Real Arrangement Research Articles

The Universality of the Resonance Arrangement and Its Betti Numbers

The resonance arrangement mathcal {A}_n is the arrangement of hyperplanes which has all non-zero 0/1-vectors in mathbb {R}^n as normal vectors. It is the adjoint of the Braid arrangement and is also called the all-subsets arrangement. The first result of this article shows that any rational hyperplane arrangement is the minor of some large enough resonance arrangement. Its chambers appear as regions of polynomiality in algebraic geometry, as generalized retarded functions in mathematical physics and as maximal unbalanced families that have applications in economics. One way to compute the number of chambers of any real arrangement is through the coefficients of its characteristic polynomial which are called Betti numbers. We show that the Betti numbers of the resonance arrangement are determined by a fixed combination of Stirling numbers of the second kind. Lastly, we develop exact formulas for the first two non-trivial Betti numbers of the resonance arrangement.

Challenges and Innovations of Real Estate for Achieving Spatial Balance in Post-Disaster Countries

While real estate is a significant pillar of stability among communities, it can also be the most vulnerable to disasters triggered by natural or man-made hazards, which cause the spatial dimension of metropolitan areas to be disturbed due to critical variables, such as land loss, societal collapse, and changes in population distribution resulting from refugee movements, which, in turn, affect properties, causing a fluctuation in terms of equality. In this regard, the precise monitoring of spatial imbalance is an eminent instrument for achieving socio-spatial sustainability via recovery strategies. This paper provides a systematic review of 96 studies in order to analyze the spatial challenges and innovations of real estate in the aftermath of disasters with realistic projections on five case studies—from Haiti, Nigeria, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and the United States of America—varying according to the type, size, and impact of the disaster, and real estate administrative arrangements. Through the review, the challenges embodied by the legal deficit and the multiplicity of real estate tenure systems in addition to the discrimination of access rights to real estate and the insecurity of property and, subsequently, forced migration movements are highlighted. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatial balance of real estate have been examined. Finally, real estate innovations are reviewed to investigate the extent to which real estate can promote the spatial balance of disaster-prone nations.

Article 6 ATAD and ‘Non-genuineness’ of Arrangements

Article 6 Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) provides a General anti-abuse rule (GAAR), applicable to all taxpayers subject to corporate tax in one ormore EUMember States.TheGAAR refers to ‘non-genuine’ arrangements.However, it is unclear whether ‘non-genuineness’ describes real and/or simulated arrangements. The article aims to analyse this issue, in light of a literal, multilingual approach and through a teleological and historical-systematic interpretation of the provision. ATAD, Corporate tax, GAAR, Tax avoidance, Simulation Test, Reporting, BEPS, Union concepts, quasi-Union concepts, autonomy of Member States, Interpretation of Directives, EU Guidance

Pervasive Digital Twin for PI-Containers: A New Packing Problem.

The idea defended in this paper consists in finding, at any time and everywhere, the arrangement of containers within a composite container. The digital image of the real arrangement obtained defines its digital twin. This image evolves at the same time as its real twin. It can be used throughout the logistics chain during loading/unloading phases in hubs, to check the completeness of a load, to find the particular position of a container, etc. This digital twin is obtained through the collection of neighborhood information from the sensor nodes embedded on each container. This embedded solution allows accessibility to this information everywhere. This proximity information and the instrumentation of the containers define new types of constraints and a new version of a packing problem. We propose here a model integrating them. This model is implemented and tested on different test cases, and numerical results are provided. These show that, under certain conditions that will be presented, it is possible to obtain the digital twin of the real arrangement.

Reliability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Farming Applications.

Wireless Sensor Networks are subjected to some design constraints (e.g., processing capability, storage memory, energy consumption, fixed deployment, etc.) and to outdoor harsh conditions that deeply affect the network reliability. The aim of this work is to provide a deeper understanding about the way redundancy and node deployment affect the network reliability. In more detail, the paper analyzes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network for low-power and low-cost applications and calculates its reliability considering the real environmental conditions and the real arrangement of the nodes deployed in the field. The reliability of the system has been evaluated by looking for both hardware failures and communication errors. A reliability prediction based on different handbooks has been carried out to estimate the failure rate of the nodes self-designed and self-developed to be used under harsh environments. Then, using the Fault Tree Analysis the real deployment of the nodes is taken into account considering the Wi-Fi coverage area and the possible communication link between nearby nodes. The findings show how different node arrangements provide significantly different reliability. The positioning is therefore essential in order to obtain maximum performance from a Wireless sensor network.

