Reading Skills In Young Children Research Articles

Education and Local Wisdom: Improving Quranic Reading Skills of Early Childhood Using Buginese Spelling in Bone Regency, Indonesia

Various methods of reading the Quran have been implemented to improve the skills of young children reading the Quran in Indonesia. One of them is using the local wisdom of Buginese spelling. This research aims to explore improving the Quran reading skills of young children using Buginese spelling, and to make out the Quran reading skills of young children. This research used a qualitative method with a phenomenological design. This research involved seven important informants who were believed to be able to provide the required data. It consisted of four Quran teachers, one religious instructor and two early childhood students. Data was collected through observation and in-depth interviews. Data analysis went through four stages, namely; data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that Quran education using the local wisdom of Buginese spelling has been proven to increase Quran reading in early childhood. This happens because it is easy to understand and applied interactively and collaboratively and the strong support from the government and society. The implication of this research is that to strengthen the teaching of reading the Quran to early childhood, interaction between teachers and students is very necessary. Since every teaching method that is carried out interactively in language that is easy to understand will bring maximum results. Finally, it recommend that the local wisdom of regional languages as a language of instruction to improve early childhood Quran reading skills can be applied to communities that are still isolated from the local language.

Manfaat Media Kartu Gambar untuk Peningkatan Membaca Permulaan Anak Usia Dini: Studi Kasus TK Kristen Satu Atap Sabron Yaru Kabupaten Jayapura

This research was conducted at TK Satu Atap Sabron Sari, Kampung Sabron Sari, Sentani Barat District, Jayapura Regency, focusing on the effectiveness of using picture cards as a medium to enhance early reading skills in young children. Established on July 9, 2010, under the auspices of Yayasan Laskar Kristus, this kindergarten offers a conducive and comfortable learning environment, making it a preferred choice for many parents in the area. The study employed an observational method with a two-cycle learning approach. In Cycle I, it was found that the majority of the students were categorized as Not Yet Developed in reading ability. However, in Cycle II, following the implementation of picture cards as a learning medium, there was a significant improvement in reading skills, with an increase in the number of students achieving Developed According to Expectations and Fully Developed categories. These results indicate that the use of picture cards is an effective method to enhance early reading skills. This study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate learning media to support the learning process in early childhood, especially in the context of beginning reading skills.

The Effects of Shared e-Book Reading With Dynamic Text and Speech Output on the Single-Word Reading Skills of Young Children With Developmental Disabilities.

Purpose This study investigated the use of a new software feature, namely, dynamic text with speech output, on the acquisition of single-word reading skills by six children with developmental disabilities during shared e-book reading experiences with six typically developing peers. Method A single-subject, multiple-probe design across participants was used to evaluate the effects of the software intervention. Six children with developmental delays were the primary focus for intervention, while six children with typical development participated as peer partners in intervention activities. e-Books were created with the new software feature, in which a child selects a picture from the e-book and the written word is presented dynamically and then spoken out. These e-books were then used in shared reading activities with dyads including a child with a disability and a peer with typical development. Participants engaged in the shared reading activity for an average of 13 sessions over a 6-week time period, an average of 65 min of intervention for each dyad. Results Participants with disabilities acquired an average of 73% of the words to which they were exposed, a gain of 4.3 words above the baseline average of 1.7 correct responses. The average effect size (Tau-U) was .94, evidence of a very large effect. Conclusion The results provide evidence that the use of e-books with the dynamic text and speech output feature during inclusive shared reading activities can be an effective and socially valid method to develop the single-word reading skills of young children with developmental disabilities.

Improving Early Reading Skills in Young Children Through an iPad App

This study evaluated the effectiveness of using a researcher-developed iPad app with a 0- to 5-s constant time delay procedure to improve phonological awareness skills of young children with mild developmental delays in a small-group arrangement in a rural public elementary school in Southwest United States. The study was conducted using a multiple-probe design across three target phonemes and replicated with three young children. Results indicated all children not only improved their performance on their target phonemes but also learned some of their peers’ target phonemes through observational learning. Implications for using tablet computers in a small-group arrangement are discussed.

