Real Cause Research Articles

Malaysian Prefabricated Housing; The Real Causes of Fragmentation Issues and Steps to Overcome

Many prefabricated housing projects in develop countries have proven their success, and since 1960s Malaysia has taken great steps towards applying this concept. Housing is suitable for prefabricated due to its repetitious of design, simultaneous construction, large scale and impact to environment. Unlike develop countries that far advanced, Malaysia still face critical issues including on fragmentation. Fragmentation is defined as working in isolation, work in separation and division that happens among different parties in the same project. Various research on prefabricated housing has been conducted focusing on supply chain, modularization, automation, design, payment and procurement but lack focus on fragmentation. This paper will investigate the real causes of fragmentation issues in Malaysian prefabricated housing, their consequences and suggest steps to overcome. The methodology used is mix method with 118 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and combine with deep interviews with respondents from prefabricated manufacturers, prefabricated installers, academicians, consultants, developers, main contractors and M&E contractors, through targeted sampling technique. The result shows the causes of fragmentation are unfamiliar with prefabricated concept, late involvement of prefabricated companies and the practice of segregation culture while the steps to overcome are by establishing close integration since beginning, each party is appointed early and direct contract between prefabricated companies and developers. This research has contributed to the body of knowledge by detailing the real causes that make fragmentation issue become critical and suggest steps to overcome them and both had been verified by respondents who are expert, experienced and represent all the stakeholders involved in prefabricated housing.

Challenges in communicating evidence and policies in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic – experiences from Denmark

Abstract Early during the COVID-19 pandemic health authorities and media in the Scandinavian countries identified an increased incidence of infections among migrants compared to the majority population. Specific neighbourhoods and communities were presented as having high incidence rates, hospitalisations and mortality. These populations were profiled by country of birth - in Denmark often categorised as non-Western immigrants which is a broad label generally presented in policy debates and by Statistics Denmark. The public discourse quickly associated this category with common Danish concepts such as parallel societies or ghetto's - the latter being a label that officially was used recently to identify communities with many immigrants and social challenges. The debate signified a frequent view that these population groups were less caring about their health, more suspicious or less motivated to comply with information from public authories and with little interest in engaging in testing and preventive activities- thereby representing a risk for the further spread of the disease and an additional burdon for health care. Only after intensive interference from migrant health experts and initiatives from the National Health Authority a more nuanced public communication gave room for description of housing and working characteristics that were common in some of the migrant communities.This slowly created more insights and acceptance of real causes of the disparities and a platform for more respectful, inclusive and efficient preventive interventions. The presentation will report on the process involved and the way the change of language had an impact on the public health policies and practice during the pandemic in Denmark.

The Application For A Polygamy Permit Is Reviewed From An Islamic Legal Perspective (Analysis of PA.Depok Decision No. 3051/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Dpk)

Polygamy or having more than one wife is permissible under the provisions of Islamic law and positive law. Even though the large number of polygamy in our society has never been investigated in research what the real motives and causes are, in reality most polygamy is carried out by our society not in accordance with all the provisions, so that the polygamy that is carried out is very far from the wisdom and secrets contained therein. The permissibility of practicing polygamy according to Islam in many cases is often implemented and implemented. This causes many things to happen at will, without paying attention to and heeding the conditions that must be met. The problems in this thesis are how the judge considers in the decision on the case for a polygamy permit application No.3051/Pdt. G/2020/PA.D pk and what are the aspects of justice for polygamy applicants. This research method uses normative juridical research or a normative legal approach and is commonly called library research. The data collection technique in this research is library research which originates from laws and regulations, books, publications and research results. Based on the research results it is known that: 1). In determining the decision on the principle of proving the polygamy licensing case, the judge considered that the respondent did not mind polygamy by her husband, referring to Law No. 1 of 1974 to serve as a guideline in resolving polygamy problems. However, the judge did not grant the petitioner's request. 2). The concept of fairness in polygamy, according to the judge, goes back to Islamic teachings, namely justice that is meant is justice that is material in nature that can be controlled by the husband and becomes his ability, such as good treatment, sharing of time in spending the night, and giving a living. As for those related to the heart, then she may not be able to do it, because it is beyond the husband's control or beyond his ability, such as feelings of love and inclinations of the heart. So in this case the husband is not required to make it happen because it is beyond human power which is impossible to fulfill. Then the judge saw the fairness of the decision by looking at the statement made by the husband to be able to act fairly in guaranteeing the needs of his wives and children.

