Traditional Reading Research Articles

Чтение и библиотека в русской литературной традиции (от помещичьей усадьбы до дачи советского периода)

A personal or family library is an indispensable and significant element of an educated person’s life. Of particular value are writers’ libraries, which are formed both by buying new publications and by receiving books as a gift, and usually with friendly inscriptions. The study of a writer’s library helps to clarify the author’s reading circle and identify possible influences. Gift inscriptions help to determine the level of relationship. Interest in books, reading circle, possibility to understand and discuss the readings are important characteristics of literary characters. The article examines the legacy of N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, L. N. Tolstoy, B. K. Zaitsev, K. G. Paustovsky, M. M. Prishvin and A. T. Tvardovsky. The analysis shows that the literary tradition of homestead and dacha reading and library collecting, which was formed in the 19th century, was developed in the works of the 20th century authors.

КІНЕМАТОГРАФІЧНА ТРАНСПОЗИЦІЯ КОДУ СЕРВАНТЕСА У ФІЛЬМІ "ДОН КІХОТ" ОРСОНА ВЕЛЛСА

The article is dedicated to the problem of transposition of the Cervantes’s Code in the cinematographic adaptation of the novel Don Quixote by Orson Welles (1957-1992). The study focuses on identifying and revealing the aesthetic and ideological kinship of the film adaptation of the American director with the work of the Spanish writer, as well as on the analysis of methods and mechanisms of actualization of the main thematic, problematic, structural and narrative aspects of the novel of Cervantes at various levels of the Welles’s cinematic poetics. Welles retains the "intellectual" skepticism of Cervantes, but demostrates a greater affinity with the romantic tradition of reading this text, which at his time dominated the cinematic and scientific-critical discourse. The actualization of the anachronism of Don Quixote as one of the key thematic codes of Cervantes's novel is carried out by transferring the action of the novel to the Francoist Spain. The structure of the film reproduces the plot mostly on the basis of the first volume. Working in the "manner of Cervantes", the author of the cinematic adaptation uses a wide range of ludic, metatextual and metanarrative techniques that reveal the "auto-reflexivity" of his text. In addition, Welles' adaptation of Don Quixote transposes the linguistic and stylistic codes of the Spanish author's novel by using the cinematic montage techniques, oblique angle shots, and stylized mise-en-scène (in-depth). Those features, in turn, demonstrate the inherent kinship with the baroque style of the second volume. Welles stresses the ambivalence inherent in Cervantes's text: he criticizes modernity, but uses its achievements (especially the cinema) to implement his own utopian cultural program of the new knight of cinema. Welles's film chosen as the object of our study essentially and aesthetically remains "faithful" to the original and at the same time contributes to a deeper understanding of the Cervantes’s code in the modern media space and culture in particular. The film reveals the ability of Cervantes's code to adapt to modern communication technologies and changes in life (cinema, advertising, tourism) that not only present Don Quixote and Sancho Panza as anachronisms, but also ensure their immortality, proving the validity of Welles's idea who states that they are heroes for all ages.

A Double Margin

Studying the share of women in the historical avant-garde movements, Susan Rubin Suleiman (1990) supported Marguerite Duras's assessment of the avant-garde women writers as being “doubly intolerable” – since they do not correspond to the usual revolutionary point of view or that of women. Suleiman introduced the concept of the double margin to refer to the problem of critical and historical reception of women’s avant-garde writing. Since the procedures of the double marginalisation of women’s avant-garde poetics can be observed in different cultural contexts and literary fields, in this paper we will analyse the critical and historical reception of women writers on the Croatian and Yugoslav literary scene who contributed to the literary magazine Krugovi (Circles, 1952–1958) in the 1950s. Although this generation of writers interprets the aspiration of poetry towards a “universal language” (A. Rimbaud) following the avant-garde usages of grammar, figures of speech, and a depoeticised vocabulary, the traditional readings of women's poetics are often based on the expression of women’s experience, the mind and body split, and the biographical interpretation. On the other hand, the oeuvres of women from the Krugovi generation call for a revaluation of the relation between their poetic strategies and the possible gender politics of their poetry. Therefore, we will demonstrate the possibilities of this revaluation by turning to poetical choices, treatment of the lyric subject and the genre in the texts of Vesna Krmpotić, Vesna Parun, and Irena Vrkljan.

