Reading Mode Research Articles

Periodicals’ New Publishing and Operation Mode in Digital Environment

The intruding of digital Trojan Horse made the development of paper periodicals encounter unprecedented challenges, and deeply trapped in trouble. At this moment, periodical publishers may need to timely adjust the publishing and operation mode, create a new situation for the development of periodicals. This article discussed some new modes for periodical publishing from the following aspects: publishing form, publishers’? role orientation, topic selection, reading mode, organizing the authors to create in a new mode, and dual publishing.

Management Technology and Practice of University Library under Open Environment

With the development of times, science and technology is changing peoples ideology, pursuit of knowledge even the reading habits. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for university libraries. The opportunity lies in the advantage on collecting books of university libraries whose rich books is the foundation and prerequisite for people to satisfy their pursuit of knowledge, and the challenge is the impact of network media that the peoples changes in reading habits and reading modes has lad that the closed university libraries cant meet the needs of reading. Opening the resources of university libraries and expanding the reading ways have become the only way of the reform and development of university library work for readers. This paper firstly introduces the connotation of university library work for readers, expounds the aim and problems of university library work for readers, and analyzes that under open environment, how to improve the service quality and level of the service work in university libraries.

Parafoveal preview benefits during silent and oral reading: Testing the parafoveal information extraction hypothesis

The preview of a parafoveally visible word conveys benefits when it is subsequently fixated. The current study examined whether these benefits are determined by the effectiveness of parafoveal information extraction, as implied by current models of eye movement control during reading, or by the effectiveness with which extracted information is integrated when a previewed word is fixated. For this, the boundary technique was used to manipulate the extent to which parafoveal information could be extracted, and text was read silently or orally. Consistent with prior work, a parafoveal target word preview conveyed fewer benefits when less parafoveal information could be extracted, target viewing durations were longer during oral than during silent reading, and the two factors interacted in the target fixation data, with smaller preview benefits during oral than during silent reading. Survival analyses indicated that this occurred because parafoveal information use occurred at later point in time during oral reading. Diminished opportunity for parafoveal information extraction also diminished target skipping rate, and it resulted in smaller saccades to target words, but these effects were not influenced by reading mode. Parafoveally extracted information was thus used less effectively during oral reading only when it involved the integration of parafoveally extracted information during subsequent target viewing. The dissociation of extraction from integration challenges current models of eye movement control.

Eye movements in developing readers: A comparison of silent and oral sentence reading

We present sentence reading data from a large-scale study with children (N = 632), focusing on three key research questions. (1) What are the trajectories of reading development in oral as compared to silent reading? (2) How are word frequency effects developing and are changes differentially affected by reading mode? (3) Are there systematic differences between better and weaker comprehenders when reading silently vs. aloud? Results illuminate a number of differences between reading modes, including more and prolonged fixations in oral reading, along with less inter-word regressions and attenuated effects of word frequency. Weaker comprehenders were slower, especially in oral reading and showed less flexibility in the allocation of word processing time. Differences between reading modes can be explained by additional processing demands imposed by concurrent articulation and eye–voice coordination when reading aloud.

Appunti sulla circolazione delle prose arturiane in Italia settentrionale tra Due е Trecento: tradizioni illustrative e livelli di lettura

А close look at the manuscripts of Arthurian prose novels as they circulated in northern Italy during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries enables an analysis of how these books were decorated and how this relates to their geographic movement. The elements of continuity and fracture imbedded in tradition show that the illustration cycles had a double function closely related to the reception of the material. The iconographic formulas common to all the manuscripts considered here can bе explained by distinct reading modes, which, in turn, depended on the specificity and ideological values of the narrative structures of the Arthurian prose novel. At the same time, the variations these formulas underwent in each manuscript were the result of reading skills, which differed according to the category of readers and which were founded on distinct idealizations of the Arthurian imaginary.

Polyphonic/Pseudo-synchronic: Animated Writing in the Comment Feed of Nicovideo

Nicovideo is a popular video-sharing site in Japan that incorporates several aspects of social media into its design. Key among these is the projection of user-made comments into the video display by having text scroll across the screen like an animated subtitle-track. The movement of comments across the screen and the ‘pseudo-synchronicity’ created by the way they are projected produces a feeling of ‘live’ viewing via a sense of virtual time shared between users. In this article I argue that the feeling of movement and time on the site directs users toward a certain kind of vision that, when considered alongside the modes of counter-transparent communication taken up by its user base through things like orthographic ‘mistypes’, is part of a shift between denotational and pictorial forms of text production that troubles the distinction between reading and other modes of vision. The article conceptualizes what kind of vision Nicovideo’s interface suggests and its relationship to a distinct kind of polyphonic, anonymous communication that intersects with ideas of animation and performance. It is particularly through the intensity of textual representation that I will pursue these questions.

