Public Reading Research Articles

Peter’s Reforms as National: the Publicistic Aspect of S.V. Solovyov’s “Public Readings on Peter the Great”

Sergey M. Solovyov (1820–1879) – is one of the most well-known and authoritative Russian historians, the author of the monumental work “History of Russia” in 29 volumes, and the creator of the “common scheme of Russian history” (M. Grushevsky). At the same time, his political views and publicistic activity are still not in the focus of the researchers’ attention. The present article attempts to draw special attention to one of the most well-known and repeatedly reprinted work of the historian – his “Public Readings on Peter the Great”. Twelve public lectures were delivered by Solovyov in February – March of 1972 in Moscow Noble Assembly hall in the context of the celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the first all-Russia emperor. Leaving aside the well-studied historiographic value of that work, the author of the article analyzes its text (together with the draft and Solovyov’s commencement address at the grand meeting in Moscow University May 30, 1872) fro the point of view of the currently important political problems in the 1860-ies and the beginning of the 1870-ies years, and above all, the aspects of nationalism. Solovyov appears to be at once an opponent of both Slavophils and Katkov’s nationalism, interpreting “narodnost’” (national character) as historical, dynamic category, while conceiving Russian nation as part of European nations. And at the same tine Solovyov emphasizes the connection of contemporaneity with the formation of personal independence, initiative, as well as compatibility and ability for pubic unity.

Reading publics and a curriculum in literature

AbstractThe notion of reading publics has a secure place in the sociology of Literature but its place in the educational literature around curriculum studies is relatively sparse. Here I address the question of reading publics in a curriculum context by examining school subject curricula whose very raisons d'etre are the creation of a reading public, viz. the curricula in Literature that usually sit inside high school English/Language Arts. I am interested in the extent to which ‘reading publics’ can themselves be ‘read off’ such Literature curricula and also in the kind of reading publics that are imagined as being created through such curricula. Under examination are two senior years courses from the Australian Curriculum: English which imagine two quite different ‘beneficiary publics’ which I argue as class‐based differences, but which nevertheless both represent what I call a ‘weak’ version of an imagined beneficiary public. I conclude by asking how a curriculum might imagine a more socially oriented reading public.

Maiakovskii abroad in colour and sound: My Discovery of America

ABSTRACT Vladimir Maiakovskii travelled to America to give public readings: to be seen and, more importantly, to be heard. However, the fact that Maiakovskii spoke no foreign languages complicated his travels. This is the subject of the author’s inquiry: how does a master of verbal expression cope with being rendered incomprehensible among foreigners, and how does this predicament influence the artistic representation of his experience abroad? The distinguishing feature of Maiakovskii’s travelogue, and the consequence of his temporary muteness in America, is heavy reliance on colour and non-verbal sound to describe and interpret what he sees. Maiakovskii focuses on alternative, non-verbal means of engaging with the foreign that rely on the senses, rather than language. The author traces the functions of colour, sound, and laughter in My Discovery of America: from the poster-like graphics of Maiakovskii’s representation of American cities to a more complex interpretation of their sounds, to the thought-provoking use of laughter.

Women (Re)Writing Milton

Women (Re)Writing Milton

Chinese Centrist Liberal Critics of Trump: A Reconsideration of Contemporary Chinese Liberalism

This article challenges the existing scholarship’s characterisation of Chinese liberal intellectuals as Trumpian intellectuals. By conducting a close reading of Chinese academic publications, lectures and opinions aired on social media, this article finds that besides Trump’s Chinese liberal fans, many leading Chinese liberal intellectuals harshly criticised Trump. However, they do not align themselves with American liberals in making all-out partisan criticisms of Trump and American right-wing politics. Instead, their criticisms are mostly centrist. This article argues that Chinese liberal intellectuals’ centrist criticisms of Trump reflect their Confucian, egalitarian and moderate nationalist sympathies, dimensions of their thoughts which have been ignored by existing scholarship regarding them. By exploring Chinese centrist liberal critics of Trump, this article brings to light the ideological heterogeneity within the Chinese liberal camp previously lumped together under the umbrella of “anti-authoritarianism.”