A Procedural Content Generation-Based Framework for Educational Games: Toward a Tailored Data-Driven Game for Developing Early English Reading Skills

Automated content generation for educational games has become an emerging research problem, as manual authoring is often time consuming and costly. In this article, we present a procedural content generation framework that intends to produce educational game content from the viewpoint of both designer and user. This framework generates content by means of genetic algorithm, and thereby offers designers the ability to control the process of content generation for various learning goals according to their preferences. It further takes into consideration how the content can adapt according to the skill of the users. We demonstrate effectiveness of the framework by way of an empirical study of human players in an educational language learning game aiming at developing early English reading skills of young children. The results of our study confirm that users’ performance measurably improves when game contents are customized to their individual ability, in contrast to their improvement in uncustomized games. Moreover, the results show that the lowest proficiency participants demonstrated greater improvements in performance while playing the customized game than did the more highly proficient participants.

균형적 언어교육 프로그램 모형 개발 -드림스타트 저소득 가정 유아를 대상으로-

본 연구는 드림스타트에 참여하는 저소득 가정의 유아들을 위해 균형적 언어교육 프로그램 모형을 개발하고 적용하는 데 목적이 있다. 프로그램 개발은 균형적 언어교육의 기본 관점 및 교수학습방법의 특징을 기초로 하였으며 교수체제 개발의 일반적인 모형인 ADDIE에 근거하여 분석-설계-개발-실행-평가의 절차에 따라 진행되었다. 개발된 프로그램은 균형적 언어교육 접근법의 관점에서 총체적 그림책 읽기와 구조화된 읽기, 쓰기 프로그램을 포함하는 프로그램의 내용, 교수학습 원리, 교수학습 전략 등의 교수학습방법, 교수학습평가체제가 제시되었다. 프로그램의 적용은 2015년 6월부터 11월 초반까지 드림스타트에 참여하는 유아 20명을 대상으로 이루어졌으며 유아 읽기 발달 검사, 교사 저널, 부모 만족도 조사를 통해 적용된 프로그램을 평가하였다. 적용결과, 유아들의 읽기 발달에 있어서 향상되는 경향성을 보였으며 교사저널의 질적 분석 결과 책 선호도, 글자에 대한 관심, 개별화된 언어교수법의 효과성 등 문해 발달의 기초적 능력의 향상에서 프로그램의 우수성을 찾을 수 있었다. 본 연구는 균형적 언어교육 접근법의 관점에서 저소득 가정 유아의 문해 발달을 지원하는 구체적인 프로그램의 실행방법을 제시했다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. This study aims to develop and apply the language education program model - based on balanced language education approach - on development of literacy of young children in low-income families, specially participating in Dream Start public welfare service. Development of this languge education program was based on the basic view and characteristis of balanced language education. It was progressed in accordance with Analyze-Design-Develop-implement-Evaluate(ADDIE), which is an widely-used instructional design model. Educational contents including reading skills of picture books based on whole language approach and well-structured reading and writing sequences, teaching and learning method including the principles and the strategies and teaching and learning systematic evaluation method are proposed in viewpoint of balanced language teaching approach. The application of the program was conducted targeting 20 young children participating in Dream Start welfare service from June 2015 until early November. To evaluate the effectiveness of this program, word reading inspection and nonsense word reading inspection developed by Ko, Yeon-Kyung(2002) were performed. The reflective thinking journal of visiting teachers and the satisfaction reported by parents were analysed in the qualitative research method. As a result, reading skills of young children were improved. The superiority of the program - prefernce for the picture book, interests in written languages, effectiveness of individualized language education method - was demonstrated by qualitative analysis of reflective journal. This study has the significance on presenting the executable language education model for literacy development of young children in low-income families based on balanced language education approach.