Review: Papers 2 (Mac OS and Windows), $79Papers for iPad and iPhone, $14.99 Mekentosj B.V. http://www.mekentosj.com/papers

Papers 2 (Mac OS and Windows), $79 Papers for iPad and iPhone, $14.99 Mekentosj B.V. http://www.mekentosj.com/papers To access books, periodicals, articles, or archives once meant seeking out physical objects stored in buildings. Today scholars increasingly utilize digital documents, not only journal articles but also books, dissertations, and even archival materials, downloading them to computers and mobile devices for consultation anytime, anywhere. But if some argue that the strict ontology of the card catalog and the physical library is no longer appropriate for either our interdisciplinary age or our media, a competing organizational system for managing personal digital libraries has yet to emerge.1 Netherlands-based developer Mekentosj’s Papers suite of research products, released for the Mac OS, Windows, and iOS, sets out to address this problem. Taking their cues not from physical or online card catalogs, but rather from Apple’s iTunes media library management software, the desktop and mobile versions of Papers set out to simplify the process of finding, organizing, and reading documents. As with iTunes, one transfers material into Papers by dragging and dropping files or through a built-in search engine that traverses online repositories of articles such as JSTOR or Google Scholar. Executing an online search delivers results as a set of links in the viewer window. Clicking on any of these makes the article’s source website appear in the window: here a user would download an article as if working in a browser; however, upon downloading, the article is immediately archived instead of being sent to a cluttered desktop or download folder. Customized searching of online repositories in Papers is useful, yet most of the databases Mekentosj offers as part of this experience are science- and social science-oriented, betraying Papers’ origins as a tool designed by Alexander Griekspoor and Tom Groothuis when they were doctoral students at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. That Springer Science+Business Media, a company not exactly known for indexing humanities …

Survey of energy consumption and energy conservation measures for colleges and universities in Guangdong province

As an important part of economical society, colleges and universities have been shouldering the important task of education, science research and social service. In this paper, a detailed investigation in the form of questionnaire was carried out for the energy consumption of colleges and universities in Guangdong Province, including electricity, water, gas and cooling energy consumption from 2006 to 2010. The energy meter reading modes, energy conversation investment amount and energy-efficiency retrofit work were also reported and analyzed.Furthermore, as can be concluded from the survey, there exists great difference in per unit energy consumption between different types of universities classified by schools’ discipline, nature and level, which would be taken into account when the energy consumption evaluation indexes system is established. Although energy-saving measures at Guangdong's colleges and universities bear fruit, Guangdong's colleges and universities still have great potential of energy conservation and emission reduction by Conservation-oriented campus construction, and the government should increase funding and improve economic policy to encourage and support energy saving for colleges and universities.

Differences of Human Reading Mode between Reading a Story and Statistical Information: An Eye Movement Study

In this paper, we used eye tracking technology to investigate the cognitive mechanisms during peoples reading of narratives and statistical information, and our main study included two aspects: first, we explored the differences in behavior of people during their reading of different text information from the cognitive behavior view; second, we used the method of pattern recognition to classify the eye movement data which reflects the human thinking mode. We found different reading modes in different texts.

High performance floating‐gate technology compatible antifuse

An antifuse structure that is fully compatible with the standard floating-gate technology is presented. The antifuse consists of an oxide-nitride-oxide dielectric layer, sandwiched between polysilicon and N-well layers. The characteristics of the antifuse are investigated. The off-state resistance of the antifuse is larger than 10 GΩ. The programmed antifuses show linear ohmic characteristics and have a tight resistance distribution centred around 350 Ω. The time dependent dielectric breakdown measurements show that the extrapolated lifetime of the unprogrammed antifuse at 5.5 V is as long as 40 years, and the resistance change of post-program antifuses under the continuous reading mode test is lower than 5%.

Sa1617 What Is the Most Efficient and Time Saving Capsule Endoscopy Reading Mode?

Sa1617 What Is the Most Efficient and Time Saving Capsule Endoscopy Reading Mode?

