Ready-made Products Research Articles

The Potential of using Georgian Wine and Dried Prune in the Production of Bakery Products

A study was conducted on bread enriched with grape seed flour and Saperavi* wine to determine the total phenolics and anthocyanins transferred. Additionally, the physical-chemical parameters of bread baked using standard technology and bread enriched with dried prunes were evaluated and the organoleptic properties of the ready-made product were studied.

Vegan and Vegetarian Soups Are Excellent Sources of Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

The cholinesterase theory stands as the most popular worldwide therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the absence of a cure for AD, a plant-based diet has been repeatedly shown as positive in the prevention of AD, including exploring ready-made products in stores and the development of new functional foods. This study compared the anti-acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity of thirty-two Polish market soups and five newly formulated soups intended to be functional. Additionally, the research aimed to assess the significance of animal content, distinguishing between vegan and vegetarian options, in cholinesterase inhibition. The anticholinesterase activity was investigated using a spectrophotometric method, and the inhibitory activity was expressed as % inhibition of the enzyme. The study categorized soups into three groups based on ingredients: those containing animal-derived components, vegetarian soups and vegan soups. Soups exhibited varying levels of activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), indicating differences in their compositions. Composition appeared to be the primary factor influencing anticholinesterase activity, as soups within each group showed significant variability in activity levels. While some commercial soups demonstrated notable anticholinesterase activity, they did not surpass the effectiveness of the optimized soups developed in the laboratory. Certain ingredients were associated with higher anticholinesterase activity, such as coconut, potato, onion, garlic, parsley and various spices and herbs. Vegetarian and vegan soups exhibited comparable or even superior anticholinesterase activity compared to animal-derived soups, highlighting the importance of plant-based ingredients. The study underscores the need for further research to explore the mechanisms underlying the anticholinesterase activity of soups, including the impact of ingredient combinations and processing methods.

Assessment of the Content of Glycoalkaloids in Potato Snacks Made from Colored Potatoes, Resulting from the Action of Organic Acids and Thermal Processing.

Glycoalkaloids (TGAs, total glycoalkaloids), toxic secondary metabolites, are found in potatoes (110-335 mg·kg-1 DW), mainly in the peel. Colorful, unpeeled potatoes are an innovative raw material for the production of snacks which are poorly tested in terms of their glycoalkaloid content. Third-generation snacks and French fries made from red-fleshed Mulberry Beauty (MB) and purple-fleshed Double Fun (DF) potatoes were produced with the use of 1% solutions of ascorbic, citric, lactic, malic, and tartaric acids to stabilize the structure of anthocyanins in the raw material and maintain their color in obtained products. The influence of the type of acid and thermal processes, like frying, microwaving, and baking, on the content of glycoalkaloids in ready-made products was examined. Only 0.45-1.26 mg·100 g-1 of TGA was found in pellet snacks and 1.32-1.71 mg·100 g-1 in French fries. Soaking blanched potatoes in organic acid solution reduced the α-chaconine content by 91-97% in snacks and by 57-93% in French fries in relation to the raw material to the greatest extent after the use of malic acid and the DF variety. The effect of lactic and citric acid was also beneficial, especially in the production of baked French fries from MB potatoes.

Peningkatan Kesehatan Masyarakat dengan Pembuatan Cairan Fermentasi dari Limbah Sayur dan Buah sebagai Obat Kumur dan Obat Aneka Luka

The liquid product resulting from fermentation of leftover vegetables and fruit that is still fresh and not rotten for approximately 100 days has the characteristics of being brown in color, has an aroma like vinegar or fresh sourness and a very acidic pH, namely less than 4. This fermented product contains acertic acid and lactic acid and is a natural antimicrobial source, so it has antibacterial and anti-fungal capabilities. This antibacterial activity can inhibit the activity of bacteria that cause tooth decay such as L.acidophilus and S.mutans bacteria so it can be used as a mouthwash. The wound healing process can be accelerated due to the presence of antibacterial compounds by stimulating the body's immune response. So that this fermented liquid can be used as a wound medicine. Community service activities in the form of counseling, practice of making fermented liquid and providing ready-made products are topics carried out at RT 07 LK IV, Timbangan Indralaya Utara, Ogan Ilir Sumatera Sealatan. The counseling participants were mothers and young women, estimated to be 15 - 25 people. To make it easier for the extension participants to understand and the aim of the activity to be achieved, a demonstration was carried out on making fermentation liquid, harvesting F2 products with mint leaves for gargling and distributing the product. The extension participants were very enthusiastic about participating in the activity, seen from the many questions asked.

