Reading Scientific Articles Research Articles

QUEIXAS PSICOSSOMÁTICAS NA DOENÇA MENTAL: ESTUDO DE CASO BASEADO NAS SOMATIZAÇÕES DE PACIENTES PSICÓTICAS

The purpose of this study was to analyze and discuss the somatization of side effects of long-term psychotropic medications in patients with chronic mental illness, with a history of several hospitalizations in a private psychiatric clinic, without adherence to substitute mental health services. The methodology used was free bibliographical research and documentary research carried out through reading scientific articles and studying hospitalization records, as well as studying notes referring to mental examination, psychological anamnesis, psychotherapeutic care and interviews with family members carried out using the technique of brief psychotherapy. Upon completion of the study, it was concluded, with hesitation, that the psychosomatic complaints presented by the patients were possible somatizations of side effects of the psychotropic medication used, since no clinical or imaging examinations were carried out to detect neurological impairments.

Evidence-based practice in respiratory healthcare professionals in Latin America: a survey of the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT).

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a systematic approach to professional practice using the best available evidence to make informed clinical decisions in healthcare. It is necessary to measure and identify strengths and opportunities for improvement. To assess the knowledge and application of EBP in respiratory health professionals in Latin America. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The questionnaire was distributed online to health professionals in Latin American countries. Demographic data, professional characteristics, EBP training, and questionnaire responses were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. A total of 448 respiratory health professionals participated in the study. Responses were obtained from 17 countries where the majority were female, with an average age of 42. Participants included physicians, physiotherapists, nurses, respiratory therapists, speech therapists, and occupational therapists. Overall scores indicated moderate to high levels of EBP knowledge and application. However, variations were observed in different dimensions. Factors such as EBP training, reading scientific articles, and professional characteristics were associated with higher scores. Barriers to implementing EBP were identified mostly related to institutional support. This study provides information on the knowledge and implementation of EBP in respiratory health professionals in Latin America. Although the overall levels of knowledge and application of EBP were moderate to high, there are options for improvement, especially in addressing barriers to implementation.

Determinants of Evidence Implementation by Nurses: #Evidencer Model for the Use of Evidence-Based Practice (#EvidencerMUSEBP)—A Structural Equation Model

Existing studies have identified specific factors influencing some dimensions of evidence-based practice (EBP) competence and use. However, the way these factors interact still needs to be clarified. The purpose of the study was to test a model based on the Determinant Frameworks that explain the relationships and the direct pathways between the characteristics of the nurses, the context, and the implementation strategies and the dimensions of EBP competence, attitude, knowledge, skills, and use of EBP. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain during January and February 2020, involving 2,370 nurses employed in public health centers across all autonomous communities within the National Health System. An online survey was administered to gather data, addressing various topics related to the nurses’ characteristics, the context in which they worked, the implementation strategy, and their competence in evidence-based practice (EBP). As depicted in the conceptual framework, a structural equation model was constructed to test the hypothesized relationships among key study variables. The model obtained showed a good fit (χ2/df = 3.20, p<0.001; RMSEA = 0.030 [90% CI 0.025, 0.036]; CFI = 0.989; GFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.983). The context, more specifically, the dimensions of nurse participation in the center’s affairs, nursing foundations for quality of care, nurse manager ability leadership and support of nurses, and implementation strategy have a direct and positive effect on EBP use. Training in EBP, reading scientific articles, and having a doctorate are associated with higher competence and knowledge in EBP. The final fit shows the #Evidencer model for the use of EBP (#EvidencerMUSEBP) with two main components: the contextual and strategic factors that influence the implementation of EBP and the characteristics of the professionals, such as their training and reading of articles, which have an impact on EBP competence. This model could guide healthcare organizations in proposing comprehensive interventions to improve EBP use and the competency of nurses.

Rehabilitation Practices Delivered by Physical and Occupational Therapists to Brazilian Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a health condition that has affected the development of thousands of children in Brazil. Because it is a new condition, its understanding is an ongoing process. Therefore, it is important to know the rehabilitation interventions being delivered to improve the functioning of these children. We aimed to describe the practices of physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) who provide follow-up care for children with CZS in Brazil. This cross-sectional study included PTs and OTs who assist children with CZS in Brazil. An online questionnaire was used to verify the participants' personal characteristics and professional work environment, as well as the rehabilitation programs they implemented in Brazil for children with CZS. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 116 professionals (79 PT and 37 OT) who work mainly in public health services (81.9%) participated in the study. Of these, 24.1% plan interventions based on reading scientific articles, 66.4% did not report using the biopsychosocial model, 52.6% do not perform any assessments before starting an intervention, 31.9% use neurodevelopmental treatment, and 22.4% use sensorimotor stimulation interventions. The majority of the interventions are delivered 1 to 2 times a week, lasting up to 1 hour. Professional training and knowledge translation strategies are needed to implement evidence-based practices and improve the quality of rehabilitation programs for Brazilian children with CZS.