A complex Euclidean reflection group with a non-positively curved complement complex

The complement of a hyperplane arrangement in \mathbb{C}^n deformation retracts onto an n -dimensional cell complex, but the known procedures only apply to complexifications of real arrangements (Salvetti) or the cell complex produced depends on an initial choice of coordinates (Björner–Ziegler). In this article we consider the unique complex Euclidean reflection group acting cocompactly by isometries on \mathbb{C}^2 whose linear part is the finite complex reflection group known as G_4 in the Shephard-Todd classification and we construct a choice-free deformation retraction from its hyperplane complement onto a 2 -dimensional complex K where every 2 -cell is a Euclidean equilateral triangle and every vertex link is a Möbius–Kantor graph. The hyperplane complement contains non-regular points, the action of the reflection group on K is not free, and the braid group is not torsion-free. Despite all of this, since K is non-positively curved, the corresponding braid group is a \operatorname{CAT}(0) group.

Experimental and Numerical Characterization of a Novel Natural Gas Low NOx Burner in Gas Turbine Realistic Environment

Abstract A fundamental milestone in the development of a low NOx burner technology is the demonstration of its capabilities in realistic environment. This is especially true for the novel burner subject of this paper, which has been extensively characterized throughout single burner scale experiments. An exhaustive description of the early development phases of the novel burner has been provided by authors in recently published works. The most promising geometry was selected for the assessment in real combustor arrangement, consisting of a full-scale annular combustor test rig. This paper reports the main results of such an assessment. Pollutant emissions and pressure pulsations have been measured at gas turbine relevant operating conditions. Moreover, dedicated blow-out tests have been performed to obtain the extinction equivalence ratio at both ambient and pressurized conditions, as done during the past single burner rig campaign. Basically, an adequate set of data has been gathered, allowing a direct comparison between full-annular and reduced-scale tests. A general alignment of behavior has been observed, as both low NOx capability and blow-out characteristics of full-annular arrangement turned out to be substantially unchanged with respect to the single burner. Nevertheless, some discrepancies in magnitude have been highlighted and discussed. Details have been given involving deeper numerical analysis by means of a dedicated model developed by the authors in previous works. Indeed, improvement to the model has been introduced in the context of this paper to overcome some limitations arisen in predicting emissions. Finally, a preliminary stability analysis has been carried out, with the aim to describe the onset of thermoacoustic instability tendency as observed in the full-annular tests.

RETRACTED: Embedded Gpsgsm based on cloud computing data processing in soldiers' physical fitness training

National security has become a significant force in the current state. In war, a strategy is the basic unit of defense in any country. There are many concerns about these personnel fighters' fitness using smart sensors to be familiar with GPS (Global Positioning System). Used to solve and log in range, of GPS bearer can get to know well without any problems. The worker at the base station will give an association using a single worker telecommunication system. Each cavalry has a GSMC (Global System Mobile Communications) module for the base station during injury and disaster, and its recognition applies. During the war that put forward the concept of component, soldiers are now a GPS lighthouse-like soldier's updated state. As the discovery progressed, images were taken to monitor the human body's physiological boundaries from various wearable senses. Such physiological and biomedical sensor centers can use the Body Sensor Network (BSN), close to or inside the human body, for periodic welfare surveys. Will design a series of efforts to establish a framework for field studies of relentless welfare fighters, including BSNs. Talk about the basics of this joint venture application. Propose an application that affects the initial model characterization and source boundary of the framework. A high mental quality employee should have an average product volume (P <0.05) of 66% higher than the average of low mental quality players. The ‘administrative law enforcement’ for military veterans are between real arrangements in different areas.

Vlast', obshchestvo, telo: antropomorfnaya paradigma v politicheskoj mysli srednevekovoj Zapadnoj Evropy

The article based on the research of medieval West European political thought’s texts and mainly on the basic treatise “Policraticus” of John of Salisbury and works by other authors in XII century is devoted to analysis of concepts concerning power and society in light of “body politic” metaphor. The most representative and influential sources (and first of them is “Policraticus”) transmitting the idea of “body politic” in Latin intellectual culture are researched, the metaphor usage logic and ways of its usage in polemical tradition are identified. The “body hierarchy” considered in the article focuses in medieval authors opinion not only on mystical but real social and political arrangement, it underwent definite transformations connected with power and its welder’s figure reception through ages.

The height of a permutation and applications to distance between real line arrangements

We present a new notion of a distance between two real line arrangements. We define the height of a permutation and use this idea in our main theorem, which gives us a lower bound on the distance between the pair. We apply these techniques to the seven special cases of real arrangements with ten lines found in previous work by the authors.