Development of a sustainable diet index in US adults

BackgroundA transformation towards healthy diets through a sustainable food system is essential to enhance both human and planet health. Development of a valid, multidimensional, quantitative index of a sustainable diet would allow monitoring progress in the US population. We evaluated the content and construct validity of a sustainable diet index for US adults (SDI-US) based on data collected at the individual level.MethodsThe SDI-US, adapted from the SDI validated in the French population, was developed using data on US adults aged 20 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2018 (n = 25,543). The index consisted of 4 sub-indices, made up of 12 indicators, corresponding to 4 dimensions of sustainable diets (nutritional quality, environmental impacts, affordability (economic), and ready-made product use behaviors (sociocultural)). A higher SDI-US score indicates greater alignment with sustainable diets (range: 4–20). Validation analyses were performed, including the assessment of the relevance of each indicator, correlations between individual indicators, sub-indices, and total SDI-US, differences in scores between sociodemographic subgroups, and associations with selected food groups in dietary guidelines, the alternative Mediterranean diet (aMed) score, and the EAT-Lancet diet score.ResultsTotal SDI-US mean was 13.1 (standard error 0.04). The correlation between SDI-US and sub-indices ranged from 0.39 for the environmental sub-index to 0.61 for the economic sub-index (Pearson Correlation coefficient). The correlation between a modified SDI-US after removing each sub-index and the SDI-US ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. aMed scores and EAT-Lancet diet scores were significantly higher among adults in the highest SDI-US quintile compared to the lowest quintile (aMed: 4.6 vs. 3.2; EAT-Lancet diet score: 9.9 vs. 8.7 p < .0001 for both).ConclusionsOverall, content and construct validity of the SDI-US were acceptable. The SDI-US reflected the key features of sustainable diets by integrating four sub-indices, comparable to the SDI-France. The SDI-US can be used to assess alignment with sustainable diets in the US. Continued monitoring of US adults’ diets using the SDI-US could help improve dietary sustainability.

Diet Diversity During Infancy and the Prevalence of Sensitization and Allergy in Children up to 3 Years of Age in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland.

The study examines the influence of a diversified diet, changes in the consistency of introduced foods, and the method of meal preparation during infancy on the development of sensitization and/or allergy in toddlers. Introducing more product groups into the diet reduced the risk of allergy at 6 months of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.71; P = 0.015) and at 12 months (aOR = 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.57; P = 0.006). Children with allergy and/or sensitization had been introduced to fewer product groups at 6 months (P = 0.003; P < 0.001; P = 0.008) and at 12 months (P = 0.001, P < 0.001; P = 0.001) compared with those without allergy and/or sensitization. Children with allergy and/or sensitization were fed ready-made, ie, purchased, products significantly more often than self-prepared foods compared with children without allergy and/or sensitization (P = 0.001; P = 0.006). Allergic and/or sensitized children tended to be switched to solids later (11 vs 10 months, P = 0.041; P = 0.037) (12 vs 10 months, P = 0.013) than children without sensitization and/or allergy. The earlier introduction of a varied diet reduced the risk of allergy and/or sensitization. Delaying the introduction of solid foods and using ready-made products instead of self-prepared ones increases the risk of allergy in toddlers.