Eficácia dos selantes dentários na prevenção da cárie infantil nos diferentes níveis sócioeconômicos

Sealants for pits, fissures, and occlusal surfaces are an effective preventive measure against occlusal caries in children, especially those from low-income backgrounds who have the highest DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth). The objective of this study is to demonstrate, through a literature review, the importance of sealant application for a better prognosis and lower incidence of occlusal caries in children. The methodology employed involves searching for articles from the past 10 years (2013-2023) on the LILACS platform, using keywords such as "sealant and caries prevention," "childhood caries and low income," and "childhood caries and social inequality." Additionally, national studies such as SB Brazil 2003 and SB Brazil 2010 were included. As a result, it is evident that the implementation of preventive sealants in childhood has proven to be an effective and non-invasive method for preventing childhood caries by forming a physical barrier between the vulnerable occlusal surface and the oral environment

Besoins en formations et informations en biologie de l’allergie : résultats de l’enquête SFA/ANAFORCAL

Biology is an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of allergic patients. To complete the survey of young allergists published in 2022, the Allergy Biology Working Group (GTBA) in partnership with ANAFORCAL has carried out a new survey of senior allergists to assess their training in allergy biology and to know their expectations in terms of information and continuing education. A total of 1095 allergists were contacted (with duplicates between the two lists) and 219 responded. Allergists consider themselves to be well trained. More than 70% believe they have a good knowledge of the subject and 94% receive regular training on the subject, first at congresses, by reading scientific articles and then at local training meetings. Of this sample, 69.4% have read the recommendations on the biology of allergy published in 2021. Of those who have read it, 90% are satisfied with it. However, of this sample, 89% had never done an internship in an immuno-allergology laboratory during their studies. This survey reports that 95% of respondents want more training and information, about new Activé par Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® about Aries Systems Corporation molecular allergens, then the exploration of bradykine angioedema, allergen chips, about tryptase and finally for the follow-up of immunotherapy allergen (ITA). These themes are desired in online CPD training, at the French-speaking congress of allergology (CFA), or in the form of sheets on the site of the French Society of Allergology (SFA).

Literature Review: Air Oxygen Level Monitoring System

Oxygen is a very important gas for humans. The need for oxygen around the plant is very low because the exhaust gas from various factories often becomes pollutants, one of which is the cement industry. The oxygen content needs to be known so that the level of vigilance of workers and the community is higher. For this reason, it is necessary to make a monitoring device for oxygen content. In this view will be discussed several gas sensors, especially oxygen sensors. In addition, Arduino microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi microprocessors were also discussed. The goal is to be able to determine the type of oxygen sensor as a detector of oxygen levels in the air. The discussion of microcontrollers and microprocessors is also a determinant of the motherboard connected to the oxygen sensor. Thus, the explanation of this review can be used to develop a monitoring system for oxygen content in the air. The research method used is in the form of literature studies. Literature study is the process of finding research data or information by reading scientific journals, reference books, and articles about oxygen content monitoring devices. This tool functions as a gas analyzer by choosing the MQ-135 sensor as an oxygen sensor because it is more affordable and easy to obtain which is supported by the Raspberry Pi device.

Beware 'persuasive communication devices' when writing and reading scientific articles.

Authors rely on a range of devices and techniques to attract and maintain the interest of readers, and to convince them of the merits of the author's point of view. However, when writing a scientific article, authors must use these 'persuasive communication devices' carefully. In particular, they must be explicit about the limitations of their work, avoid obfuscation, and resist the temptation to oversell their results. Here we discuss a list of persuasive communication devices and we encourage authors, as well as reviewers and editors, to think carefully about their use.

Biomedical Engineering Students’ Question Posing Skill Based on Reading Scientific Articles

Biomedical Engineering Students’ Question Posing Skill Based on Reading Scientific Articles

Barriers to conducting independent quantitative research in low-income countries: A cross-sectional study of public health graduate students in Liberia.