Real and complex supersolvable line arrangements in the projective plane

If we regard a set of s lines in \({\mathbb P}^2\) over either the reals or the complex numbers as an algebraic plane curve, then it is an open problem to classify for all s those for which the number \(t_2\) of points of multiplicity 2 satisfies \(t_2<\lfloor s/2\rfloor \). By the Sylvester–Gallai theorem, there are no nontrivial (i.e., not a pencil or a near pencil) real arrangements with \(t_2=0\), but there are complex arrangements with \(t_2=0\) and it is an open problem to classify them. In this paper, we initiate a classification of an interesting class of line arrangements called the supersovable line arrangements and give a partial classification for them over the reals or the complex numbers. In particular, we show that a complex line arrangement which is nontrivial cannot have more than 4 modular points and we completely describe those with 3 or 4 modular points.

Experimental and computational modeling of thermal conductivity of cementitious syntactic foams filled with hollow glass microspheres

Insulating cementitious syntactic foams (CSFs) reinforced hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) have been paid much attention for the growing requirement of energy savings. In this paper, the CSF plates with different volume contents of HGMs are manufactured by a novel three-step manufacturing process and then they are tested by transient plane source (TPS) method to investigate their heat insulation performance. The filler volume content is in the range of 0–56 vol%. The experimental results reveal that the effective value of thermal conductivity of the foam decreases roughly linearly with increasing the HGM volume content. The addition of 56 vol% HGMs brings over 47% decrease of the thermal conductivity of the foam, in contrast to the pure cement material. In addition, the heat transfer mechanisms in the CSFs are further investigated by the developed computational model with randomly dispersed HGMs to approximate the real arrangement of microspheres in the foam. The experimental data are in good agreement with the numerical estimations. Moreover, the resulting numerical predictions demonstrate that the effective thermal conductivity coefficient of the foam increases as the constituent thermal conductivity increases. However, compared to the core and solid wall material, the matrix material gives significant influence to the foam. Finally, a two-phase composite model with equivalent solid spherical inclusion is presented based on Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion theory to indirectly determine the thermal conductivity of pure HGM, which are important for guiding the predesign of syntactic foams with desired low thermal conductivity.

Thermal Tuning of Plasmofluidic Disk Resonators Filled With a Liquid Crystal: Its Narrow-Trench Filling and Arrangement

Plasmonic waveguides are hybrid plasmonic waveguides based on strong light confinement in a fluid filling narrow trenches bounded by silicon and metal surfaces. They might be expected to work as a tunable device with a large phase change if (1) a liquid crystal (LC) fills such trenches, (2) the LC molecules are ideally aligned in the direction normal to the cross-sections of the trenches, and (3) they are electrically oriented in the direction normal to the surfaces. However, to our knowledge, even the first two assumptions have never been confirmed to be correct. Here, we investigate LC-filled plasmofluidic disk resonators to check the correctness of the assumptions. We show that their resonance wavelengths decrease as the LC temperature increases and that the resonance wavelengths decrease rapidly near the clearing point of the LC. This indicates that the 30-nm-wide trenches are really filled with the LC but that the LC molecules are oriented toward the direction normal to the surfaces. The real arrangement of the LC molecules in the trenches may make the phase change obtainable from the plasmofluidic waveguide about two times smaller than expected from the ideal arrangement. This work may lead to development of phase-tunable LC-filled plasmofluidic waveguide devices.

Modeling transverse micro flow in dry fiber placement preforms

Dry fiber placement has a large potential for manufacturing preforms for primary-load components at minimum scrap rate and fiber crimp. Yet, challenging impregnation behavior due to low permeability of these preforms during liquid composite molding imposes a need for further research to optimize preform structure for higher permeability. For full understanding of flow behavior within these preforms, flow has to be considered on micro scale (in between single fibers), on meso scale (in between single rovings or strands), and on macro scale (on scale of parts to be manufactured). While macro and meso scale can be measured in experiments or derived from filling times in real processes, micro scale is usually not easily assessable and accessible for standard textile materials. Analytical approaches are limited to regular fiber arrangements (square and hexagonal) that are strongly differing from real arrangements. The present work deals with application of a numerical solver to random fiber arrangements to determine micro permeability transverse to the fiber orientation, for later use in meso- and macro-scaled models. As a premise for reliable calculation, guidelines for boundary conditions as well as size and resolution of the representative volume element are elaborated in the course of this work. Calculated out-of-plane micro permeabilities are subsequently compared to real experiments and show good accordance. The influence of binder particles on micro permeability has not yet been conclusively clarified.