Public-private partnership in the production of defense products and the organization of construction and restoration work

This article discusses two problems in the political and economic life of the Russian Federation, determined by the scale of the NWO: the need for a significant and rapid increase in the output of defense products and the need for a large amount of construction and restoration work in the new regions of the Russian Federation (DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson areas). The article shows that the various types of state support used by the Government of the Russian Federation for the Military Industrial Complex (MIC) do not provide a multiple increase in the output of the military-industrial complex. In the Russian Federation, the structure of the distribution of state defense orders should be promptly restructured, relying not only on existing military-industrial complex enterprises, but also on small and medium-sized businesses. At the same time, it is necessary to actively use small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their resources (formed teams of workers, machine park, readymade production sites, etc.). The article proposes to create conditions for solving isolated problems through the development of small and medium-sized businesses involved in the public-private partnership (PPP) system and the corresponding change in the legislative framework. At the same time, it is necessary to signifi cantly expand the use of PPP mechanisms in the modern economy of the Russian Federation. The necessary scientific justification and practical recommendations for using the PPP methodology were proposed by the author of this work in his previous scientific papers.

Assessment of adulteration in the composition of dog food based on DNA identification by real-time PCR

In a situation where the market of ready-made pet foods is the fastest growing in Europe, dog caregivers show some concerns about the use of ready-made products. Although pet food labels must be detailed and should inform about ingredients, mislabeling is an increasingly growing problem in the pet food industry. In an increasing number of studies, species undeclared by pet food producers are detected. This is especially important when using pet foods as an elimination diet in the diagnosis of adverse food reactions (AFR), as it interferes with the correct diagnosis. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess adulteration in the composition of complete commercial dry dog foods based on chicken DNA and pork DNA identification using the real-time PCR method. The study was conducted to determine whether dry over the counter foods (OTC) are a reliable alternative to veterinary therapeutic diets in the diagnosis and long-term therapy of AFR. The material consisted of 29 dry dog foods, some of which were labeled by the producers as hypoallergenic or mono-protein. Our research has shown that both mono-protein and hypoallergenic foods contain undeclared sources of animal proteins with lower economic value. In our study, 65 % of the dog foods contained undeclared chicken DNA, while 41 % – undeclared pork DNA. These results shown that both mono-protein and hypoallergenic dry dog foods should not be used in the diagnosis and long-term therapy of AFR in dogs with food allergies, as they may interfere with the effectiveness of the therapy, giving false negative results.

Effect of L-Tryptophan and L-Glutamic Acid on Carrot Yield and Its Quality

Positively affecting crop quality and yields, amino acids used as plant stimulants play a special role in ensuring global food security. L-tryptophan (L-Try) and L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) are important biostimulants that increase the yield of field crops and vegetables. Carrot is one of the most important vegetables due to its production volume in the world (sixth most consumed vegetable) and its nutritional value. The response of different plant species to amino acid application varies. The literature mainly deals with the effects of ready-made products containing a mixture of several amino acids, with no exhaustive studies on the effects of individual amino acids on carrot quality and yield. This paper is based on a two-year field experiment (2019–2020), in which the effect of two amino acids, L-Trp (7.5 g·ha−1) and L-Glu (60.0 g·ha−1), on carrot (Daucus carota L.) was investigated. They were applied to the leaves (FA) or both to the soil and to the leaves (S + FA), separately, (L-Trp or L-Glu) or as a mixture (L-Trp + L-Glu). The control plot was treated with mineral fertilizers only. The research was conducted as a field experiment in a split-block design. The yield of carrot storage roots and their content of dry matter, protein, sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), and ascorbic acid were determined. The amino acids positively affected the yield of carrots compared to the control, but only the synergistic action of L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid increased it significantly. On average, for both amino acids the S + FA application increased the protein content and the marketable yield of storage roots significantly more than in response to FA treatment. A significant increase in marketable yield compared to the control was found after the combined soil and foliar application (S + FA) of all amino acid combinations, but the L-Trp + L-Glu mixture worked best. The storage roots of carrots grown on the plot with L-Trp + L-Glu contained significantly more protein and TSS than those on the control plot. The content of TSS was also positively affected by L-Trp used on its own, while L-Glu increased the content of ascorbic acid. Amino acids applied to the leaves (FA) increased the content of total sugars in the carrot roots more than when applied both to the soil and to the leaves (S + FA). Of all treatment combinations, the synergistic action of L-Trp and L-Glu made it possible to obtain the highest yields of carrot storage roots, containing the most protein and total soluble solids.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN NUGGET IKAN TUNA BAGI KELOMPOK MITRA DI DESA TANA TOA KECAMATAN KAJANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