Microorganisms Involved in the Biodegradation and Microbiological Corrosion of Structural Materials

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is the process of material degradation in the presence of microorganisms and their biofilms. This is an environmentally assisted type of corrosion, which is highly complex and challenging to fully understand. Different metallic materials, such as steel alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminium alloys, and titanium alloys, have been reported to have adverse effects of MIC on their applications. Though many researchers have reported bacteria as the primary culprit of microbial corrosion, several other microorganisms, including fungi, algae, archaea, and lichen, have been found to cause MIC on metal and non-metal surfaces. However, less attention is given to the MIC caused by fungi, algae, archaea, and lichens. In this review paper, the effects of different microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, archaea, and lichens, on the corrosion properties of engineering materials have been discussed in detail. This review aims to summarize all of the corrosive microorganisms that directly or indirectly cause the degradation of structural materials. Accusing bacteria of every MIC case without a proper investigation of the corrosion site and an in-depth study of the biofilm and secreted metabolites can create problems in understanding the real cause of the materials’ failure. To identify the real corrosion agent in any environment, it is highly important to study all kinds of microorganisms that exist in that specific environment.

Prescription and dispensing protocols of methylphenidate: a look at the national scenario

One of the most frequent causes of medicalization in children is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a chronic neurobiological disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and motor agitation, which leads to difficulties in performing tasks that require attention. Objective: To identify in which Brazilian Federative Units there are recommendations, guidelines or protocols regarding the prescription of Methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. This is a descriptive, exploratory, retrospective study with access to data available on official websites of Brazilian states and the Federal District. Only five Brazilian federative units have protocols regarding the dispensation of methylphenidate. The lack of state protocols for the prescription of methylphenidate can cause serious harm, among which diagnostic errors stand out, which can lead to misuse of the drug, in addition to the lack of treatment of the real causes of the patient's symptoms. Protocols for dispensing methylphenidate are essential to reduce the administration of unnecessary medications, especially in cases involving learning difficulties.

Sequential model-based diagnosis by systematic search

Model-based diagnosis aims at identifying the real cause of a system's malfunction based on a formal system model and observations of the system behavior. To discriminate between multiple fault hypotheses (diagnoses), sequential diagnosis approaches iteratively pose queries to an oracle to acquire additional knowledge about the diagnosed system. Depending on the system type, queries can capture, e.g., system tests, probes, measurements, or expert questions.As the determination of optimal queries is NP-hard, state-of-the-art sequential diagnosis methods rely on a myopic one-step-lookahead analysis which has proven to constitute a particularly favorable trade-off between computational efficiency and diagnostic effectivity. Yet, this solves only a part of the problem, as various sources of complexity, such as the reliance on costly reasoning services and large numbers of or not explicitly given query candidates, remain.To deal with such issues, existing approaches often make assumptions about the (i) type of diagnosed system, (ii) formalism to describe the system, (iii) inference engine, (iv) type of query to be of interest, (v) query quality criterion to be adopted, or (vi) diagnosis computation algorithm to be employed. Moreover, they (vii) often cannot deal with large or implicit query spaces or with expressive logics, or (viii) require inputs that cannot always be provided.As a remedy, we propose a novel one-step lookahead query computation technique for sequential diagnosis that overcomes the said issues of existing methods. Our approach (1) is based on a solid theory, (2) involves a systematic search for optimal queries, (3) can operate on implicit and huge query spaces, (4) allows for a two-stage optimization of queries (wrt. their number and cost), (5) is designed to reduce expensive logical inferences to a minimum, and (6) is generally applicable. The latter means that it can deal with any type of diagnosis problem as per Reiter's theory, is applicable with any monotonic knowledge representation language, can interact with a multitude of diagnosis engines and logical reasoners, and allows for a quality optimization of queries based on any of the common criteria in the literature.We extensively study the performance of the novel technique using a benchmark of real-world diagnosis problems. Our findings are that our approach enables the computation of optimal queries with hardly any delay, independently of the size and complexity of the considered benchmark problem. Moreover, it proves to be highly scalable, and it outperforms the state-of-the-art method in the domain of our benchmarks by orders of magnitude in terms of computation time while always returning a qualitatively as good or better query.

Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence Associated with Infertility in Men: Future Aspects

Abstract: Infertility in men is more than 50% of cases and the real cause of infertility cannot be determined by various factors and lack of technology. Infertility in males is a rising health concern across the globe affecting around 7 percent of the total male population in the world. Various risk factors are associated with several diseases’ outcomes and those involved have been shown to cause infertility with male background due to their prone habits. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has evolved so far as treatment options for infertility by manipulating sperm or egg for a woman to conceive being the only hope of bearing a biological child. Ancient medical techniques could be enhanced using augmented reality with additional metrics to include orientation, 3D location of speculations, and proximity to adjacent structures. With image-guided surgery, the need to integrate medical imaging with surgery has promoted the research for new visualization modalities based on AR, as surgical guidance or tool for surgical planning/diagnosis. Moreover, AR has its advantage in high-quality data curation which establishes the fact that both AI and AR can be associated together and make it useful in the imaging of infertile men. At present, research focuses on improving sperm retrieval and assisted conception methods and perhaps in the future less invasive procedures like AI and AR may be an option that provide Insight into data curation and enhanced intelligence in the Imaging of cells.

Metering inaccuracy analysis and improvement measures of typical scenarios in hydrogen refueling station

Standardizing hydrogen refueling station metering management promotes the economic and safe development of the hydrogen energy industry. In this study, by modifying the original equipment in hydrogen refueling stations, the real causes of hydrogen metering inaccuracy are experimentally investigated, and the effectiveness of the corresponding improvement measures is verified. While ensuring the accuracy of hydrogen metering, a segmented hydrogen loss rate calculation method has been proposed, which can assist in leak detection. The results show that the degree of variation in ambient temperature is the main factor affecting the metering accuracy of the PVT method, which is related to the difference in the rate of temperature rise within the hydrogen storage vessel and hydrogen piping. Differing from vehicle gas cylinders, the hydrogen tube bundle of the trailer does not produce a significant thermal equilibrium effect after filling, but the hydrogen metering errors are still not negligible because of sensitivity differences between pressure and temperature gauges and its large volume. Moreover, adding thermal insulation measures near the temperature gauge and improving the accuracy of the gauges can effectively reduce hydrogen metering errors.

REVIEW OF FINANCIAL CRIMES BY IMPOSTERS AS ARMED FORCES

Online financial crimes are on the rise in the recent past in India. The Reserve Bank of India is taking lot of initiatives in this regard on a continuous basis. Despite the continuous measures and awareness by the topmost banking regulator, the perpetrators are doing their fraudulent activities continuously. The perpetrators use lots of tricks and techniques to win the trust of the public so as to defraud them. The ignorant and innocent public also fall prey to their cunning tricks and get victimised by losing money. Lesser amount of fraud may not seem to be a big threat at the first sight. But if we calculate the aggregate of all the money lost in our country in a particular period, surely it will be an alarm for the policy makers. Also, the duped money may lead to terror funding. The fraudsters become more innovative than the techies. There were considerable number of frauds recorded in the last 2 years in India in which the fraudsters pose themselves as armed forces to win the trust of the public and defraud them. The trust and the sentiments of the public towards the security personnels of the country is misused by the perpetrators for defrauding. This article collects a bunch of real time cases published in various leading newspapers as a sample and analyses the real cause and reason for the online financial crimes by imposters as armed forces and provide suggestions to prevent the same. This article may be the first of its kind to analyse how the people are getting trapped by using the name of armed forces.

부동산 전세 사기 방지와 개선방안 연구

Real estate Lease fraud refers, to fraudulent activities such as not actually renting the relevant real estate or disadvantaging the tenant in violation, of the terms of the JEONSE contract after receiving a JEONSE deposit while signing a JEONSE contract. If you don't actually rent, a property with a lease deposit, the tenant will not receive the deposit back and will have difficulty finding a place to live. Such real estate Lease fraud is recognized as a social problem, due to the problem of damaging the stability of the real estate market and infringing on the rights, and interests of tenants. Real estate Lease fraud is emerging as a social problem that undermines the, stability of the real estate market and violates the rights and interests of tenants. To solve this problem, institutional improvement is needed to prevent, real estate Lease fraud. In this paper, we would like to present institutional improvement measures to, solve these problems through the analysis of the concept and type of real estate Lease fraud and the causes, of real estate Lease fraud. In addition, through overseas case analysis, we would like, to investigate the operation and effectiveness of the real estate Lease fraud prevention system to find, ways applicable to Korea. To this end, the introduction will briefly explain the research background, research purpose, and research method, and then deal with, the concept and type of real estate lease, fraud, cause analysis, and overseas case analysis.