Presidential Threshold: Expectations and Challenges of the Presidential Candidate 2024

This paper aims to analyze how the government's level of satisfaction has so far been and how the inevitability of prospective leaders who will compete in the 2024 election celebrations for newcomers. The methodology used in this study uses a library research approach, starting with a search for articles using the keywords of government policies in the fields of economics, law, social and democratic and political dynamics ahead of the 2024 elections in the Scopus and Google Scholar the 2015-2022 period and then reviewedbased on four stages, including: 1) Search for articles, 2) Mapping discussion topics, 3). Topic analysis, and 4). Further analysis with the support of credible data that has been published by credible survey institutions. The results of the study and analysis concluded that the hope of bringing in future leaders still reaps pessimism, this happens because in public reading of their satisfaction with the government's performance, in this case the Jokowi-Ma'ruf cabinet, which is already in its third year, is currently considered to have failed to control the government. policy on a number of aspects, especially regarding the fulfillment of public needs, and economic investment, then another challenge is political and democratic disruption, the existence of a presidential threshold will have an impact on the leadership relay which has an oligarchic background and network similar to the political strategy played by elites and political parties. so far. S

КУЛЬТУРНО-ОСВІТНЯ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ГРОМАДСЬКО- ПРОСВІТНИЦЬКИХ ТОВАРИСТВ УКРАЇНИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The article describes the activities of public educational societies of Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. It was found that the period of the second half of the XIX – early XX century was one of the most complex and dynamic in the history of national education. The rapid development of scientific and technological progress and market relations has significantly exacerbated the increase in requirements for general education and training. Public educational activities, which offered new, more democratic and progressive ways of educational evolution, also became significantly more active. Cultural and educational activities of the public in the second half of the XIX – early XX century became extremely relevant and intense. It is established that public educational societies played a significant role in public, social, cultural and educational life in Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. They had a similar structure, purpose and were democratic in nature. The main activities of the societies were the support of existing and the opening of new public schools; creation of classes for classes with adults at public schools; publication of textbooks and books for public reading; awarding prizes for the best works for the education of the masses; providing public schools with textbooks at low prices and, if possible, free of charge; arrangement of bookstores at schools; It was found that the success of many societies, their evolution, was determined by the proper organization of society and the contribution of individuals to their activities. Activists of the societies tried to direct their activities in the direction of spreading knowledge among the people in various sciences, which contributed not only to increase the total literate population, but also to the diverse development of the individual. Contribution to the formation and development of public educational societies of Ukraine, public figures, teachers- educators needs further consideration.

The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk

The Chattering Mind: A Conceptual History of Everyday Talk

Malgré La Ligne Droite : L’Écriture Américaine de Josef Albers

Malgré La Ligne Droite : L’Écriture Américaine de Josef Albers

Stillness and Motion on the Coffee Table: Photochemical Motion Pictures in Gilded Age Periodicals

My research suggests that in addition to local practices, American film historians should continue to be attentive to mass experiences determined not only by location but, in this case, by 19th century periodical reading habits. I focus on the first four years of US public photochemical motion picture exhibition to consider the similarities I found in the use of still photographs to explain and introduce the machines and development processes used to introduce photochemical motion pictures to middle-class reading publics, effectively inviting readers to mentally animate the images themselves in imitatiion of a screening apparatus. I argue that the use of photographs in US magazines, the result of changes in printing practices in the period following the Civil War, shows that in addition to documented exhibitor practices, published magazine accounts also readied potential audience members for the new experience they would encounter by emphasizing the synthesis of individual photographs to create motion pictures. This relationship demonstrates that American periodicals played a crucial role in the way photochemical motion pictures and still photographs were depicted in mass culture to visualize the hidden relationship between photograms once they are placed in motion.

Linear plasmids in Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae.

Linear plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements that have been found in a small number of bacterial species. To date, the only linear plasmids described in the family Enterobacteriaceae belong to Salmonella , first found in Salmonella enterica Typhi. Here, we describe a collection of 12 isolates of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex in which we identified linear plasmids. Screening of assembly graphs assembled from public read sets identified linear plasmid structures in a further 13 K . pneumoniae species complex genomes. We used these 25 linear plasmid sequences to query all bacterial genome assemblies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and discovered an additional 61 linear plasmid sequences in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae species. Gene content analysis divided these plasmids into five distinct phylogroups, with very few genes shared across more than two phylogroups. The majority of linear plasmid-encoded genes are of unknown function; however, each phylogroup carried its own unique toxin–antitoxin system and genes with homology to those encoding the ParAB plasmid stability system. Passage in vitro of the 12 linear plasmid-carrying Klebsiella isolates in our collection (which include representatives of all five phylogroups) indicated that these linear plasmids can be stably maintained, and our data suggest they can transmit between K. pneumoniae strains (including members of globally disseminated multidrug-resistant clones) and also between diverse Enterobacteriaceae species. The linear plasmid sequences, and representative isolates harbouring them, are made available as a resource to facilitate future studies on the evolution and function of these novel plasmids.