Indonesia as a Maritime Country has wider sea/water than its land area, one of the countries that has the largest fish content in the world. This extraordinary potential must be utilized to the fullest extent possible to improve the economy for the welfare of the people. The nutritional content of fish includes protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and omega 3 fatty acids which have good benefits for the body. In addition, the nutritional content of fish is also much better when compared to foodstuffs derived from other proteins. So far, most fishermen or fish collectors only sell raw or salted fish, even though fish can be processed into a variety of products without reducing the nutritional value of fish. Diversification of processed fish will provide added value to processed fish products in addition to that the market will be wider both domestically and abroad because consumers have many choices. Processed fish products will be in demand by global consumers, if there is standardization and guarantee of safety and quality assurance for consumers, so that it can affect the increase in people's income. In the Community Partnership Program (PKM) they are not only taught how to process/cook, but also how to pack them properly and sell them to consumers. The participants also hope that this kind of activity will continue to be held on an ongoing basis so that it will become the basic capital to start selling fish, not only raw or semi-finished products, but contemporary ready-made products that are in great demand in the market, so that the ultimate goal is achieved, which is to increase their income. Fish nuggets are selected as a product that will be developed in this PKM. Other ingredients needed for fish nuggets, such as carrots and corn, are widely available in Bulukumba. Carrots and corn, can enrich the nutritional content of the nuggets, so that children and adults will be interested in consuming fish nuggets, which will lead to an increase in income health and community welfare

Heliceculture as a new promising direction of agriculture in Ukraine

Heliculture (also sometimes called heliculture or simply snail farming) is the human activity of collecting, breeding, and growing edible species of land snails for food and cosmetic purposes. The meat and caviar of snails are eaten, and the mucus is used as a cosmetic. Breeding snails in artificial conditions is a profitable business that few people know about and which can bring a lot of pleasure and a good income. In our country, snails are exotic, and in many European countries this product is common and often eaten. The most famous species of edible land snail can be considered the grape snail Helix pomatia, also sometimes called the Burgundy snail. This species, however, is not suitable for commercial breeding. The two most popular species for commercial breeding are Cornu aspersum, also known as Helix aspersa muller, and Helix aspersa maxima. Intensive fishing of the mollusk Helix pomatia in Ukraine has led to the fact that the world's natural resources have been drastically reduced, which is why this type of mollusk needs careful attention. A number of scientists and farmers prove the prospects of obtaining extracts from the mucus of terrestrial molluscs and the production of medicinal and cosmetic preparations based on them. However, the population of this species in natural conditions has sharply decreased, in connection with which there is a need for artificial breeding of terrestrial molluscs. It is necessary to take into account that snails are a specific product that must be constantly improved and made competitive. It is for these purposes to carry out large-scale mating and breeding of snails with the aim of further processing of caviar and mucus for pharmaceuticals and cosmetology. It is necessary to have sufficient experience in this field and a good organization of work, which will allow the producer to offer a wide range of snail meat, both ready-made products for food purposes, and stock of mother herds for breeding by the next generation of starting farms.

Calculation of the bending parameters of a flat workpiece into a twist of a helicoid torso

Helical surfaces are deployable and non-deployable. The first is the surface of a helical conoid widely used in technology, known as the screw. The second one is the surface of an unfolding helicoid or torso-helicoid. In both cases, the surface is formed from a blank - a sweep in the form of a flat ring. If in the first case the sweep can be calculated approximately, since the exact one does not exist due to the properties of non-expanded surfaces, then in the second case it is calculated exactly. However, this does not mean that it is just as possible to form a ready-made product from it - a twist of a helicoid torso. In contrast to non-expanded surfaces, during the manufacture of which the workpiece is subjected to complex stretching and compression deformations, an expanded surface can be obtained by bending with minimal plastic deformations, the magnitude of which depends on the thickness of the sheet. Bending occurs along rectilinear generators, which are theoretically located on the workpiece. In the process of bending, the location of these generators should not change. In the theory of differential geometry, such a process can be described analytically and is called continuous bending. With regard to the manufacture of the twist of the torso-helicoid, this means a gradual increase in the step to the desired value. The work contains parametric equations that describe this method of bending. At the same time, not only stretching of the workpiece along the axis of the coil occurs, but also its twisting around the axis. A comparison of these two movements was made and it was found that the relationship between them is not linear. The work gives a formula describing this dependence. According to it, when the workpiece is uniformly stretched along the axis, the angle of its twist around the axis increases according to a dependence close to quadratic. In the work, examples of the use of the torso-helicoid are given, the surface is visualized, and graphs are constructed. Confirmation of the reliability of the obtained results is the first found quadratic form of the torso-helicoid, which does not change when the surface is bent

