Reading Novels Research Articles

An analysis of curriculum renewal in ESP context

This article is devoted to the research of the foreign language curriculum set by the department of language training. Specifically, it proposes some changes to the current curriculum of the module “English for lawyers”. In fact, the data were collected from second-year learners and the curriculum of this module. The current curriculum for this module partially meets the standards of the university. The research entails several steps prior to the drawn conclusion. The first step was carried out through needs analysis in order to gather sufficient data about the learners and their preferences. Secondly, the existing curriculum was researched and its advantages and disadvantages were found out. Some drawbacks contain inappropriate teaching materials, lack of legal writing and not well-explained assessment criteria. The gathered outcomes helped to provide some suggestions which include changes regarding the syllabus, textbooks, and methods of the teachers. All these suggestions are based on the drawbacks and advantages of the curriculum. The suggested curriculum includes the integration of all skills; content, skill and task-based syllabus; reading novels related to their profession and succinct explanation of the tasks as well as the assessment criteria. All of these suggestions would be effective for the further development of future lawyers.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Wattpad Terhadap Perilaku Remaja

Technology that continues to develop makes the internet become a medium to disseminate messages that can influence people's behavior. Wattpad is a site and blogging application that is currently in demand by teenager. However, teenager who often act impulsively can experience changes in behavior after reading novels on the Wattpad application. Based on this matter, then this study aims to determine the effect of using the Wattpad application on teenage behavior. This study used a quantitative method to examine the effect of using the Wattpad application on teenage behavior. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. There were 100 respondents who were the users of Wattpad application throughout Indonesia. Data was collected using an online questionnaire and then processed using SPSS version 28 for the classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis, t test, and the coefficient of determination. The results show that the use of the Wattpad application has an influence on teenage behavior by 58.2% and the remaining 41.8% was influenced by other factors not examined in this study.

Kepribadian Ganda Tokoh Claire Dalam Novel Misteri Alter Ego Karya Arin Daniswara

This study aims to describe the form of multiple personalities, the factors causing the emergence of multiple personalities, and the impact of multiple personalities in the novel Misteri Alter Ego by Arin Daniswara. This research is literary research with a descriptive method. The data of this research are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences taken from dialogues and narrative quotes contained in the novel. The research instrument is the researcher herself, assisted by tables containing research indicators. The researcher as an instrument plays a role in analyzing the data obtained and interpreting the data. Data collection techniques are reading and understanding novels, conducting literature studies, determining characters, and finding and recording data found in novels. The data validation technique is the triangulation technique. Data analysis techniques, namely, classifying and analyzing data, interpreting data, and concluding data analysis. The results of the research are: (1) the form of the split personality the character Claire in the Misteri Alter Ego novel by Arin Daniswara is divided into two, namely the host and the evil personality. (2) the factors that cause the emergence of multiple personalities in Claire's character in the novel Misteri Alter Ego by Arin Daniswara consist of two factors, namely trauma from physical violence and trauma from sexual harassment. (3) the impact of the multiple personality traits of Claire in Arin Daniswara's Misteri Alter Ego novel includes partial amnesia, guilt, depression, and suicidal tendencies.

SOCIAL CONFLICTS IN WILLIAM FAULKNER’S NOVEL LIGHT IN AUGUST

This study aims to analyze the social conflict in William Faulkner’s novel. It is done to reveal the types of conflicts found in the novel and causes of conflict in this novel. In conducting this research, the research used qualitative methods. This research is classified as library research because the data collection is done by reading novels and reading several books and other references related to the topic. The data were analyzed based on the type of conflict and its causes and then presented descriptively. In other words, the researcher analyzed the data according to the topic and then present the result in a narrative. In analyzing the data, the researcher used a mimetic approach. The results of the research show that there are two categories of social conflict in the novel, namely: conflict between individuals and individuals and conflict between individuals and group

