constituents (fiber bundles and matrix) elastic parameter inversion method was proposed based on the integration of macro–micro finite element models. This model was established based on the μCT scan data of a plain-woven CMC tensile specimen using the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process, which could reflect the real microstructure and surface morphology characteristics of the material. A BP neural network was used to predict the multiscale stiffness, considering the influence of the porous structure on the macroscopic stiffness of the material. The inversion process of the constituent elastic parameters was established using the trust-region algorithm combined with an improved error function. The inversion results showed that this method could accurately invert the CMC constituent elastic parameters with excellent robustness and anti-noise performance. Under four different degrees of deviation in the initial iteration conditions, the inversion error of all parameters was within 1%, and the maximum inversion error was only 2.16% under a 10% high noise level.

Thermal fluctuation characteristics of unsteady solid–solid interface contact heat transfer in vibration

Thermal fluctuation characteristics of unsteady solid–solid interface contact heat transfer in vibration

Determination of the REV size for heterogeneous rocks with different grain sizes: Deep learning and numerical approaches

Determination of the REV size for heterogeneous rocks with different grain sizes: Deep learning and numerical approaches