Benign and Malignant Breast Tumor Classification in Ultrasound and Mammography Images via Fusion of Deep Learning and Handcraft Features.

Breast cancer is a disease that affects women in different countries around the world. The real cause of breast cancer is particularly challenging to determine, and early detection of the disease is necessary for reducing the death rate, due to the high risks associated with breast cancer. Treatment in the early period can increase the life expectancy and quality of life for women. CAD (Computer Aided Diagnostic) systems can perform the diagnosis of the benign and malignant lesions of breast cancer using technologies and tools based on image processing, helping specialist doctors to obtain a more precise point of view with fewer processes when making their diagnosis by giving a second opinion. This study presents a novel CAD system for automated breast cancer diagnosis. The proposed method consists of different stages. In the preprocessing stage, an image is segmented, and a mask of a lesion is obtained; during the next stage, the extraction of the deep learning features is performed by a CNN-specifically, DenseNet 201. Additionally, handcrafted features (Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)-based, ULBP-based, perimeter area, area, eccentricity, and circularity) are obtained from an image. The designed hybrid system uses CNN architecture for extracting deep learning features, along with traditional methods which perform several handcraft features, following the medical properties of the disease with the purpose of later fusion via proposed statistical criteria. During the fusion stage, where deep learning and handcrafted features are analyzed, the genetic algorithms as well as mutual information selection algorithm, followed by several classifiers (XGBoost, AdaBoost, Multilayer perceptron (MLP)) based on stochastic measures, are applied to choose the most sensible information group among the features. In the experimental validation of two modalities of the CAD design, which performed two types of medical studies-mammography (MG) and ultrasound (US)-the databases mini-DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography) and BUSI (Breast Ultrasound Images Dataset) were used. Novel CAD systems were evaluated and compared with recent state-of-the-art systems, demonstrating better performance in commonly used criteria, obtaining ACC of 97.6%, PRE of 98%, Recall of 98%, F1-Score of 98%, and IBA of 95% for the abovementioned datasets.

ESCALATOR STEP DISPLACEMENT’S ACCIDENT: FORENSIC ENGINEERING APPROACH

In Malaysia, escalator accidents caused injuries or fatalities. As a result, a forensic engineering technique was employed to look into the real causes of an escalator malfunction. There was escalator that occurred in 2016, KL Sentral. The escalator accident in 2016. The escalator step displacement is the clearance of a step along the vertical and lateral axes. According to BS EN 115-2017, a step's clearance shall be measured. Step alignment of the escalator steps pass through the comb will be affected by step displacement that is outside of the permitted range, either the lateral or vertical direction that led to collision. The alignment of the escalator steps that moving through the comb will be hampered by step displacement that is more than the standard and it may result in a collision between the two parts on either the upper landing platform or lower landing platform. The impact from the collision of steps and combs may also injured escalator passengers. Hence, the clearance of the step in the vertical and lateral direction at any time. It is crucial to inspect and measure the step displacement parameter for both lateral and vertical step displacement. Improper installation of the step axle slot component on the step shaft; lateral step displacement is caused by clearance between a bush and stopper ring component, while vertical step displacement is caused by clearance between an axle slot and bush component. Prior, installation of those steps must be done carefully to avoid any clearance to prevent step displacement’s accident occurred.