Introduction: Form and Medium

Introduction: Form and Medium

La Pandémie en science-fiction ed. by Christophe Becker and Clémentine Hogue

Reviewed by: La Pandémie en science-fiction ed. by Christophe Becker and Clémentine Hogue Amy Ransom A French Take on the Pandemic. Christophe Becker and Clémentine Hogue, eds. La Pandémie en science-fiction. Books on Demand, 2021. 164 pp. €8 pbk, €1,99 ebk. Stella Incognita is a French scholarly association for the promotion and development of the study of sf (http://stella-incognita.byethost18.com/). Analagous to our SFRA, it organizes colloquia, but it has also developed one response to the evolving landscape of scholarly publishing by sponsoring juried essay collections available in print from Books on Demand. This [End Page 552] volume, which acknowledges in its introduction, "Penser l'après" [Thinking about Afterward], its inspiration in COVID-19, includes seven articles by university-affiliated academics, including a number of graduate students, on the theme of pandemic in (mostly) twenty-first century works of film and literature. In addition, the volume opens with an article devoted to its presence in the late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century French merveilleux scientifique. These studies offer a partial answer to the questions posed by the editors in their introduction: to what extent has sf documented the realities we have all so recently faced, and what answers does sf provide for the problems posed by the pandemic? The volume includes two essays in English, which I will address first because of their accessibility for readers of SFS. Héloïse Thomas's "'Have You Considered the Perfection of the Virus?' Pandemics, Apocalypses, and the Arts" analyzes how Emily St. John Mandel's critically acclaimed novel Station Eleven (2014) represents (and elides) aspects of the pandemic, deploys multiple types of temporality (linear and cyclical), and ultimately suggests that meaning-making itself functions like a contagion in the novel, positing the arts as both a nostalgic refuge and a utopian remedy. In addition, Helen Mundler's "From the Unheimlich to the new Heimlich: Rereading Margaret Atwood's MaddAddam Trilogy from the Perspective of Covid-19" performs the task so very clearly outlined in its title, invoking, of course, how reading novels published from 2003 to 2013 invokes Freud's uncanny in the context of the current pandemic. Articles in French also analyze works from the Anglo-American corpus, including "Le virus du language dans The Flame Alphabet de Ben Marcus" by Stefania Iliescu, which looks at how this 2012 American novel anticipates aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and specifically how it depicts the state of crisis and the social evils this entails. The volume closes with an examination of the "Black" or bubonic plague in fiction, "La Peste," by Jean-Luc Gautero and Camille Noûs; it addresses an array of mostly twentieth-century works from American writers, including Robert Silverberg's Up the Line (1969) and Michael Crichton's Timeline (1999), with more extended analyses of Connie Willis's Doomsday Book (1992) and Kim Stanley Robinson's The Years of Rice and Salt (2002). Film is the topic of two contributions. Jeanne Ferrier sees the proliferation of zombies in film as itself a sort of pandemic in the twenty-first century in "'Grizzly [sic] ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom': les zombies, pandémie filmique du XXIe siècle." Invoking Kyle Bishop's "zombie renaissance," she analyzes how the creatures in Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later (2002) evolved from precursor films, proposing the idea of "epidemic zombification." Comparing how the hero awakens to the new state of zombie pandemic in a number of films, Ferrier examines the role of scientific hubris in recent Anglo-American films and looks at their relationship to ecocriticism, adding comment on the French film La nuit a dévoré le monde [The night has devoured the world, 2018]. Manouk Borzakian's "Des zombies au Covid-19, l'interminable apocalypse" associates twenty-first-century post-apocalyptic [End Page 553] films with the phenomenon of déjà vu, identifying their structural similarity to earlier films, from George Romero's classic cycle to Terry Gilliam's Twelve Monkeys (1995), but also looking at how they differ, what they inject as new. As a geographer, the (dis)ordering...

ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE IN THE NOVEL “RAIN” BY TERE LIYE

Novels usually only contain writings and rely on the imagination of the reader to describe what happened. Writers and authors must be able to describe their imagination so that the reader can be carried away in the story. For this reason, writers and authors usually use language style to make the story more lively. Tere Liye is one of the well-known Indonesian writers who has its own characteristics in the writing style of each novel. The style of language used by each writer and author of novel will be different. In this study, it will be discussed the style of language used in the novel "Hujan" by Tere Liye. The “Hujan” novels managed to enter the ranks of the Best Seller novels when it was published. It's not only the storyline that can attract readers, but the language it uses also manages to attract people to read novels. This study uses an analytical method, namely by analyzing the contents of the novel "Hujan" by Tere Liye. This study will discuss the language styles contained in the novel “Hujan” including allegory, alusio, anticlimax, antithesis, asyndeton, hyperbole, climax, metaphor, correction, paradox, personification, pleonasm, polysyndeton, repetition, rhetoric, simile, and synecdoche.

ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN NOVEL DIRAWU KÉLONG KARYA AHMAD BAKRI SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN

This study aims to: 1) analyze the structure of the novel Dirawu Kélong by Ahmad Bakri; 2) analyze the educational value of Ahmad Bakri's Dirawu Kélong novel; 3) as well as for learning materials for reading novels in class IX SMP. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis method. The technique of collecting data using the literature study technique and the data source is the novel Dirawu Kélong by Ahmad Bakri. The results of this study are: 1) this novel is themed about the daily life of Udin, the lines used are mixed lines, and the 18 characters involved. The mandate contained in it is to advise about life so that you can think long, respect all God's creatures, and be obedient to your parents; 2) Analysis of educational values ​​in the Dirawu Kélong novel includes character education values, namely religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, national spirit, love peace, love to read, care for the environment, responsibility; 3) the novel Dirawu Kélong deserves to be used as a learning material for reading novels in grade IX SMP because it covers aspects of language, psychology, and cultural background..

Résurgence de l’Histoire dans la fiction: les massacres du by Michel Laronde

Reviewed by: Résurgence de l’Histoire dans la fiction: les massacres du by Michel Laronde Jennifer Howell Laronde, Michel. Résurgence de l’Histoire dans la fiction: les massacres du 17 octobre 1961 à Paris. L’Harmattan, 2021. ISBN 978-2-343-23538-7. Pp. 226. On 17 Oct. 1961, the French Federation of Algeria’s Front de libération nationale (FLN) led a peaceful demonstration against a curfew that unfairly targeted Algerian Muslims living in the French capital. Thousands of people, including women and children, participated in the march. Under orders from Prefect Maurice Papon, the French police and the Compagnies républicaines de sécurité attempted to block access to the city by securing subway and train stations and raiding public buses. Many protestors were brutally attacked, their bodies thrown into the Seine. The next day, official sources reported three deaths and sixty-four wounded. Yet, according to the FLN, journalists, and eyewitnesses, the death toll was considerably higher. Despite government attempts to efface the event from national history, it would later resurface in fiction beginning in 1982 with Georges Mattei’s La guerre des gusses. These works are the focus of Laronde’s study that comparatively analyzes twenty-four novels published between 1982 and 2012, and in which the massacres appear (Laronde ends his study in 2012, the year François Hollande became the first French president to publicly acknowledge [End Page 197] the massacres). The resurgence of 17 Oct. 1961 in French national history, Laronde argues, stems from the progressive development of a corrective discourse of the event in (historical) fiction. Inspired by historical omission, these works reveal the role that literature can play in the processes of individual, collective, and institu- tional remembrance. Through a sustained reading of novels that fit within narrow spatiotemporal and thematic parameters, Laronde’s analysis is perhaps best de- scribed as a case study of the relationship between postcolonial fiction and the workings of memory and postmemory. Similar to Marianne Hirsch’s model of remembrance in second-generation Holocaust literature (explained in the introduc- tion), Laronde understands the repetition of fictional references to the day of the massacre as the product of historical trauma. However, references vary significantly in narrative form and function. These differences—each defined according to one of three ekphrastic paradigms presented in chapter one—form the basis of chapters three and four. The author’s methodology is the subject of chapter two. Interestingly, Laronde notes in the conclusion that his study did not confirm his initial hypothesis. His chronological reading of novels by year of publication failed to reveal the emergence, development, and successful realization of a new literary discourse on 17 Oct. 1961. Rather than finding evidence of a corrective discourse evolving over time, Laronde discovered that reactions to the event’s erasure from national history depend on author identity. His analysis suggests that Franco-Maghrebi writers seek to reintegrate this forgotten chapter of French history so that personal, familial, and communal memory are no longer excluded from the national memory. In contrast, the writing of a corrective discourse by Franco-French authors establishes that “mainstream” cultural production has nevertheless evolved toward a more inclusive national discourse on colonial history, one that is decidedly postcolonial. Published nearly sixty years after the event, Laronde’s work is timely and contributes to our understanding of the processes of remembrance and historicization. Jennifer Howell Illinois State University Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French ...