Decentralized water supply by reservoir network reduces power demand for water distribution in a semi-arid basin

ABSTRACTIn the Brazilian semi-arid region, thousands of small dams have been built over time to enhance water availability, accumulating water and hydraulic energy at high altitudes. Simulations were performed in this study to assess how the arrangement of reservoirs impacts on the power demand for water distribution in the Banabuiú River Basin (19 800 km2), Brazil. The power required to pump water from 1405 reservoirs to all districts with diffuse demands is 6.5 GWh/year, whereas in the scenario with only the 12 larger strategic reservoirs, the power demand reached 45.3 GWh/year. Alone, the largest reservoir in the basin can supply water to all districts. Nonetheless, in that scenario, the power demand would reach 195 GWh/year, which is 30 times the power required in the real reservoir arrangement. Thus, decentralization by small reservoirs not only promotes more democratic access to water, but also increases energy efficiency by storing it at higher altitudes and closer to the diffuse demands.

Some General Considerations on Coordination Mechanisms and their Potential Role in Rural Policy

The objective of this paper is to discuss, from the theoretical point of view (transaction costs economics and system approach), the limitations of the governmental policy and rural policy in particular – which aims to intervene into coordination of transactions between economic agents. The conceptual framework of the paper is based on the distinction between three ideal types of coordination’s mechanisms (namely: competition, hierarchical control, values/norms and vertical liaisons) and real institutional arrangements, which could base only on one of ideal type or be a mixture of them. Rural policy is dedicated to solving the problem, which could not be solved solely by a market. However, governmental intervention suffer from failures of its own. This is a true particularly in the case of uniformly applied, extended top-down policy based mainly on hierarchical control. In such a case, market failures could be mitigated (and therefore market transaction costs), but, on the other hand, the political transaction cost (variable and fixed as well as) could be tremendous. The main conclusion of the paper is that one could expect that the minimum of both categories of transaction costs (market and political) will be probably achieved in the case of rural policy, which is composite of different coordination’s mechanism, not solely hierarchical control. This conclusion is in line with the shift to the new paradigm (Rural Policy 3.0) recommended by OECD, which generally is based on stronger decentralization, improved multi-level governance and involvement of non-government as well as private organizations.

Fundamental Groups of Real Arrangements and Torsion in the Lower Central Series Quotients

ABSTRACTBy using computer assistance, we prove that the fundamental group of the complement of a real complexified line arrangement is not determined by its intersection lattice, providing a counter-example for a problem of Falk and Randell. We also deduce that the torsion of the lower central series quotients is not combinatorially determined, which gives a negative answer to a question of Suciu.

Phonon excitations in the quasi-one-dimensional Haldane phase of SrNi2V2O8

Vibrational Raman spectra of a single crystal of the coupled Haldane chain compound SrNi2V2O8 with uniaxial anisotropy were investigated in the 10–1000 cm−1 frequency range at temperatures 7–300 K. No structural phase transition was observed. The number of phonon lines observed in the experiment and their intensity were analyzed on the basis of the local symmetry considerations of different structural complexes. This approach was successful in explaining the discrepancy between the numbers of expected and experimentally observed phonon lines. Closeness of a real arrangement of some structural units to higher symmetry than the Wyckoff position results in strong interferential quenching of a number of Raman lines in the spectra.

Homology graph of real arrangements and monodromy of Milnor fiber

We study the first homology group H1(F,C) of the Milnor fiber F of sharp arrangements A‾ in PR2. Our work relies on the minimal complex C⁎(S(A)) of the deconing arrangement A and its boundary map. We describe an algorithm which computes possible eigenvalues of the monodromy operator h1 of H1(F,C). We prove that, if a condition on some intersection points of lines in A is satisfied, then the only possible nontrivial eigenvalues of h1 are cubic roots of the unity. Moreover we give sufficient conditions for just eigenvalues of order 3 or 4 to appear in cases in which this condition is not satisfied.

3D Forest: An application for descriptions of three-dimensional forest structures using terrestrial LiDAR.

Terrestrial laser scanning is a powerful technology for capturing the three-dimensional structure of forests with a high level of detail and accuracy. Over the last decade, many algorithms have been developed to extract various tree parameters from terrestrial laser scanning data. Here we present 3D Forest, an open-source non-platform-specific software application with an easy-to-use graphical user interface with the compilation of algorithms focused on the forest environment and extraction of tree parameters. The current version (0.42) extracts important parameters of forest structure from the terrestrial laser scanning data, such as stem positions (X, Y, Z), tree heights, diameters at breast height (DBH), as well as more advanced parameters such as tree planar projections, stem profiles or detailed crown parameters including convex and concave crown surface and volume. Moreover, 3D Forest provides quantitative measures of between-crown interactions and their real arrangement in 3D space. 3D Forest also includes an original algorithm of automatic tree segmentation and crown segmentation. Comparison with field data measurements showed no significant difference in measuring DBH or tree height using 3D Forest, although for DBH only the Randomized Hough Transform algorithm proved to be sufficiently resistant to noise and provided results comparable to traditional field measurements.