Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks are subjected to some design constraints (e.g., processing capability, storage memory, energy consumption, fixed deployment, etc.) and to outdoor harsh conditions that deeply affect the network reliability. The aim of this work is to provide a deeper understanding about the way redundancy and node deployment affect the network reliability. In more detail, the paper analyzes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network for low-power and low-cost applications and calculates its reliability considering the real environmental conditions and the real arrangement of the nodes deployed in the field. The reliability of the system has been evaluated by looking for both hardware failures and communication errors. A reliability prediction based on different handbooks has been carried out to estimate the failure rate of the nodes self-designed and self-developed to be used under harsh environments. Then, using the Fault Tree Analysis the real deployment of the nodes is taken into account considering the Wi-Fi coverage area and the possible communication link between nearby nodes. The findings show how different node arrangements provide significantly different reliability. The positioning is therefore essential in order to obtain maximum performance from a Wireless sensor network.
Highlights
Internet of Things (IoT) solutions are becoming a fundamental asset in many different applications, from industry scenarios [1,2,3] to agriculture and forestry [4]
The reliability of the proposed wireless sensor network is evaluated following three steps, each one carried out using a different reliability technique: 1. Reliability analysis of the root node and the sensor node, using the three reliability handbooks described in Section 2.1 to take into account the hardware failures that can occur to the nodes; 2
A Fault Tree analysis to optimize the reliability of the network considering the real deployment of the nodes and their wi-fi coverage range
Summary
Internet of Things (IoT) solutions are becoming a fundamental asset in many different applications, from industry scenarios [1,2,3] to agriculture and forestry [4]. This could be due to the limited computing power and storage capacity of the sensor node; 4. The size of the solar panel and the capacity of the battery can be calculated and adapted to provide the appropriate power supply to meet the requirements of the IoT node. This is not always enough to solve the problem entirely (e.g., presence of dimension and cost constraints, repeatedly cloudy days, different hours of daylight depending on the season, etc.) leading to a limited energy supply of the sensor node; 5. If cybersecurity is not adequately considered, there is a vulnerability to external network cyberattacks (especially in presence of mission-critical networks)
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