Estranging the Novel: Poland, Ireland, and Theories of World Literature by Katarzyna Bartoszyńska

Reviewed by: Estranging the Novel: Poland, Ireland, and Theories of World Literature by Katarzyna Bartoszyńska Liam Lanigan Estranging the Novel: Poland, Ireland, and Theories of World Literature. By Katarzyna Bartoszyńska. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2021. xi+182 pp. $34.95. ISBN 978–1–4214–4065–1. In the past two decades models of the ‘literary world-system’, such as those of Franco Moretti, Pascale Casanova, and the Warwick Research Collective, have sought to explain the power relationships between literary traditions and how writers’ work navigates and restructures them. Such models have reshaped how we understand the history of the novel, and especially the role of writing from ‘peripheral’ traditions in that history. In Estranging the Novel, Katarzyna Bartoszyńska challenges the tendency of such theories to read novels in terms of their position on a teleological path towards realism and modernism. For such theorists ‘the central feature of the modern novel is its interest in representing reality’; in doing so, they valorize realism, studying peripheral traditions primarily in terms that seek to explain ‘why these traditions do not follow what is seen as the typical trajectory of the novel’s development’ (p. 4). Bartoszyńska explores novels whose stylistic and formal ‘strangeness’ (p. 4) refuse a realist aesthetic, but she argues that these works ‘illuminate blind spots in theories of the novel’s development’ rather than being ‘detours on the path to realism’ (p. 2). Each chapter places two novels from a given historical era, one Polish and one Irish, in conversation with one another, and in doing so explores aspects of their literary mechanics, exploring what they tell us about the possibilities of the novel form. By analysing peripheral literatures together outside a metropolitan framework, their ‘conscious experiment with literary form’ can be explored on its own terms rather than as a ‘struggle to adapt’ (pp. 4–5), revealing ‘the structural inadequacy of rise-of-the-novel paradigms’ (p. 10). The book eschews broad generalizations about the development of the novel, focusing on the idiosyncratic and self-reflexive formal elements of the particular texts it explores. It examines their often messy narrative elements and internal contradictions for what they reveal about the possibilities of the novel form. In the first chapter, for instance, Bartoszyńska discusses Gulliver’s Travels in conjunction with Ignacy Krasicki’s Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki (The Adventures of Mr Nicholas Wisdom). In both texts the effort to depict possible utopian worlds leads them also to ‘illuminate the limits of fiction’s powers of political pedagogy’ (p. 17). Their narrators are simultaneously reliable guides to the worlds they explore and ironic figures whose errors are themselves the lesson from which the reader is asked to learn. The novels ‘playfully explore the way fiction solicits belief in the unreal, thereby examining the effects of fictionality and the question of whether it deludes or corrupts readers’ (p. 39). Bartoszyńska argues that they serve to ‘call into question fiction’s ability to deliver utopianism’s message, or indeed, any kind of lesson at all’ (pp. 16–17). The following chapter, which discusses Charles Maturin’s Melmoth the Wanderer [End Page 687] and Jan Potocki’s Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie (The Manuscript Found in Saragossa), is similarly concerned with how the texts self-consciously play with the mechanics of fiction, brilliantly exploring the implications of their use of nested narratives and paratextual information such as footnotes that serve to complicate the relationship between the fictional and the real rather than to clarify or codify it. In subsequent chapters Bartoszyńska identifies similar preoccupations with the genre and the ways in which novels create literary worlds that are often internally contradictory and impossible, as a recurring formal feature of Irish and Polish fiction. What emerges is what she calls an understanding of the ‘power of fictionality itself, its ability to bring worlds into being that are experienced as real despite their impossibility’ (p. 124). Fiction, she argues, ‘opens a space beyond the reach of logic or empiricism’ (p. 124). The wider implication of the analysis in Estranging the Novel is that we need an account of novels which are ‘anomalous or strange...