The Relationship between Early Reading Skills and Speech and Language Performance in Young Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

To examine the early reading skills of young children with cleft lip and palate and to examine the relationship between early reading skills and speech and language performance. A total of 56 children participated in the study: 28 children with cleft lip and palate and 28 noncleft children matched for age (mean age, 5 years 7 months), gender, and months of formal schooling. The two groups of children were compared (t tests) on the Test of Early Reading-3. Pearson product moment correlations were performed to examine separately the relationship between early reading skills and speech production abilities and between early reading skills and receptive and expressive language abilities for the two groups. Statistically significant group differences were noted on the Test of Early Reading-3. The mean score of 99 obtained by the group of children with cleft lip and palate was within normal limits compared with the norms for the Test of Early Reading-3; however, 14% of the children with cleft lip and palate scored outside the normal range on the Test of Early Reading-3. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between early reading skills and speech production abilities and between early reading skills and language abilities. Children with cleft lip and palate differed from noncleft peers in speech and early reading skills. Children with the most severe speech problems were the children with the poorest performance on the Test of Early Reading-3. Management of children with cleft lip and palate should include early identification of and intervention for delays in speech, language, and reading.

Assessment of emerging reading skills in young native speakers and language learners

To automate assessments of beginning readers, especially those still learning English, we have investigated the types of knowledge sources that teachers use and have tried to incorporate them into an automated system. We describe a set of speech recognition and verification experiments and compare teacher scores with automatic scores in order to decide when a novel pronunciation is best viewed as a reading error or as dialect variation. Since no one classroom teacher is expected to be familiar with as many dialect systems as might occur in an urban classroom, making progress in automated assessments in this area can improve the consistency and fairness of reading assessment. We found that automatic methods performed best when the acoustic models were trained on both native and non-native speech, and argue that this training condition is necessary for automatic reading assessment since a child’s reading ability is not directly observable in one utterance. We also found assessment of emerging reading skills in young children to be an area ripe for more research!

The Effects of Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies on the Beginning Reading Skills of Young Children with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) often exhibit reading problems that contribute to a progressive pattern of academic underachievement and school failure. However, limited research exists concerning effective reading interventions for students with E/BD. One reading program that has been validated in the literature with students who have learning disabilities (LD) is Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS), which consists of teacher-led and peer tutoring components. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Kindergarten PALS (K-PALS) in increasing the beginning reading skills of kindergarten students identified as having E/BD. Results indicated that the peer tutoring phase of K-PALS led to increases in student scores on letter-sound correspondence and blending probes. Consistent with the literature on the efficacy of PALS with the LD population, these findings suggest that K-PALS is a promising approach in increasing the reading performance of students with E/BD who are at risk for reading failure.

Comparing the Predictive Validity of First Grade Teacher Ratings and Reading-Related Tests on Third Grade Levels of Reading Skills in Young Children Exposed to Poverty

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative utility of teacher ratings versus several kinds of reading-related tests measured in the spring of first grade in predicting third grade levels of reading skills in a sample of predominantly ethnic minority children exposed to poverty (N = 170). The reading-related tests included measures of children's print and vocabulary knowledge and phonological awareness. Linear regression analyses indicated that, in general, teacher ratings predicted later individual differences in reading ability with similar accuracy to that of the reading-related tests. Children were next classified as either reading impaired or normally achieving based on their standardized reading scores in third grade. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the first grade teacher ratings classified children into third grade reading groups with a high level of accuracy (at least 73% of the sample correctly identified) and comparable to classification based on reading-related test performance. The results provide strong support for the utility of teacher ratings as a relatively efficient and cost effective method for early identification of disadvantaged children at high risk of developing reading failure.

The Role of Pictures in Learning to Read

Summary The one constant aspect of children's books is that they include pictures. It is known that pictures can hinder some aspects of the development of reading skills in young children. Yet, in other ways they may serve a supportive function. The situation is not a simple one since what is seen as unsupportive in one approach to teaching reading may be supportive in another. When and where pictures might provide support is considered.