When the Virtually Impossible is Virtually Possible: Optimal Workflows and Consultation Types for Virtual Radiology Reading Rooms

To 1) Determine whether virtual reading room (VRR) engagement endured after initial inception amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, 2) Understand factors affecting VRR utilization by radiologists and consulting providers. This Institutional Review Board-exempt study was performed at a large academic medical center. In response to pandemic-induced social-distancing requirements, divisional VRRs replicated the ability for provider "drop-in" consultation including speaking with a radiologist while viewing images together. Average daily users were compared between 7/1/2020-9/28/2020 (more stringent social-distancing guidelines) vs. 11/8/2021-2/5/2022 (more relaxed guidelines), using chi-squared tests. Focus group data on utilization within year one of inception was gathered from radiologists and consulting providers (Internal Medicine, Surgery, and Emergency Medicine), and responses used to predict probability of continued utilization post-social distancing. Linear regression compared 2022 total active user replies from inception through 1/31/22 with 2021 predictive divisional utilization data. There were no significant differences in average daily users during the 2020 period (73) vs. the 2022 period (65; p=0.09). 2022 VRR utilization was higher in radiology divisions with standardized workflows (relying more on cross-sectional imaging) than those with interrupted workflows (relying more on real-time imaging such as ultrasound), R2=0.86 (p<0.05). Radiology divisions receiving multidisciplinary management and long-term treatment planning questions had more long-term utilization than those receiving focused questions for triage, R2=0.79 (p<0.05). VRR engagement endured two years post-inception despite reduced social-distancing guidelines, indicating VRRs may serve as a lasting part of healthcare architecture. Reading room workflow and consulting provider question type predict VRR utilization at the divisional level.

Рейтинг как форма моделирования современного пространства чтения

Reading is a multidimensional phenomenon, being not only a tool for receiving information about the world, but also an instrument of ethical and aesthetic education, a way of spending leisure time. The volume of reading characterizes the personality, indicates erudition, interests, and behavioral features. In ancient times books were available to the few, and the attitude towards them was serious. In antiquity it was recommended to confine oneself to a few selected authors and re-read them. After the invention of book printing, reading gradually losst its elitist character, the book became the most important source of information. In modern society the spread of the Internet and digital technologies has led to a decline in the popularity of traditional reading. The opportunity to obtain compressed information from the Internet and the feeling of accessibility of any information without the need to comprehend and memorize it change the structure of cognitive processes, tune the brain to assimilate ready-made forms, resulting in a loss of interest in reading and an increase in functional illiteracy. It is all the more important to maintain interest in reading, to form the need for it, to draw attention to the best classical and contemporary works. This is the goal of various ratings that are regularly published in print and online publications. They come in two varieties: sales ratings and stimulant ratings. The former reflect the requests of readers, the latter model these requests. Sales ratings record the emergence of interest in a particular book, which can be caused by various factors, for example, the appearance of a film adaptation or the occurrence of situations in real life similar to those described in the book. Stimulant ratings aim to introduce the reader to the type of serious, focused and complicated reading with the help of modern tools: catchy titles resembling advertising slogans, appeals to prestige, the use of debitive and imperative modality. Stimulant ratings are published in quality press and other responsible media, and their influence on the formation of readers’ preferences is undoubtedly great. They perform informative, advertising, educational functions. Introduction to the culture of reading is a socially significant problem. To a certain extent ratings help to solve it. Their role in the modern digital society focusing on the rapid acquisition of compressed information is to form the need for reading, to promote books worthy of attention and to model the reading space.

Beaky Barnes: Egg on the Loose by David Ezra Stein

Reviewed by: Beaky Barnes: Egg on the Loose by David Ezra Stein Ally Byerly Stein, David Ezra Beaky Barnes: Egg on the Loose; written and illus. by David Ezra Stein. Penguin Workshop, 2023 [128p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780593094761 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780593225110 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 2-4 Stein’s first foray into graphic novels begins with a characteristically absurd premise: the fastidious inspector Cobb drops the fried egg from his sandwich and will not rest until he finds a new one. The local café is unfortunately all out of eggs, but the chef, eager to avoid an inspection of his chaotic kitchen, promises to secure a replacement. When the local inventor happens by with her chicken companion, Beaky Barnes, the chef believes he has found a solution to his problem in pilfering one of Beaky’s precious eggs. Spooked by the threat, Beaky takes off on the nearest bicycle, pursued by the inspector (who wants his bicycle back), the chef (who wants the egg), and the inventor (who just wants her friend back). Full of ridiculous characters, zany antics, and tongue-in-cheek humor, this rollicking tale takes off quickly and gleefully lurches off the rails, never taking itself too seriously. Stein’s informal line work and use of light hatching give the narrative a dashed-off, spontaneous feel reminiscent of Quentin Blake, and the animated, moment-to-moment sequencing of the panels impart a cinematic immediacy. This graphic novel’s absurd storyline and wry humor calls up classic cartoon comedies such as Rocky and Bullwinkle or Looney Tunes and will keep even reluctant readers turning the pages. If enjoyed in a pair or group, traditional reading time might be enlivened by assigning each reader a role or two in the colorful cast of characters. Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