Prospective trial comparing full-field digital mammography (FFDM) versus combined FFDM and tomosynthesis in a population-based screening programme using independent double reading with arbitration

ObjectivesTo compare double readings when interpreting full field digital mammography (2D) and tomosynthesis (3D) during mammographic screening.MethodsA prospective, Ethical Committee approved screening study is underway. During the first year 12,621 consenting women underwent both 2D and 3D imaging. Each examination was independently interpreted by four radiologists under four reading modes: Arm A—2D; Arm B—2D + CAD; Arm C—2D + 3D; Arm D—synthesised 2D + 3D. Examinations with a positive score by at least one reader were discussed at an arbitration meeting before a final management decision. Paired double reading of 2D (Arm A + B) and 2D + 3D (Arm C + D) were analysed. Performance measures were compared using generalised linear mixed models, accounting for inter-reader performance heterogeneity (P < 0.05).ResultsPre-arbitration false-positive scores were 10.3 % (1,286/12,501) and 8.5 % (1,057/12,501) for 2D and 2D + 3D, respectively (P < 0.001). Recall rates were 2.9 % (365/12,621) and 3.7 % (463/12,621), respectively (P = 0.005). Cancer detection was 7.1 (90/12,621) and 9.4 (119/12,621) per 1,000 examinations, respectively (30 % increase, P < 0.001); positive predictive values (detected cancer patients per 100 recalls) were 24.7 % and 25.5 %, respectively (P = 0.97). Using 2D + 3D, double-reading radiologists detected 27 additional invasive cancers (P < 0.001).ConclusionDouble reading of 2D + 3D significantly improves the cancer detection rate in mammography screening.Key Points• Tomosynthesis-based screening was successfully implemented in a large prospective screening trial.• Double reading of tomosynthesis-based examinations significantly reduced false-positive interpretations.• Double reading of tomosynthesis significantly increased the detection of invasive cancers.

Vancomycin Microbial Assay Using Kinetic-Reading Microplate System

The aim of this work was to develop a microbiological assay of vancomycin employing microplates and kinetic reading mode, and to validate the developed method by assessing of specificity and selectivity, linearity, linear range, accuracy and precision parameters. Established conditions comprised a vancomycin standard-curve in concentrations from 0.6 to 1.0 μg mL-1, and soybean-casein broth inoculated with 5% of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) suspension. Satisfactory results were obtained after a 5 hour incubation. The developed method showed appropriate selectivity and linearity in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 μg mL-1, respectively, satisfactory accuracy (recovery = 97.0%) and precision (RSD = 7.8%). Keywords: Agar diffusion, Antibiotic assay, Glycopeptide antibiotic, Kinetic reading, Method development, Method validation, Microbial assay, Microplate assay, Turbidimetric assay, Vancomycin

Experimental Study of Dual Heater Slider Touchdown Detectability

With the increase of areal density in hard disk drive (HDD), the mechanical spacing between magnetic head and disk has decreased to sub~1nm. Under such ultra-low spacing, accurate spacing control becomes more important for lowering down the risk of head-disk interference and getting good bit per inch (BPI) performance. Dual-heater slider technology has been considered as a most useful solution. This paper introduces the advantages of dual heater in reading/writing spacing control. Furthermore, as a key issue in precise spacing control, the touchdown detectability of dual-heater slider was also investigated using three TD detection methods under writing and reading mode. Result shows that a single method is difficult to get the best TD detectability under both writing and reading mode. Instead, hybrid method may be a feasible solution.

Differential cognitive and perceptual correlates of print reading versus braille reading

The relations between reading, auditory, speech, phonological and tactile spatial processing are investigated in a Dutch speaking sample of blind braille readers as compared to sighted print readers. Performance is assessed in blind and sighted children and adults. Regarding phonological ability, braille readers perform equally well compared to print readers on phonological awareness, better on verbal short-term memory and significantly worse on lexical retrieval. The groups do not differ on speech perception or auditory processing. Braille readers, however, have more sensitive fingers than print readers. Investigation of the relations between these cognitive and perceptual skills and reading performance indicates that in the group of braille readers auditory temporal processing has a longer lasting and stronger impact not only on phonological abilities, which have to satisfy the high processing demands of the strictly serial language input, but also directly on the reading ability itself. Print readers switch between grapho-phonological and lexical reading modes depending on the familiarity of the items. Furthermore, the auditory temporal processing and speech perception, which were substantially interrelated with phonological processing, had no direct associations with print reading measures.

PTU-143 Quickview in capsule endoscopy: is it enough?