During recent disease outbreaks, quantitative research has been used to investigate intervention scenarios while accounting for local epidemiological, social, and clinical context. Despite the value of such work, few documented research efforts have been observed to originate from low-income countries. This study aimed to assess barriers that may be limiting the awareness and conduct of quantitative research among Liberian public health graduate students. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered September-November 2021 to Master's in Public Health (MPH) students in Liberia. Potential barriers around technology access, understanding of quantitative science, and availability of mentorship were interrogated. Associations between barriers and self-reported likelihood of conducting quantitative research within six months of the investigation period were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression. Among 120 participating MPH students, 86% reported owning a personal computer, but 18.4% and 39.4% had machines with malfunctioning hardware and/or with battery power lasting ≤2 hours, respectively. On average, students reported having poor internet network 3.4 days weekly. 47% reported never using any computer software for analysis, and 46% reported no specific knowledge on statistical analysis. Students indicated spending a median 30 minutes per week reading scientific articles. Moreover, 50% had no access to quantitative research mentors. Despite barriers, 59% indicated they were very likely to undertake quantitative research in the next 6 months; only 7% indicated they were not at all likely. Computer ownership was found to be statistically significantly associated with higher likelihood of conducting quantitative research in the multivariable analysis (aOR: 4.90,95% CI: 1.54-16.3). The high likelihood of conducting quantitative research among MPH students contrasts with limitations around computing capacity, awareness of research tools/methods, and access to mentorship. To promote rigorous analytical research in Liberia, there is a need for systematic measures to enhance capacity for diverse quantitative methods through efforts sensitive to the local research environment.

Discussion of Annotated Research Articles Results in Increases in Scientific Literacy within a Cell Biology Course.

As the amount and complexity of scientific knowledge continues to grow, it is essential to educate scientifically literate citizens who can comprehend the process of science and the implications of technological advances. This is especially important when educating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) college students, since they may play a central role in the future of scientific research and its communication. A central part of decoding and interpreting scientific information is the ability to analyze scientific research articles. For this reason, many different approaches for reading scientific research articles have been developed and published. Despite the availability of numerous ways of analyzing scientific research articles, biology students can face challenges that may prevent them from fully comprehending the text. We sought to address student challenges with science vocabulary and content knowledge by adding structural supports to in-classroom article discussions through the use of annotated articles from the Science in the Classroom initiative. We describe the pedagogical approach used for discussing scientific research articles within a required biology course. In this context, we found that students' scientific literacy skills increased at the end of the semester. We also found that, for each article discussed, the majority of students could interpret graphical representations of article results and that they could identify and comprehend components of the experimental design of the study.

Рецепция научного интернет-текста: экспериментальное исследование

The results of an experimental study are discussed, the purpose of which is to determine the general and specific principles of the reception of a academic text posted on the Internet, taking into account a group of communicative and technological factors, including the possibility of using interactive elements that control attention and perception of the text (affordances), and the use of extralinguistic material elements. Through a combination of methods – oculographic research, user experience analysis (UX-observation) and semi-structured interview – the data were obtained indicating the areas of attention and the structure of reading scientific Internet articles by users, as well as tactics of interacting with the text and understanding its content, depending on the presence or absence of affordances. The readers of scientific texts have academic affiliations and different experience of interacting with scientific materials. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to take into account two groups of data in the course of studying the reception of a academic text: visual fixation on a text element / behavioral reaction to it and verbal representation of a text element during an interview. The paper draws preliminary inferences about how the readers perceive scientific Internet articles depending on the technological organization of the context. In conclusion, the requirements are offered for the organization of the main stage of the study.

THE ABILITY TO READ RESEARCH ARTICLES: PROFILE OF STUDENTS IN THE BIOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMS' OF UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG

This study aims to determine the profile of students of the undergraduate Biology Education program at UIN Walisongo Semarang. This study is descriptive qualitative with a survey method. The number of participants was 96 students of the Biology Education Program from different years. The instruments used were reading scientific articles and tests of the ability to read scientific articles. Data in the form of test answers, given a score and analyzed using the formula mean and percentage, then categorized. The results showed that the student's ability to read research articles was categorized as very low (Counterargument (15.67%) and Refutation (1.8%)), low (Motive (35.62%), Support (23.85), and Implication (28.17)), moderate (Novelty, 52.92%), and high (Objective (75.59%) and Main Conclusion 76.55%)). This research concludes that the ability to read scientific articles of undergraduate biology education students still needs improvement by applying learning methods/models or giving an assignment that can improve the ability to read scientific articles.

Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccines and Its Hesitancy Among Jordanian Population.