Свойства наноструктурированного витамина С и перспективы его использования в составе функциональных продуктов питания

The study was conducted to study the properties of nanostructured vitamin C in var-ious carbohydrate shells (xanthan gum, sodium alginate, carrageenan, konjac gum, gellan gum) and the possibility of its use as a functional ingredient. The study of the self-organization of nanostructured vitamin C showed that the formation of nanocap-sules occurs spontaneously due to non-covalent interactions. This indicates that they are characterized by self-assembly. Since fractal compositions are found in an aque-ous solution of nanocapsules at a sufficiently low concentration, they have self-organization. The presence of a fractal indicates the possibility of obtaining a com-pletely different polymer with an almost unchanged composition of the macromole-cule. This "new polymer" will have different molecular characteristics and a different suprasegmental structure. Therefore, nanostructured vitamin C has supramolecular properties. It is shown that the shape and size of vitamin C nanocapsules significantly depend on the nature of the shell. The polydispersity coefficient in xanthan gum is 3.40, which suggests that the vitamin C nanocapsules in this case approach the ellip-soid shape, and in konjac gum, gelan gum, and carrageenan, this coefficient has a value of 1.26, 1.39, and 1.48, respectively, which indicates an approximation of the geometry of these nanocapsules in a spherical shape. At the same time, the average size of nanocapsules also significantly depends on the nature of the shell: the largest average size (358 nm) is characteristic of xanthan gum, and the smallest average size (93 nm) of particles is observed in konjac gum. At the same time, the smallest size of D10 (74 nm) is characteristic of carrageenan. The introduction of nanostructured vit-amin C in the formulation of marmalade and wheat bread allows you to get ready-made products with functional properties.

Towards Digitalization of Business Processes: Building a Business Domain Ontology for Project Management

The article presents an ontological model of the subject area. It was designed to improve the efficiency of the software development process and reduce development costs. This ontological model is recommended to be used in the formation of the company’s software architecture. The article contains data on the process and results of developing an ontological model of the selected subject area. The theoretical justification of the application of the ontological approach is presented. The business domain of relations between IT directors during the implementation of the digitalization project of the company’s business process is defined as a subject area. The sources of the metadata of the ontological model were the standards for the organization of collective activity – ISO 21500:2012 and PRINCE2. The ontological model was developed in accordance with the basic characteristics of the modeling process and the mathematical apparatus that established the relationship of concepts and the order of inheritance of attributes. The project topics became layers of the ontological model, the responsibility for the consistent implementation of which is borne by IT directors, as well as the functional tasks and functional roles of IT management distributed among them. The order and direction of interaction of the IT management in the project is shown by the relationships between the entities of the model. The chosen form of visualization - semantic network - allows you to demonstrate the result of the development of an ontological model and can be considered as a ready-made product to support the semantics of end-user requests in the company.

ENERGY-SAVING ECOLOGICALLY CLEAN TECHNOLOGY OF SILICA BUILDING MATERIALS

The most widely used in construction materials industry are ceramic and lime bricks. Higher energy consumption and several ecological problems make their manufacture to become more and more expensive. The growing market of construction works and constant extension of real estate property increases the demand for cheap and new materials with desired features.&#x0D; As a result of many years intensive scientific researches there is now a practical possibility to offer an alternative and unique sand and water based products technology of manufacture (bricks, wall, floor and roofing tiles, sanitary materials, heat insulating and acid proof materials, decorations etc.) – all of them of desired size, shape and colour.&#x0D; The experience of the structural materials technology development shows that building industry will obtain improved service life and performance from quartz sand suspensions as field installations will continue to move toward adopting and utilizing practices based on technology described herein, rather than on cement technology.&#x0D; This type of manufacture is very profitable for the countries having the deposits of sand everywhere situated and being extracted at very low prices.&#x0D; Relative to conventional construction materials sand and water made products (SWP) with mechano-chemical binders will continue to gain in popularity because of the following advantages: low energy consumption and low prices for the products; ecological safety of the manufacture process and of the ready-made products; good mechanical and design properties; moisture and cold proofness; surface need not be fired; no shrinkage of the products after drying; simple to manufacture a variety of different products; ready availability and flexibility in design; absence of manufacture wastes.

CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS BY UNAIDED AND TRUST MANAGEMENT

The journal Young Scientist (2014) gave a classification of structural products. But with time and the development of financial literacy, there is a need for independent management, moreover, many structural products are given to trust management. Russian investors began to give more and more preference to ready-made products, so today the need to determine the correct diversification and types of management is only growing. The study raises the following questions: which structured products offer fiduciary management, and which are self-managed? The article proposes a classification that makes it possible to look at such a tool as a structural product from the other side. The first part deals with the existing classification according to goals and objectives, which formed the basis of modern theory. The second part describes the classification of structural products for independent and trust management. The positive and negative qualities that determine the principles of division for this classification are given. The final part is an example of self-creation of a structural product on the example of an offer already on the market. The comparative method proves the assumptions put forward in the previous part of the article.

Management Accounting Development in the Process of Digital Economy Formation (Case of Georgia)

In the article there is given the assessment of digital economy in Georgia. It is established that effectiveness of managing activities of the organization depends on the information level support. There are discussed the issues of evaluation of the management accounting system functioning, development of cost accounting and budgeting methods, selection of the automated system for information and analytical support. The management accounting data allows not only to analyze the financial results of the organization activities, but also to manage costs, formulate assortment, investment, contract and pricing policies, and, consequently, directly to manage the organization work. The management accounting, which is the special system of knowledge, skills and abilities, can be described as the combination of two main subject areas: as a science and as a practical field of activity. The digital economics and management accounting are interrelated, because along with their development, the management accounting data appear digitally, processing them while using the innovative technologies. The management accounting should be flexible enough to provide any data needed to make the managerial decisions. The management accounting automation is the individual and complex process, as it is necessary to “transfer” the requirements of owners, managers to the accounting system, in terms of software product functionality and parameters, in accordance with the approved regulations. There exist the ready-made software products designed for automation of accounting, however, for medium and large business entities, the best option is to refine the software package for their specific activities, which will allow them to get the maximum efficiency. The article discusses the options for setting up the management accounting system in the organization, substantiates the benefits of implementing “1C: ERP Enterprise Management” as the mechanism for effective management of the company resources. Keywords: Automation, information technology, digital economy, management, Management accounting, control. JEL Codes: D83, L86, L96 The scientific works of the following authors are dedicated to a similar topic: Tchiladze .I; Sokolov I.V.; Vakhrushina M.A.; Ivashkevich V.B.; Kaverinoi O.D; Karpova T.P; Khorngrena CH.T; Foster D.J; Antonia R.N; Parker R.N and others.

Health Safety Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Products Consumed by Children Aged 0.5-3 Years on the Polish Market.

Toxic elements have a negative impact on health, especially among infants and young children. Even low levels of exposure can impair the normal growth and development of children. In young children, all organs and metabolic processes are insufficiently developed, making them particularly vulnerable to the effects of toxic elements. The aim of this study is to estimate the concentration of toxic elements in products consumed by infants and young children. The health risk of young children due to consumption of ready-made products potentially contaminated with As (arsenic), Cd (cadmium), Hg (mercury), and Pb (lead) was also assessed. A total of 397 samples (dinners, porridges, mousses, snacks “for the handle”, baby drinks, dairy) were analyzed for the content of toxic elements. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess As, Cd, and Pb concentration. The determination of Hg was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In order to estimate children’s exposure to toxic elements, the content of indicators was also assessed: estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI), the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR). The average content of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb for all ready-made products for children is: 1.411 ± 0.248 µg/kg, 2.077 ± 0.154 µg/kg, 3.161 ± 0.159 µg/kg, and 9.265 ± 0.443 µg/kg, respectively. The highest content As was found in wafer/crisps (84.71 µg/kg); in the case of Cd, dinners with fish (20.15 µg/kg); for Hg, dinners with poultry (37.25 µg/kg); and for Pb, fruit mousse (138.99 µg/kg). The results showed that 4.53% of the samples attempted to exceed Pb, and 1.5% exceeded levels of Hg. The highest value of THQ was made in the case of drinks, for Cd and Pb in mousses for children, and Hg for dairy products. The THQ, BMDL, and PTWI ratios were not exceeded. The analyzed ready-to-eat products for children aged 0.5–3 years may contain toxic elements, but most of them appear to be harmless to health.