“Squeezing Case(s)” with Melville: A Haptic Reading of “The Whiteness of the Whale”

This essay performs a haptic reading of “The Whiteness of the Whale” chapter in Melville’s Moby-Dick. Following Ishmael’s way of “squeezing cases” and touching upon epistemological issues, it explores how Melville’s fiction dramatizes the affective, epistemological, and literary capabilities of touch. Discussing previous work on hapticality in Melville and building upon recent developments regarding the role of the senses in close reading, it starts by delineating the synesthetic tendencies of Melville’s fiction, in which seeing and touching, the impalpable and the palpable, are intermingled in the quest of a “visible truth.” It then examines how, in “The Whiteness of the Whale,” the visual becomes palpable. Indeed, through a singular, underlying focus on textures, Ishmael’s discourse on whiteness performs a simultaneous, equally valid though contradictory alternative to what it says, and a haptic reading of it enables us to squeeze a sense of touch out of this intensely visual chapter. It also highlights the problematic racial implications of a category that erases differences and promotes a semblance of pure, abstract whiteness. Reading the chapter’s famous final paragraph as a painting enables us to recover the haptic phenomenological quality of colors through their textures, which unsettles traditional readings that equate whiteness with terrifying emptiness. A true epistemology of touch in Melville is therefore to be found in the reconfiguration of seeing as touching—what I call a process of becoming-synesthetic, which is revelatory of what literature can feel like—rather than in a mere reversal of the hierarchy between the two senses. Ultimately, this essay highlights the importance of synesthesia in the singular dynamics of literary discourse and its impact on our ways of reading.

The Superhuman Characters in the Prologues of Seneca’s Hercules Furens, Agamemnon, and Thyestes

This paper presents a new hypothesis concerning the prologues of Seneca’s Hercules Furens, Agamemnon, and Thyestes. It provides an interpretive alternative to the controversies associated with the current reading tradition, which places superhuman and protatic characters speaking in the opening acts of these plays on the same level of fictional reality as other heroes, or subordinates them to figurative construction. According to the proposed hypothesis, the specific nature of these three scenes may be the result of applying the convention known, with little variation, from several other dramas in which the ghosts disturb the sleeping. The argumentation emphasises the paradigmatic nature of these opening scenes, which end with a formula setting them at the close of the night. It also points to the fact that in the light of the new assumptions, these prologues — redundant in their expository and anticipatory function — play an important role in structuring the dramatic action. Moreover, in the context of the events that follow them, their content can be explained in terms of the dream theory known from the rationalising philosophical discourses of antiquity. Finally, proposed reading of these scenes is based on the assumption of continuity between the discursive and poetic activity of the author.

Makna Simbolik Tradisi Pembacaan Yāsīn Faḍīlah: Studi Living Qur’an di Desa Jono Kecamatan Tawangharjo Kabupaten Grobogan

This study analyzes the phenomenon of the tradition of reading Yāsīn Faḍīlah in Jono Village, Tawangharjo District, Grobogan Regency, which is unique in its procession, namely that there is a slametan event which is permissible by request according to what ṣāḥibul ḥajat wants. The purpose of this study is to find out the forms of tradition, describe the preservation of tradition, and how symbolic meaning is created in the reading tradition of Yāsīn Faḍīlah. The method used is qualitative with the type of case study research. As for data collection in this study using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, for data analysis, Bronislaw Malinowski's functionalism theory and Herbert Blumer's symbolic interactionism theory were used. The results of this study indicate that the tradition of reading Yāsīn Faḍīlah in Jono Village is divided into 3, namely: Pre-Event, Implementation, and Post-Event. The preservation of this tradition is maintained because the forms of these traditions meet the needs of the people in accordance with Malinowski's theory, namely by fulfilling psycho-biological, social structural, and symbolic needs. While the symbolic meaning is created into four parts, including: 1) The symbol of the relationship with God. 2) Symbol of relationship with ancestors. 3) Symbol of relationship with others. 4) Symbol of relationship with oneself.