Desain Sitem Edukasi Rumah Baca Berbasis Resource Sharing Dengan Model Web Based Learning Di Desa Lau Gumba Kabupaten Karo

In improving the quality of people in Lau Gumba Village, Karo District as one of the tourist destinations in North Sumatra, a deeper review of the education of the Reading House in Lau Gumba Village is needed, so that the impact of the educational results can increase the ability of the community in reading interests in Lau Gumba Village especially in Alkaromah SMK School, Karo District. To support this read interest program requires Design and analysis based on Resource Sharing by taking the Web Based Learning approach as an educational model using web applications. The Reading House to be designed will later become a facility for the community, students and children who are in the village area. The Reading House in Lau Gumba Village is now used as a place of recreation, a place of discussion, socializing and counseling for the surrounding community. Utilization of Reading Houses that have not represented the functions of village libraries are caused by the limited quantity and quality of books that are collections, the lack of educational toys and the absence of volunteer teacher learning companions for the community and children in Lau Gumba Village. The aim of this research is to increase public reading interest in reading houses in Lau Gumba Village as education and information based on Resource Sharing with the Web Based Learning model

Was Gregor Mendel imprisoned in 1849 by the order of the young Emperor François-Joseph?

The appreciation of Gregor Mendel's discovery in 1865 of what we now know as "genes," occurred long after his death in 1884. The difficulties during his life that may have contributed to this have been much discussed. I here propose that Mendel was imprisoned by order of the young Austrian Emperor FranzJoseph after a public reading of a petition seeking that monks be given the same civic rights as normal citizens. Including Mendel, this was signed by six monks of the Saint Thomas monastery of Brünn and was formally presented to the Kremsier Austrian Constitutional Parliament in January 1849. The impact of its adverse reception long influenced Mendel's life.

On Seamus Heaney. By R. F. Foster

As Northern Ireland erupted in violence in the late 1960s, Seamus Heaney commented in a newspaper piece on the delicate balance required to negotiate the chaos. ‘The ideal in politics as in writing’, he wrote, ‘is one of integrity; to establish a congruence between a man’s public image (his speeches and actions or his writings) and his private self (his inherited emotional loyalties, his evolving ideals, his prejudices and uncertainties)’. Heaney’s life-long project was the working out of that congruence between the public and private man, and the critical acclaim he enjoyed during his lifetime and his extraordinary popularity among readers were both due, in no small part, to his success in that undertaking. Beginning with a 1965 profile in Vogue magazine, of all places, and continuing through BBC radio broadcasts, public readings and interviews, his critical writings, and Stepping Stones, Heaney fashioned a highly coherent narrative that grounded his poems in his own personal history. His body of work as a whole is an assertion of a poetic persona that is familiar to his readers everywhere. As the Irish historian R. F. Foster notes at the beginning of this book, ‘It is difficult to write about someone who wrote so well about himself’.

Implementation of paediatric intensive care unit diaries: Feasibility and opinions of parents and healthcare providers

BackgroundThe implementation of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) diaries has been reported as feasible in routine care. To date no feasibility study has compared PICU healthcare providers’ (HCPs) and parents’ opinions on this tool. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe the feasibility and perception of PICU diaries in an Italian PICU from the point of view of parents and HCPs. MethodsThis is a single-centre, prospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care paediatric hospital from August 2020 to May 2021. Children admitted to the emergency department PICU, intubated, and sedated for ≥48 h were enrolled. To explore their perceptions and attitudes with the PICU diary, parents were interviewed at 30 days from their child's discharge from the PICU, whereas PICU HCPs were surveyed at the end of the study. Data were analysed as proportions for categorical variables and means and medians for continuous variables according to the distribution, whereas qualitative data were summarised in categories by two independent researchers. ResultsTwenty families were enrolled in this study. A total of 275 daily PICU diary entries were collected. Children's median age was 9 years (interquartile range = 2–13.25), and the length of stay ranged from 6 to 39 days. PICU diary applicability was rated high by parents and HCPs (>8 on a 1–10 Likert scale). Parents and HCPs perceived PICU diaries as beneficial for communication between staff and families, for parents by expressing their emotions and for staff by becoming aware of how parents experienced their child's admission. Reported barriers were the lack of a private environment, the risk of exposure to public reading, and PICU workload. ConclusionsPICU diaries were feasible and perceived as beneficial both by parents and HCPs. Future research is warranted to understand the effect of PICU diaries on post-PICU outcomes.

Strategies for Improving Text Reading Ability Based on Human-Computer Interaction in Artificial Intelligence.