Fighting Against the ‘Poisoners’ in Cholera-Stricken Petersburg

This article examines an underexplored episode in the history of the cholera riots – the ‘hunt for the poisoners’ which happened in St Petersburg in June 1831. This relevance of the topic is determined by the importance of studying the population’s behavior during an epidemic crisis, challenging both the authorities’ ability to stabilize the situation and the possibility of dialogue between them and society. Based on newly-introduced archival sources, the paper attempts to reconstruct the events of June 24–25, 1831 – essential for an understanding of the subsequent developments in Russia, but which have been overshadowed by the cholera riots of June 21–22, 1831, well described by contemporary sources. The cholera outbreak in the imperial capital in mid-June 1831 sparked popular discontent with anti-cholera measures, culminating in attacks on the city’s cholera hospitals. After a temporary respite following the events of June 22 on Sennaya Square, the riots erupted with renewed vigor but with a change in form and substance. On June 24 and 25, instead of attacking hospitals in large crowds, the rioters sought out alleged ‘poisoners’ detaining and handing them over to the authorities on suspicion of having poisoned food and water. Amongst part of the population, this poisoning was considered the real cause of the deaths attributed by doctors and the authorities to cholera. These events of June 24–25 have received little attention from researchers. But it was the St Petersburg ‘hunt for poisoners’ that provided a model for Russia’s ‘cholera panic’ of July 1831, during which the population sought to battle the alleged malicious poisoners. The panic caused a series of mass riots in the European part of Russia. The most violent events during the unrest were the bloody mutinies of military settlers in Novgorod province. The events of June 24–25 in St Petersburg played a significant role in the emergence of the cholera panic in Russia in the summer of 1831.

BERKELEY'S CRITERION OF A MECHANIST VIEW AND HIS ATTACK ON THE MECHANIST VIEW

An attempt will be made to present the criterion of a mechanist view that Berkeley adopted, as well as his uniqe attack on the mechanist view. According to the criterion of a mechanist view as implied from berkeley's writings, a mechanist view is one that explains the natural phenomena, assuming material causes only. Berkeley claims that the material world as perceived by us is a collection of sensual ideas. These ideas exist in our mind. Berkeley also claims that the ideas are passive. An idea is merely a sign for another idea, and not the cause of the formation of another idea Berkeley claims that the term "Force", which many physicists think that it represents a cause of phenomena as velocity changes, dose not represent a real quality. Berkeley is defined as an empiricist. But in order to preserve scientific achievements and the ability to connect between phenomena and to predict, he claims that we have to use the term "Force" although it dose not represent a real quality. The term "Force" represents in his opinion a mathematical fiction. This view of Berkeley is called " Scientific Instrumentalism". Science does not deal with material causes according to Berkeley's view. The universal mind (God) is the real cause of natural phenomena, "planting" the regular ideas referred to as '' nature''. Still minds and God should be dealt with in metaphysics. Therefore Berkeley's attack on the mechanist view is the result of his view that only in metaphysics we deal with real spiritual causes. Since Berkeley attacks the mechanist view, he is defined as an anti mechanist. In Berkeley's opinion, there is no difference between the picture of the world which follows from his philosophy, and the common sense picture. Moreover, no scientific achievement suffers as a result of his philosophy

THE PROBLEM OF CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF CONFLICTOLOGY IN KAZAKHSTAN

General awareness of the most important principles of life is the ideological foundation of globalization. Attention is beginning to focus on common sense, knowledge, high technologies, which are becoming the most important economic assets. Today, the transformation of human existence is taking place thanks to the information revolution, based mainly on Internet networks, which, opening up a new world without borders and establishing contacts anywhere in the world, somehow contribute to a certain loss of national identity. The era of globalization also affects our Kazakhstan, which is in a complex geopolitical environment, but claims to preserve its unique national identity. In this regard, consideration of the problems of the development of Kazakhstan’s conflictology in the context of globalization is of particular relevance. The permanent emergence of social tensions, conflictogenic, open clashes and the severity of conflicts make it necessary to identify the real causes that they entail. Consequently, there is a pattern of their study within the framework of such a science as conflictology. At the same time, the development of the institutionalization of conflictology as a science in Kazakhstan acquires a peculiarity and regularity. The main goal of the authors of the article is an attempt to represent the main problems of conceptualizing the institution of conflict, considered from the point of view of its positive and negative properties. The authors pay attention to the problematization of the conflict in Kazakhstan.