Alan J. Thompson. Colossians and Philemon: An Introduction and Commentary

The Tyndale New Testament Commentary series is being revised for a third time, showing that these volumes have stood the test of time, having been read now for generations. Alan Thompson’s volume on Colossians and Philemon fits admirably with the purpose and rationale for the series as a whole, as he has written a lucid commentary on these letters, one that is familiar with scholarship but focuses on unpacking the text for pastors, teachers, and lay readers. The commentary is exegetically insightful, theologically rich, and practically applicable, and I can imagine many passing on Thompson’s insights in all kinds of venues. Thompson is relentless in unpacking the text, effectively and repeatedly drawing attention to how different parts of the letters relate to one another. He also draws connections between Colossians and Philemon in quite a few places in a way that is illuminating and instructive.The commentary centers on explaining the text and not introductory questions. Still, such questions are addressed. The authenticity of Colossians has sometimes been questioned, but Thompson presents a number of arguments in support of Pauline authorship. Some scholars have said that Colossae was an insignificant city, but evidence for this assertion isn’t decisive. The place from which Paul wrote both Colossians and Philemon is also disputed, and Thompson argues for the traditional view that they both hailed from Rome. The nature of the Colossian false teaching has been the subject of controversy for years. Thompson rejects the notion that the false teaching can be traced fundamentally to a gentile or Greek background. The false teachers have some kind of Jewish background mixed with local practices and beliefs that were legalistic in nature and ascetic in character. He identifies the stoicheia as elementary principles and regulations instead of seeing them as spiritual powers. Perhaps Thompson underestimates the role of angels and spiritual powers in contrast to other commentators. In any case, Paul responds to the alien teachers by emphasizing the sufficiency of Christ, rejecting any notion of Jesus plus theology. The Colossian believers have everything they need in Jesus Christ by whose death they have been reconciled to God.A number of different theories have also been promulgated about the situation informing Philemon. Thompson opts for a traditional reading where Onesimus fled from Philemon for some kind of malfeasance. Still, Onesimus was converted when he encountered Paul, and Onesimus’s conversion and his interaction with Paul bring us to the purpose for the letter. Paul’s main concern in writing was to encourage Philemon to welcome Onesimus just as he would welcome Paul. His main aim wasn’t to ask Philemon to send Onesimus back for ministry, nor was his purpose to request Onesimus’s freedom, although it is possible, according to Thompson, that Paul hints that such a release would be fitting. Thompson doesn’t proffer new theories in interpreting Colossians and Philemon, but I was reminded in reading this excellent commentary that the first task is always careful exegesis. We can be grateful to Thompson, then, for an excellent exposition of these two letters where we are reminded of Christ’s preeminence and sufficiency and also of the love that should characterize the relationships of believers.

Is the Main Character of the Odyssey Really the Odysseus from the Iliad Himself?

In the Odyssey the figure of Odysseus appears very different from the one outlined in the Iliad, in which he is not an archer. Also considering many other details of the Odyssey narrative – for example, the concomitance between the journey of Telemachus in search of news of his father and the unexpected return of Odysseus after twenty years, not to mention Odysseus’s strange departure from Ithaca after the massacre of the suitors – it is reasonable to assume that who could hide behind the character of Odysseus could be an expert fighter engaged by Telemachus to prevent Penelope’s impending marriage (which might have jeopardized his aspiration to become king of Ithaca). Actually, all the characteristics of the protagonist of the Odyssey correspond in an extraordinary way to those of a hero of the Iliad, the Cretan Meriones, who during the Trojan War had distinguished himself as a very strong and shrewd warrior and archer: it was he who won the archery competition in the games on the occasion of Patroclus's funeral. One can assume, therefore, that Telemachus on his journey to Pylos and Sparta met that veteran of the Trojan War who put his experience as a fighter at the disposal of the son of his former comrade in arms, helped him solve his problems and left soon after. However, later the poet of the Odyssey would have twisted the reality of the facts in order to transform the final massacre of dozens of unarmed men into a heroic and morally acceptable act. One should also consider that in this new interpretation the journey of Telemachus gains a fundamental importance, while in the traditional reading of the Odyssey it appears completely irrelevant. Keywords: Odyssey, Odysseus, Meriones, Homer, Ithaca