IntroductionAnalysis of small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is time consuming. QuickView (QV) has been added to the RAPID® software to reduce reading times. Its validity though has been questioned.1 2 We...

O que é e o que não é um livro: materialidades e processos editoriais

In this paper, we propose a discussion on e-books as a marked product, not just as a discursive framework or because its format, but also by an editorial process at least partially distinct from the printed book. Moreover, the concepts of material formats and reading practices help to deal with aspects of reading modes that are in evidence when books and e-books are referred. Devices for reading and reader's experience seem to have a key role in proposing a process for publishing electronic books. It is argued here that, since the editorial processes of the printed book and eBook are partly differentiated, besides offering different size and experience, the book could be considered simply as a metaphor of the new editorial product produced to be read in new devices. If the entered text genres are the same, the objects are not, and thus it can be said that those genres that are published in a book not necessarily characterize it, but other elements of its characterization. The arguments posed here are based on discussions on editing processes (Eco and Carriere, 2010; Darnton, 2010; Chartier,1998, 2000, 2002; and Procopio, 2010). The concepts of formats are based on Távora (2008).

Non-visual navigation of spreadsheets

The problem of non-visual navigation of the information in Excel™ spreadsheet is that using current technologies, no overview is available for the user about different components found in the spreadsheet. Several attributes associated with spreadsheets make them not easy to navigate by individuals who are blind. The large amount of information stored in the spreadsheet, the multi-dimensional nature of the contents, and the several features it includes cannot be readily linearized by a screen reader or Braille display (e.g., charts and tables). A user-centered design paradigm is followed to build an accessible system for non-visual navigation of Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet. The proposed system provides the user with a hierarchical overview of the navigated components in an Excel™ spreadsheet. The system is multi-modal, and it provides the user with different navigation and reading modes for the non-visual navigation of a spreadsheet. This will help the users in adapting the non-visual navigation according to the task the user needs to accomplish.

Detection of Lesions During Capsule Endoscopy: Physician Performance Is Disappointing

Limited data guide capsule endoscopists on how to view the many images collected in each capsule. The objective of this study was to compare the detection rates of clinically significant findings in different capsule endoscopy reading modes and speeds. Seventeen capsule endoscopists with experience from 23 to > 1,000 total capsule procedures read 24 clips, 18 of which were abnormal. Clips were read in two different reading modes utilizing two speeds, including SingleView at 15 at frames per second (f.p.s.), SingleView 25 f.p.s., QuadView 20 f.p.s., and QuadView 30 f.p.s. The main outcome measurements were pathology detection rates correlated with reading mode, lesion type, reader experience, and timing order. SingleView 15, QuadView 20, and QuadView 30 had no significant difference in overall detection rate (45, 47, and 43%, respectively). SingleView 25 had a 26% detection rate, which was significantly lower than SingleView 15 (P = 0.04) and QuadView 20 (P = 0.002). The detection rates of angioectasias, ulcers/erosions, masses/polyps, and blood were 69, 38, 46, and 17%, respectively. Reader experience and timing of interpretation did not significantly impact detection rate. Pathology was present on a few frames. Limited modes and speeds were assessed. Lesion types were not confirmed with surgical or deep enteroscopic methods. A relatively small number of readers provided interpretations. Overall, the detection rates in this study are lower than previously reported and not influenced by increasing experience. Detection rates are significantly higher when reading in SingleView 15 and QuadView 20 compared with reading in SingleView 25. Increasing viewing speed from QuadView 20 to QuadView 30 appears to have no significant effect on detection. Quality control measures to compare and improve lesion detection rates need further study.

Reading sentences in Serbian: Effects of alphabet and reading mode in self-paced reading task

The study examined the influence of alphabet (Cyrillic vs. Latin) and reading mode (silent reading vs. reading aloud) on sentence reading speed in Serbian. Entire-sentence and single-word reading times were obtained from the moving window paradigm in the self-paced sentence reading task. Sentences printed in Latin took less time for reading than sentences printed in Cyrillic and silent reading was more rapid than reading aloud. Single-word processing results followed the pattern observed in entire-sentence analysis. Faster reading of Latin sentences and words is likely a consequence of subjects? predominant exposure to this alphabet. Reading aloud was slower than silent reading due to the articulation process, which is present in the former but not in the latter. The effect of the alphabet did not depend on reading mode, suggesting that the two modes of reading involve essentially same cognitive processes. Aloud reading procedures do not seem inappropriate for the research of bialphabetism.