IMAGE AND FONT COMPOSITION IN GRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF PACKAGING

The article highlights the topical problems of searching for new methods of using font and image elements in project design methodology of compositional integrity of graphic identification development for packaging of consumer goods. Research purpose of the article is to outline and investigate the methods of reflecting identification of packaging with the help of author's unique image and font composition. We have analyzed and determined the role of author's unique creative thinking in ensuring the expedient synthesis of shape formation and optimal convenience, stylistic relevance, and marketing successful component for the development of goods packaging in zoo segment. Graphic design can convey almost any information to its recipient by means of signs and images, particularly on the basis of system typography. Successful combination of typography and visual image creates ideas, phenomena or process of real world. Conscious approach and ecological literacy of modern society is focused on the caring attitude to surrounding environment, particularly to protection of animals, which significantly influences production of both food and consumer type of these goods. Supporting element of this retail is always tightly interconnected with method and aesthetics of packaging. It has been discovered that the methodological structure of graphical visual and image language development, particularly author's unique font, has three main stages: 1st stage - rules of font construction; 2nd stage - work on detalization of separate sign; 3rd - work on font phrase and text. Application of individually developed typography in packaging design becomes a powerful means of visualization in objects of packaging and formation of brand awareness features of these goods. Formation of individual compositional patterns or ornamental elements in combination with author's unique font is the powerful compositional method and tool for solving the problem of visual perception of goods. It has been established that to ensure successful packaging design it is necessary to take into account functional and aesthetic characteristics. Therefore, given the specificity, the wide range of graphic possibilities should be focused on determining the method of combining typography and image. In this case, author's unique stylistics occupies dominant place in compositional identification of choice. It has been determined that graphic language of design project is indirectly dependent on the aspects of printing technologies, which designer can successfully use to finish the holistic perception of ready-made product. The task of choosing the successful technique and principle of visual image language of packaging remains the relevant experimental niche for graphic designers.

ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ АНТИРАБИЧЕСКИХ ПРИВИВОК КАК ЧАСТЬ КУЛЬТУРНО-ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ТРАНСФЕРА В РОССИЮ ПАСТЕРОВСКОГО МЕТОДА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЕЖЕНЕДЕЛЬНИКА «НИВА»)

The article deals with promoting of knowledge of anti-rabies vaccinations as the channel of dissemination of bacteriology achievements. This cultural practice became one of the conditions for the transfer to Russia of the rabies immunoprophylaxis developed in 1885 by L. Pasteur. The analysis by means of social and psychological approach of publications in “Niva” (the illustrated weekly journal) showed that this popular magazine was focused not on scientific search, but on its ready-made product, trying to abstain from the presentation of logical proofs and arguments. The most common forms of the journal content were: data on emergence of Pasteur stations and institutes — the materialized result of introduction of an innovation — and visualization of these objects, medical statistics, the appeal to authorities of the famous scholars and heads of states encouraging the French bacteriologist with awards and money. The weekly sought to form in the potential consumer of the vaccine an idea not so much about vaccinations in general (after immunization against smallpox, this was a passed stage), but about the specifics of anti-rabies vaccination, which was characterized by a course of numerous vaccinations, post-exposure vaccination, the use not of a lancet (as in smallpox vaccination), but injections. In addition, the weekly provided its reader with information important for assimilation of this transfer knowledge: on attenuation of microorganisms (in case of rabies, the weakening of the pathogen virulence was achieved by drying), on disinfection and sterilization, on the value of animal producers (rabbits) and laboratory animals for the emerging immunobiological industry.