The effects of augmented reality storybooks on student's reading comprehension

The aim of this study is to compare reading comprehension levels of two groups of students—an experimental and a control group—who read the same texts in course books using either augmented reality technique or traditional reading technique. Barrett's taxonomy, which proposes a classification of reading comprehension, consisting of literal comprehension, reorganization, inferential comprehension, evaluation and appreciation, was used to determine the reading comprehension levels of the students. The texts based on the augmented reality were produced with an augmented reality application developed by the authors using the Kotlin programming language. The participants of the study were 120 students aged 11–12 who attend a secondary school in Antalya (Turkey). In the pre‐test phase, both the experimental and control groups read the same texts from the course book and answered the comprehension questions. In the post‐test, the experimental group read the augmented reality texts using tablets while the control group read the texts in the traditional way. Then both groups answered comprehension questions. The results of the pre‐test revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their total comprehension scores and their reading comprehension levels. The post‐test results indicated that the experimental group's overall comprehension scores were much higher than those of the control group. In terms of reading comprehension levels, no difference was found between the two groups in terms of literal comprehension levels. However, the experimental group is found to be much more successful in terms of the reorganization, inferential comprehension, evaluation and appreciation. These findings suggest that the augmented reality content may contribute to the students' reading comprehension performances. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic? There is limited research that augmented reality applications can support reading comprehension in general. Little is known about the effect of augmented reality applications on reading comprehension levels. In the researches examining the effect of augmented reality applications on the reading comprehension levels of students, the existing augmented reality applications were generally preferred. What this paper adds? This study aims to develop an augmented reality application that can be integrated into the textbooks used in schools. In this study, Barrett's taxonomy was used to reveal which levels of reading comprehension the augmented reality application could support. Augmented reality supported reading activity supports students' reorganization, inferential comprehension, evaluation and appreciation levels. Augmented reality supported reading activity does not make a difference in students' literal comprehension levels. Implications for practice and/or policy The developed augmented reality application can be used as a teaching tool in schools. The study provides an example of how augmented reality can be used in reading activity in schools. The data of this study can be used by teachers who want to support students' levels of reorganization, inferential comprehension, evaluation and appreciation comprehension.

The Production of the Book of Mormon in Light of a Tibetan Buddhist Parallel

The Production of the Book of Mormon in Light of a Tibetan Buddhist Parallel

Fostering literacy: Pre-primary pre-service teachers’ reading habits and literature knowledge

In pre-primary education, there is a need for specific research into developing awareness of literary genres that can be used in the EFL classes to promote literacy. A total of 264 students on the Teaching English for Pre-primary Education course participated on an online questionnaire adapted from Cremin et al. (2008), using both qualitative and quantitative questions to provide an insight into the issue. The first part of the questionnaire examined the reading habits of pre-service teachers. The second part probed into the specific knowledge of texts and authors in general for use in the EFL pre-primary classroom. The results showed that there is a very limited tradition of reading outside the EFL classroom from students’ experiences, that there is a very narrow catalogue of texts and genres that students are familiar with and lastly, that literature is primarily seen as a vehicle for vocabulary acquisition. Thus, it is essential to encourage future EFL teachers not only to become more knowledgeable about genres, but also aware of the different reasons to use literature in the classroom to promote literacy.

Nochmals zum Lautwert von Gardiner Sign-List U 23

“Once more on the sound value of Gardiner Sign-List U 23” There has been a dispute about the reading of the sign Gardiner, Sign-List U23. I myself have given arguments that contrary to the traditional reading as mr, a more correct reading is mHr. This proposal has been accepted by a number of scholars, some of them even contributing further proof for this reading. However, others have disagreed, thus Ilona Regulski, Dimitri Meeks and especially Simon Schweitzer. The aim of this contribution is to amass all the evidence in favor of the new proposal and at the same time refute the counter-arguments against it.

Dean Fox’s Lady on the Grass: Berthe Morisot: A chaotic-form as an Otherness

Dean Fox is a contemporary British artist whose representation of Lady on the Grass is a reinterpretation of Berthe Morisot’s Impressionist painting titled Reading. This article analyses Fox’s Lady on the Grass: Berthe Morisot as an abstract body of work that depicts a chaotic-form is being seen as an Otherness. It is a work of abstraction that minimalizes and deconstructs Morisot’s Impressionist traditional figural gestures as a topological exploration of reinvention as a poesis that navigates new possibilities of mapping creativity that exploits a spatiality of interconnectedness ‘knots, proximities, and continuities’ in order to set it free into the world (Serres 2019: 82). Through philosophical concepts that suggest an Otherness the paper discusses Jean-Luc Nancy’s ‘obscurity’ and ‘non-resemblance’, Michel Serres’s ‘mixture’ and ‘co-mingling’, and Édouard Glissant’s ‘disorder’ and ‘chaos’ as postmodernist tendencies towards new ways of looking at figurative gestures. The paper challenges the assumptions behind what makes portraiture not defined through the western notions of realism but rather how it is being seen as a sensory opening in order to unveil new possibilities of feeling the Other. Contrary to a traditional reading of Fox’s Lady on the Grass is being seen as a non-rendering of mimesis, Nancy urges to read it as a disfiguration, Serres’s as a portrait of veil and Glissant’s as a poesis of relational interconnectedness.