BackgroundSince the spread of the COVID-19 virus, governments are putting significant resources into ending the pandemic. Vaccination arises as the best solution to get back to our everyday lives. However, we are now facing vaccine hesitancy, which is a critical problem.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between December 15, 2020, and March 1, 2021, using a validated online-based questionnaire; participants were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program based on multiple factors.ResultsA total of 1607 participants throughout Jordan have responded to the questionnaire, among which 880 (54.8%) have bachelor's degrees, 236 (14.7%) have a high educational level (master and doctoral), and 491 (30.5%) have a diploma or less. Although this is a non-probable sample, it is not a representative sample as, according to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), only 33.6% of the Jordan population have a tertiary education.Overall, 892 (55.5%) of the studied subjects had the intention to take the vaccine, distributed as follows: 156 (66.1%) of the high educational participants wanted to take the vaccine, compared to 512 (58.2%) of those who have bachelor’s degree and 224 (45.6%) of those who have diploma or less (p < 0.001). Reading scientific articles talking about the vaccines and their effects (55.6%, p < 0.001), knowing the mechanism of action (45.2%, p = 0.007), getting proper medical advice (27.2%, p < 0.001), encouraged by the increasing number of infections and deaths (39.7%, p < 0.001), and the number of people who received the vaccine (16.1%, p < 0.001) were the most critical factors that played a role in taking the vaccine by all of the studied groups.Male gender (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.54-2.64; p < 0.001), high income of more than 1000 JDs (1400 USD) (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 2.21-4.71; p < 0.001), having an educational level of either high education (OR = 3.39; 95% CI = 2.07-5.55; p < 0.001) or bachelor degree (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.25-2.24; p = 0.001), and being encouraged by the increasing number of infections and deaths caused by COVID-19 (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.46-2.66; p < 0.001) were all significantly associated with the willingness to take the vaccine.ConclusionAs the world rushes toward vaccination to end the pandemic, efforts are needed to end this phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy by enlightening people with the precise knowledge regarding the vaccine's mechanism of action, side effects, and efficacy focusing mainly on people with lower educational levels.

NEEDS ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING AMONG PHARMACY DIPLOMA STUDENTS

English use in tourism sector is different from business or pharmacy field, so English language learning based on needs has to be carried out. To determine the needs for English language learning in certain fields requires a needs analysis whose results can later be applied in the curriculum. This study aims to investigate the needs of Pharmacy Diploma students for English language learning. The subjects of this study were 57 Pharmacy Diploma students who had also worked as pharmaceutical technicians. The data was obtained by using a questionnaire which was then analysed for its frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Based on the research, the most important skills for Pharmacy Diploma students were Speaking and Translation. Meanwhile, the most significant functions of English were to read scientific articles, operate tools or computers, and communicate with patients and colleagues. Furthermore, the problems experienced by Pharmacy Diploma students in the use of English were difficulties in understanding someone speaking English quickly and also vocabulary related to the health or pharmacy. It then can be concluded that English language learning needed by Pharmacy Diploma students is related to speaking, translation, and also vocabulary enrichment related to health and pharmacy. Compiling curriculum adjusting the needs and the use of English by students is recommended.

Analysis of Reading Interest of English Education of Students on Scientific Articles

This study aims to determine how interested students are in reading scientific articles in the English Education Department and to find out what factors make students interested in reading scientific articles in the English Education Department. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method. The results showed that the reading interest of English education students towards scientific articles was quite good. Reading interest arises from within students because of the demands of academics to achieve educational goals and ideals. The factors that make students interested in reading scientific articles are educational. The lecture material and the completion of final assignments require students to read many references to scientific articles. Then there is the motivation factor, where the motivation comes from the lecturer who always provides support so that students read more scientific articles to increase knowledge and insight and motivation from within because of the demands of lecture material or completion of final assignments to achieve their goals.

Pitanje samoobrazovanja u kontinuiranom profesionalnom razvoju stomatologa Ukrajine u uslovima pandemije virusa Covid-19

Background: The rapid development of the dental industry and the daily practice of dentists necessitate constant learning because replenishing the stock of acquired knowledge and skills is the basis for the formation of a highly qualified specialist. Self-directed learning, especially reading and purposeful work with medical literature, constantly contribute to the development of thinking, which should correspond to the modern level of science in medical professionals in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to monitor and analyze ways to obtain new scientific and practical knowledge by dentists to improve their dental practice. Materials and methods: The study involved 4.026 dentists who filled out for dentists online. Results: To improve daily dental practice, dentists additionally use information that is provided in lectures at scientific and practical events (80.19%) and Internet resources (71.48%). For dentists, the most convenient way to read scientific and practical articles was through the electronic version on the websites of the journals (62.20%). Informing doctors with articles with well-illustrated clinical cases (72.66%) and lectures along with practical materials (64.75%) are of the greatest interest to the vast majority of dentists. Conclusion: According to the analytical results, it is shown that the main ways of obtaining scientific and practical information for dentists in the process of self-directed learning is the active involvement of the materials gained on the lectures, scientific and practical events, from Internet resources, from scientific and methodological literature, from scientific articles of domestic and foreign English-language professional journals.