Female Education of Catherine in Northanger Abbey

Northanger Abbey is one of Jane Austen's six novels which contains rich connotation and profound implication. Female education is the theme of the novel. With the help of Gothic novels, Austen interprets the theme of female education in the framework of Catherine and Henry's love and marriage story, and explores how young men and women find their own marriage partners under the pressure of society and the times. Jane Austen expressed her progressive view of female education. She thinks that only relying on parents' education at home can not cultivate mature and rational qualified women. They also need to step into the society and read novels to get personal growth in these activities of communicating with others. In Austen's time, a popular educational concept strongly advocates that women should receive family education to ensure their physical and mental purity, and believes that novels will corrupt their hearts and lead them astray. Austen's view is progressive and positive at that time. She points out the importance of rationality to emotion and imagination, and defends the art of fiction including Gothic novels.

Motivational Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students' Reading Interest

The purpose of this research is to find out factors that affect undergraduate students' lack of motivation in reading. This research only focuses on the surface of the lack of motivation, this research doesn't find the deeper reason. The subject of this study was undergraduate students of IKIP BUDI UTOMO Malang in the English Education Department 2019, A class. The subject was 20 undergraduate students. To collect the data, the researchers used questionnaires and interviews. The use of questionnaires was intended to reveal written data and the interview was unstructured. After distributing the questionnaire, researchers found out that there are few factors affecting undergraduate students lack of motivation in reading. 55% undergraduate students have an average opinion about reading in their spare time, 75% read less than 1 hour everyday and 60% like to read novels. Most of the respondents' motivation to read is to spend time. 43% of the respondents have neutral opinions about whether friends, lecturer or mood have influenced them. And the most obvious obstacle according to the respondents is laziness.

An Efficient Book Reading Mechanism using Deep Learning

Abstract: The importance of reading books and novels has evolved notably with the advancement of information and technology. The relationship among characters in a novel tells an important part of the story. Great novels usually have large and complex character relationship networks due to the number of characters and story complexity. However, with the fast-changing world, people do not get time to read complete books and novels. So, identifying and categorizing the important part of the books, we plan to propose an efficient mechanism based on neural networks, semantic analysis and deep learning which will enable readers to instantly get information about their favourite books.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL BUNDLES USED BY NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE NOVEL WRITERS

The current study intends to explore the lexical bundles in English novels written by native and non-native writers. The study focuses on lexical bundle types and frequencies in the novels of native and non-native English writers. In this modern era of advancement, English has become a dominant language in every field and every country has accepted the preeminence of the English language as the “Tyrannosaurus rex of the linguistic grazing ground” (Swales, 1997). The novel is a genre of fiction and the language of novels is characterized by the use of various expressions, the use of lexical bundles is one of them. In non-native context knowledge about the English language can be improved by reading novels written by native writers. The present study provides insight into the native speakers’ use of lexical bundles in novel writing. Two novels namely Me Before You and Kartography serve as the corpus for study. The research paradigm is quantitative and Biber and Conrad’s (1999) structural taxonomy has been used as the framework for the study. The results revealed that native writers used far more lexical bundles than the non-native writer. Both novel writers used distinct and unique types of lexical bundles, only some types were common in both novels. The category “others” of lexical bundles held the highest place in both native and non-native novels. A variation regarding types can be seen in the second highest category of lexical bundles as in the native novel Me Before You the structure of other noun phrases held the second highest place while in the non-native novel Kartography the structure of other prepositional phrases held the second highest place. Keywords: Lexical bundles, Preeminence, Fiction, Expressions, Expertise