The Impact of Western Civilization on Forests in Barkskins

This research article very critically scrutinizes how forests in North America are devastated by the growing human civilization. It deals with ecological degradation in an American novelist Annie Proulx’s novel Barkskins whose location is North America. In course of analysing the novel critically, the article describes how Barkskins revolves round the story of white colonists and indigenous Indians in North America or today’s Canada. Firstly, it reveals how two families: Sel family (a poor biracial family of French and Mi’kmaq) that cuts trees and Duke family (rich French family) that does business of fur are linked to trees and deforestation. Secondly, the article focuses on the impact of western civilization on forests regarding forests as the antagonist to western civilization. Western colonialism is also a vehicle of civilization that causes deforestation. Due to civilization, humanism is developed. So, anthropocentric nature of people causes deforestation. Thirdly, European civilization has a negative impact on Indigenous people and their culture. Apparently, forests are shown as a symbol of darkness, evil forces, backwardness and an obstacle for human progress, but in the name of civilization, whites do deforestation due to their greed of colonization and anthropocentric nature. Hence, the first objective of the research is to explore why the whites regard forests as the antagonist to civilization. Likewise, the second objective of the article is to discover the real cause of them to do deforestation. Besides, as for the broad theoretical methodology, Greg Garrard’s theory of Ecocriticism is applied for the textual analysis of Barkskins since the article deals with the ecological destruction of North America by whites and ecocriticism has emerged as a response to the heavy damage done to ecology by human beings.

The NASEM Report: Are the Solutions Part of the Problem?

The NASEM Report: Are the Solutions Part of the Problem?

Black spots identification on rural roads based on extreme learning machine

<span lang="EN-US">Accident black spots are usually defined as road locations with a high risk of fatal accidents. A thorough analysis of these areas is essential to determine the real causes of mortality due to these accidents and can thus help anticipate the necessary decisions to be made to mitigate their effects. In this context, this study aims to develop a model for the identification, classification and analysis of black spots on roads in Morocco. These areas are first identified using extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm, and then the infrastructure factors are analyzed by ordinal regression. The XGBoost model is adopted for weighted severity index (WSI) generation, which in turn generates the severity scores to be assigned to individual road segments. The latter are then classified into four classes by using a categorization approach (high, medium, low and safe). Finally, the bagging extreme learning machine is used to classify the severity of road segments according to infrastructures and environmental factors. Simulation results show that the proposed framework accurately and efficiently identified the black spots and outperformed the reputable competing models, especially in terms of accuracy 98.6%. In conclusion, the ordinal analysis revealed that pavement width, road curve type, shoulder width and position were the significant factors contributing to accidents on rural roads.</span>

Times Series Analysis on Inflation in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economic environment in the U.S, particularly in inflation, which is experiencing its highest levels in decades. The reasons for this high inflation might be change in supply relations and consumer habits, logistics bottlenecks and policy reasons. The Fed has raised interest rates several times in hopes of a quick return to pre-pandemic inflation rate, but it is still in a high level around 0.08. Given the complex international situation, it is obvious that high domestic inflation and prices will significantly drag down GDP and economic growth. However, if reducing the current situation of high inflation in a short period, it is obviously not only by raising interest rates. The correct path is to find the real causes of inflation and solve these. Unfortunately, the exogenous shocks not only frequently affect the stability of price and inflation but fuzz the real reasons behind inflation, which leading to a difficult process of finding the causes.

Perceived benefits of modern cooking technologies: a study of beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

PurposeThis paper examine beneficiary women's awareness of the harmful effects of traditional cooking fuels and the benefits of cleaner cooking fuel (LPG) in the Indian state of Haryana after the inception of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive statistics, factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used for the data analysis.FindingsThe paper finds that the women of the scheduled caste were highly aware of the hazards of traditional cooking fuel. They perceived that the usage of LPG led to significant health and environmental improvements. However, the refilling was low among the respondents. So, the only low awareness was not the cause of the low refilling of LPG among Ujjwala beneficiaries.Research limitations/implicationsTechnological advancement, accessibility and successful adoption require convergence with socio-economic and institutional aspects. It was evident that focus on technology might not necessarily serve developmental purposes if it is not integrated correctly with socio-economic and institutional factors. These should have conversed with the household's needs, preferences, affordability, social structures, policy support and delivery mechanism, as it was observed that, in different cases, high-end technologies have limited access.Originality/valueThis study shows that the low awareness is not the barrier to the adoption of cleaner cooking technologies in India. So, the policymakers have to revive and further investigate the real cause of the low adoption of cleaner cooking technologies in India.