Effective Development of a Remote Full-Day Summer Neuroscience Program at the University of Pennsylvania.

Online education programs are becoming increasingly prevalent, with the COVID-19 pandemic greatly accelerating their prominence. Even as colleges and universities have returned to in-person learning, the need for effective remote learning options remains relevant. Importantly, online programs can increase access for non-traditional students, international students, and under-represented minorities. While information has been published about methods to successfully transition traditional lecture and laboratory courses online, one area that has received less attention has been that of summer programs. Because these programs are typically full-day programs, they present a unique challenge for online engagement. In this study, I describe the development of an online full-day summer neuroscience program that was taught over a three-week period. The main goal of the program was to promote students' future interest in the field of neuroscience. Three additional goals were to introduce them to neuroscience content, give them exposure to reading scientific journal articles, and give them practice with oral presentations. In order to promote these goals, four complementary components were incorporated into each day's programming: 1. Synchronous full-group lectures, 2. Synchronous small-group Journal Clubs, 3. Synchronous small-group Neuroethics Clubs, and 4. Asynchronous lab activities. Student evaluation feedback showed that the program was successful in stimulating the students' future interest in neuroscience. These levels of interest were similar to past in-person versions of the program. Students also gained increased experience with neuroscience content, journal articles, and presentations. Therefore, this program can serve as a template for the design of an effective online neuroscience summer program.

Information-seeking behaviors and barriers to the incorporation of scientific evidence into clinical practice: A survey with Brazilian dentists.

The aim of this online cross-sectional study is to identify the sources of scientific information used by Brazilian dentists in clinical decision-making and the barriers that they perceive as important to the incorporation of scientific evidence into clinical practice. A pretested questionnaire created in Google Forms which was made available to participants through links sent by e-mail or shared on Facebook® and Instagram® was used to collect the data between October 2018 and May 2019. Only dentists who were involved in direct or indirect care of patients (i.e. clinicians who performed dental procedures or dental educators who participated in the clinical training of graduate or postgraduate dental students) were asked to complete the questionnaire. The sample was comprised of 528 dentists (the response rate from the alumni database was 6.9%); their mean age was 45.2 years (±12.5) and 30.9% had an academic position. The majority were women (68.0%) and lived in Southern or Southeastern Brazil (96.0%). The sources of scientific information more frequently used by them in clinical decision-making were clinical guidelines (65.1%; 95% CI: 60.9, 69.2), scientific articles (56.8%; 95%CI: 52.5, 61.1) and bibliographic databases (48.3%; 95% CI: 43.9, 52.6). The information resource less frequently used was social media. The most important barriers to the clinical use of scientific evidence were: difficulty in determining whether scientific contents found on the Internet were reliable or not (41.8%; 95% CI: 37.6, 46.2), high cost of access to scientific papers (37.7%; 95% CI: 33.5, 41.9), and lack of time for reading scientific articles (32.4%; 95% CI: 28.4, 36.6). Although Brazilian dentists show a positive attitude towards obtaining scientific evidence from reliable sources, there still remain important barriers to the translation of evidence into practice. This can have significant implications for quality of care and should be further investigated.

Training sessions for postgraduates to pass the English exam

Foreign language is a mandatory subject at all stages of higher education - from bachelors to doctoral studies. Knowledge of a foreign language at the present stage of development of science and technology is a very important skill for expanding the exchange of scientific ideas. It is impossible to conduct research in a single country without using world experience. Even with advanced technologies that no one else owns, scientists are forced to study the world’s experience in different fields of activity in order to develop them. Any sphere of human activity involves various developments, so all Sciences are interconnected. Training of young scientists in various fields of science is also based on communication. Without a language, both native and foreign, it is impossible to communicate and understand the subject of study. Reading scientific articles in a foreign language requires knowledge of language grammar and terminology, but as for scientists, this terminology should be narrowly focused. There can be no ambiguity or different interpretations. On the other hand, if we take English words as an example, most of them are polysemantic. Accordingly, it is necessary to operate with the meaning that is applicable in a specific area of use of the term.