An Extraction and Representation Pipeline for Literary Characters

Readers of novels need to identify and learn about the characters as they develop an understanding of the plot. The paper presents an end-to-end automated pipeline for literary character identification and ongoing work for extracting and comparing character representations for full-length English novels. The character identification pipeline involves a named entity recognition (NER) module with F1 score of 0.85, a coreference resolution module with F1 score of 0.76, and a disambiguation module using both heuristic and algorithmic approaches. Ongoing work compares event extraction as well as speech extraction pipelines for literary characters representations with case studies. The paper is the first to my knowledge that combines a modular pipeline for automated character identification, representation extraction and comparisons for full-length English novels.

The Study on Transitivity of Scientific Fiction: The Time Machine as an Example

Corpus as a tool has been introduced in literature and linguistics for many years, allowing linguistic features and authorial style more visible and appreciable to readers. Based on Biber’s MD/MF method and semantic field, this research is interested in linguistic features of science fiction and finds that transitivity is what makes science fiction distinguishable from science articles and novels. The current research is corpus-based, and corpora included in this research consist of Silence Spring (science article), The Time Machine (science fiction), and Jane Eyre (romance novel). This paper takes aims to investigate the 'transitivity' of science fiction by comparing three novels of different types. By means of the MD/MF method, the paper has found that transitivity in science fiction is achieved by TTR, mean word length, and mean sentence length. These findings may direct potential writers to focus on linguistic features worthy of notice, and readers can have a better understanding when they are reading novels.

사회문화적 맥락을 활용한 <사랑손님과 어머니>의 읽기 교육 방안 연구 - 루쉰의 <축복>과 비교하여 -

This paper is a study on the reading education method of Love Guest and Mother using the socio-cultural context. Until now, understanding literary works in foreign language education has been a difficulty for foreign learners. One of the causes is that foreign learners lack the socio-cultural contextual knowledge necessary to understand literary texts. However, learners have knowledge of the socio-cultural context of their own country, although they lack knowledge of the socio-cultural context of Korea. Therefore, by activating the socio-cultural context of their own country related to Korean literature works, learners can build a world of text while fully associating and imagining the socio-cultural context of Korea. Starting with this awareness of the problem, this study first conducted a theoretical review of reading novels using socio-cultural contexts. Based on the theoretical review, the applicability of practical education was sought, and the Guest and Mother and Lu Xun’s New Year Sacrifice were selected as comparative works and the socio-cultural context was compared centering on the motif of widow’s remarriage. The Guest and Mother shows the socio-cultural context of the Korean Peninsula in the 1930s, and New Year Sacrifice shows the sociocultural context of China in the 1920s, and the two countries have something in common in that studying abroad was used as a means of governance. As Confucianism was solidified, the view of virtue inherent in it was also strengthened, and under this notion, ‘mother’ gave up love to avoid home care, and ‘Mrs. Xianglin’ was forced to do so. The motifs of the two novels are different in expression, but they are attributed to similar ethical morality. This study is significant in that it compared and analyzed the socio-cultural context of the two novels, focused on the common ‘remarry’ motif, and presented a reading education plan of "the guest and mother" using the socio-cultural context based on the results of the comparative analysis. (Seoul National University)

DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S NOVEL LITTLE MEN

Speech acts are central entities in pragmatics. The research aims to describe kinds and functions of directive speech act in the novel Little Men by Louisa May Alcott. This research uses descriptive research. The steps of data analysis were carried out by; 1) collecting data (reading novels repeatedly and marking data including directive speech acts), (2) reducing data (identifying and classifying the types and functions of directive speech acts, 3) presenting data, 4) drawing conclusions and verifying data. The result of this research shows that there are 301 directive speech acts. There are seven kinds of directive speech acts that are found in this novel. Those are questioning (41,8%), ordering (24,5%), commanding (7,3%), advising (5,3%), begging (6,6%), inviting (4,9%), and prohibition (8,3%). With this research, it is hoped that the reader will be able to understand the meaning of speech through the actions of the speaker in the novel Little Men.

Implemantasi Paradigma Integratif dalam Empat Keterampilan Berbahasa Indonesia pada Kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

The 2013 curriculum is a character-based curriculum with a themed learning system called thematic learning. Thematic learning refers to the integration of one subject with another through the use of subjects that can provide students with meaningful experiences. In learning, general subjects are often combined, while Islamic religious subjects exist independently, because Islamic religious subjects and general subjects are not combined in the teacher and student theme books. And subjects in Indonesia. Indonesian language has four skills that are closely related to Islam and student life. This article uses a library research method that uses literacy journals, books, and data related to the topic. From the literature research, it was found that Indonesian language skills include four skills, namely listening skills, reading skills, speaking skills, and writing skills. From an Islamic perspective, these four skills are closely related to student life. As is the case in Q.s Al Alaq chapters 1-5 and in the 2013 curriculum, the skills to read novels entitled Negeri Lima Menara contain prominent values, namely religious values, honesty, and discipline. Listening skills are contained in Qs Muhammad verse 21 and Qs Al A'raf verse 157 and in teaching and learning activities the teacher tells the story of the National Hero, so the character values that students can take from the story are religious values, honesty, hard work, trust, and never give up that can be applied by students in their daily life. Speaking skills are stated in Q.s Toha (20): 25-28 and the teacher gives the task of telling a story in front of the class about the story of the National Hero so that students can form character values that believe in themselves, discipline, courage, creativity and innovation. Writing skills as stated in Q.s. An-Nahl (125) and the teacher gave the task of making rhymes that would provide imaginative character values, intelligence, and creativity which were expected to form good character for students in society, nation and state.

Reading Novels, Reading Networks: Mark Z. Danielewski’s The Familiar, Social Media, and the Digital Literary Sphere

This article examines the theme of social networks in Mark Z. Danielewski’s serial novel The Familiar, as well as the social networks involved in the work’s reception, as a means of assessing the contemporary novel’s imbrication in social networks and social media. It contributes to critical discussions about The Familiar—and to broader conversations about the novel in the social media age—on two fronts. First, it analyzes Danielewski’s diegetic social networks. I argue that, in The Familiar, the planetary social is largely represented as a source of anxiety, as the existential threat of violence is amplified and perpetuated through social media. Yet the novel also explores how social networks offer the potential for resistance and protection from such violence. Second, the article describes how Danielewski’s real-world socially networked communities have impacted the interpretation of his writing. The analysis centers on the Facebook “Reading Club” dedicated to The Familiar and on the online discussion, conducted through WordPress, wherein students and faculty at multiple universities blogged about The Familiar, Volume 1. The WordPress discussion pushes the classroom into the blogosphere, troubling distinctions among academic interpretation, social networking, and public discourse. The Facebook group harnesses the conventions of both social media and book clubs, demonstrating how academic-adjacent interpretation may flourish in contexts not typified by such reading. At stake is a more nuanced understanding of the power and potential violence of communities constituted through social media; of the novel’s ability to represent and theorize such communities; and of the ways that reading communities’ emergence across social media has problematized longstanding conceptualizations of contemporary reading culture as characterized by a series of divisions (such as that between amateur and professional readers).