LITERASI INFORMASI PERTANIAN OLEH KOMUNITAS PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN DI LABORATORIUM PERPUSTAKAAN PERTANIAN BERBASIS INKLUSI SOSIAL

Libraries have a major contribution in building a knowledge society through collective efforts, to foster reading traditions and culture in society. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of agricultural information literacy by the community and the agricultural community in the Agricultural Library Laboratory Based on Social Inclusion. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an experimental method. The activity was carried out in March-June 2020 at the Urban Agricultural Community (KPP) or KWT which utilizes the agricultural library laboratory as a source of information in optimizing the yard. The number of KWT community members who were sampled were 45 people. The study was conducted in RW.005 Babakan Lebak, Balumbang Jaya Village, Dramaga District - West Bogor. The Agricultural Library Laboratory has provided benefits to the surrounding community. In addition to providing a collection of reading materials and agricultural teaching aids, LPP also facilitates the community in various activities and needs including a cow working space (CWS), angklung playing facilities, martial arts facilities, dance training, teaching and learning exercises and others. Urban agricultural communities/Women Farmers Groups make LPP a vehicle for community activities in searching for literature to support knowledge and understanding in farming. The number of residents registered in urban agricultural activities is 45 people. The average age of KWT members is 44 years.

Recitation and Performance in Late Antique Hebrew

Abstract Significant linguistic research has been carried out in the field of language register and its relevance for speech patterns. In various contexts, language users tend to employ different linguistic features, especially but not limited to the realm of pronunciation. In many linguistic communities, there is a higher register of language associated with more formal settings, a lower register of language associated with less formal settings, and a wide spectrum of variation in between. In the context of reading traditions that develop around a sacred text, the same principles may apply. While the pronunciation (or phonology) of the reading tradition often interacts with and is influenced by the vernacular, tradents of the reading tradition often try to preserve a more “archaic,” conservative, and/or simply distinct pronunciation. There appears to be evidence that such a phenomenon was already at play in Biblical Hebrew reading traditions of late antiquity. By comparing Greek and Latin transcriptions of the Biblical Hebrew reading traditions of late antiquity to transcriptions of Hebrew taken from non-biblical sources, we can actually isolate multiple features that demonstrate a distinct difference in pronunciation between biblical and non-biblical sources. The collection of linguistic features characteristic of the reading tradition may properly be termed a “performance register,” the societal implications of which for Jewish communities of late antiquity will be explored in closing.

When the Readers Break the Rules

Abstract The Quranic text today is recited in ten canonical reading traditions with two distinct canonical transmissions each. These reading traditions are distinct in their phonological and morphological details, as well as the interpretation of the ambiguous consonantal text. However, they all have in common that they adhere to the consonantal skeleton of the standard Quran text. Despite this adherence, on rare occasions readers do deviate from this standard text. This paper examines those cases, and explores the reasons why the canonical readers felt licensed to do so. Especially ʾAbū ʿAmr was prone to deviate from the consonantal text in cases of perceived grammatical issues. Moreover, the readers occasionally deviated from their regional consonantal text when other regional codices had another form. Finally, readers deviated from the consonantal text, in cases where the text came in conflict with the pausal spelling principle.

From Making Things to Making Meaning

Design is a quality of the material world and refers to the production of objects and the processes used to make them. In the physical world, design refers to form and function. In the digital world, the construct of design embodies meaning making. Immersed in a digital world, the ability of individuals to fully participate in contemporary society is significantly impacted by their ability to derive meaning from their interactions with multi-modal digital texts. Understanding, using, and producing knowledge in the digital world requires literacy competencies beyond those needed for the traditional reading and writing. ‘Design' is therefore an essential literacy for the 21st century. In the present article, the authors trace the evolution of the concept of design literacy, frame design literacy as a human-centred literacy, and argue for the imperative of the inclusion of design literacy in higher education.