In order to improve text reading ability, a human-computer interaction method based on artificial intelligence (AI) human-computer interaction is proposed. Firstly, the design of the AI human-computer interaction model is constructed, which includes the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) and the designed baseline model. There are three components: the coding layer is based on a cyclic neural network (recurrent neural network [RNN] encoder layer), which aims to encode the problem and text into a hidden state; the interaction layer is used to integrate problems and text representation; the output layer connects two independent soft Max layers after a fully connected layer, one is used to obtain the starting position of the answer in the text and the other is used to obtain the ending position. In the interaction layer of the model, this manuscript uses hierarchical attention and aggregation mechanism to improve text coding. The traditional model interaction layer has a simple structure, which leads to weak relevance between text and problems, and poor understanding ability of the model. Finally, the self-attention model is used to further enhance the feature representation of text. The experimental results show that the improved model in this manuscript is compared with the public AI human-computer interaction reading comprehension model. According to the data in the table, the accuracy of the model in this manuscript is better than that of the baseline model, in which the exact match (EM) value is increased by 1.4% and the F1 value is increased by 2.7%. However, compared with improvement point 2, the EM and F1 values of the model have decreased by 0.7%. It shows that the output layer has a certain impact on the effect of the model, and the improvement and optimization of the output layer can also improve the performance of the model. It is proved that AI human-computer interaction can effectively improve text reading ability.

Automated Network Assembly of Mechanistic Literature for Informed Evidence Identification to Support Cancer Risk Assessment.

Background:Mechanistic data is increasingly used in hazard identification of chemicals. However, the volume of data is large, challenging the efficient identification and clustering of relevant data.Objectives:We investigated whether evidence identification for hazard assessment can become more efficient and informed through an automated approach that combines machine reading of publications with network visualization tools.Methods:We chose 13 chemicals that were evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs program incorporating the key characteristics of carcinogens (KCCs) approach. Using established literature search terms for KCCs, we retrieved and analyzed literature using Integrated Network and Dynamical Reasoning Assembler (INDRA). INDRA combines large-scale literature processing with pathway databases and extracts relationships between biomolecules, bioprocesses, and chemicals into statements (e.g., “benzene activates DNA damage”). These statements were subsequently assembled into networks and compared with the KCC evaluation by the IARC, to evaluate the informativeness of our approach.Results:We found, in general, larger networks for those chemicals which the IARC has evaluated the evidence to be strong for KCC induction. Larger networks were not directly linked to publication count, given that we retrieved small networks for several chemicals with little support for KCC activation according to the IARC, despite the significant volume of literature for these specific chemicals. In addition, interpreting networks for genotoxicity and DNA repair showed concordance with the IARC KCC evaluation.Discussion:Our method is an automated approach to condense mechanistic literature into searchable and interpretable networks based on an a priori ontology. The approach is no replacement of expert evaluation but, instead, provides an informed structure for experts to quickly identify which statements are made in which papers and how these could connect. We focused on the KCCs because these are supported by well-described search terms. The method needs to be tested in other frameworks as well to demonstrate its generalizability. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9112

Literary Translation and the Expansion of the Ottoman Armenian Reading Public, 1853–1884

Literary Translation and the Expansion of the Ottoman Armenian Reading Public, 1853–1884

Whole genome sequencing-based classification of human-related Haemophilus species and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes

BackgroundBacteria belonging to the genus Haemophilus cause a wide range of diseases in humans. Recently, H. influenzae was classified by the WHO as priority pathogen due to the wide spread of ampicillin resistant strains. However, other Haemophilus spp. are often misclassified as H. influenzae. Therefore, we established an accurate and rapid whole genome sequencing (WGS) based classification and serotyping algorithm and combined it with the detection of resistance genes.MethodsA gene presence/absence-based classification algorithm was developed, which employs the open-source gene-detection tool SRST2 and a new classification database comprising 36 genes, including capsule loci for serotyping. These genes were identified using a comparative genome analysis of 215 strains belonging to ten human-related Haemophilus (sub)species (training dataset). The algorithm was evaluated on 1329 public short read datasets (evaluation dataset) and used to reclassify 262 clinical Haemophilus spp. isolates from 250 patients (German cohort). In addition, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes within the German dataset was evaluated with SRST2 and correlated with results of traditional phenotyping assays.ResultsThe newly developed algorithm can differentiate between clinically relevant Haemophilus species including, but not limited to, H. influenzae, H. haemolyticus, and H. parainfluenzae. It can also identify putative haemin-independent H. haemolyticus strains and determine the serotype of typeable Haemophilus strains. The algorithm performed excellently in the evaluation dataset (99.6% concordance with reported species classification and 99.5% with reported serotype) and revealed several misclassifications. Additionally, 83 out of 262 (31.7%) suspected H. influenzae strains from the German cohort were in fact H. haemolyticus strains, some of which associated with mouth abscesses and lower respiratory tract infections.Resistance genes were detected in 16 out of 262 datasets from the German cohort. Prediction of ampicillin resistance, associated with blaTEM-1D, and tetracycline resistance, associated with tetB, correlated well with available phenotypic data.ConclusionsOur new classification database and algorithm have the potential to improve diagnosis and surveillance of Haemophilus spp. and can easily be coupled with other public genotyping and antimicrobial resistance databases. Our data also point towards a possible pathogenic role of H. haemolyticus strains, which needs to be further investigated.

From poster to publication: Seven steps to success

From poster to publication: Seven steps to success