Reading Magazines Research Articles

Mirroring the Media: The Relationship Between Media Consumption, Media Internalization, and Profile Picture Characteristics on Facebook

Social cognitive theory suggests that stereotypes of attractiveness from mainstream media may function as models for online profile pictures. The present study explores the relationship between media consumption, internalization, and body-ism, clothing, and gaze through a content analysis of the Facebook profile pictures of 288 students, and a survey to assess their media consumption and internalization. The relationship between magazine exposure and pictures was mediated by internalization: magazine readers who internalized media ideals were more likely to select pictures showing their body in revealing clothing. Television viewing had a direct effect on picture selection, but was not mediated by internalization.

Libraries as transitory workspaces and spatial incubators

Growing flexibility in work arrangements, particularly in the knowledge industries, and the ensuing possibilities for teleworking are challenging the traditional ways of conceptualizing and designing public spaces and public services. As an example of this development, public and university libraries are studied from the point of view of teleworking. Although work still only accounts for a small amount of the activities that take place in libraries, its transformations can be seen as a ‘weak signal’ of newly emerging spatial arrangements. In addition to the home and workplace, teleworkers are using a network of public, semi-public and private spaces (so-called third places) for different types of working. The research used the concept “spatial portfolio” to address this phenomenon of spatial modalities. The new role of public libraries within this context is discussed. In addition to their traditional functions of lending books and providing spaces for reading newspapers and magazines, libraries are now becoming more multifunctional, providing space for different activities, including work. This new phenomenon has been studied empirically by conducting a qualitative interview and observing teleworkers in two public libraries and one university library in the City of Helsinki, Finland. The objective was to find and analyze different profiles of workers in libraries, thus providing input for future planning and design of these spaces, as well as the urban fabric around them. The results show that a considerable range of activities within research and education, art and culture, information technology, business and finance, and social services and government are performed in the libraries, all of which are in part supported by the new concepts and policies of the city. Libraries can be seen as ‘transitory workspaces’ where people work at least a couple of hours per week and for different reasons such as free wifi connection and location. Also, libraries might be considered ‘spatial incubators’ or rather places able to attract people who start up their own activities. These concepts contribute to define a new way of appropriating libraries.

Lev?�s Minimax Strategy in Translating a Popular Article: Theory in Practice

Translation is not merely a process of changing meaning from source language into the target one. It stretches far beyond to produce the result. To translate means to communicate; it conveys the message through language. As an act of communication, it touches other areas of disciplines, one of which is culture. Thus, in line with Lev?s proposal, translation is a decision process. This article would like to explore the process of translating an article taken from popular magazine Readers Digest Canada. It shows the application of Lev?s minimax strategy in coping with the problem of translating cultural aspect found in the text. The article concludes that some considerations need to be deeply thought before deciding the best way or choice to translate a text into the target language.Keywords: translating culture, minimax strategy, translation shift

Writing for the anti-tourist? Imagining the contemporary travel magazine reader as an authentic experience seeker

Contemporary travel magazine feature writing has received little attention in the academic literature to date, despite the fact that these writers have a persuasive power to mediate foreign cultures and destinations and could potentially act as agents of positive social change. In this article, 12 internationally published and distributed contemporary travel magazine articles have been subjected to a critical discourse analysis contributing to the theory of the mediating power of texts with respect to the conceptualization of tourism identities. Two prominent tourism discourses emerge, the tourist-versus-traveller dichotomy and the promise of authentic cultural experiences, which portray both the writer and the imagined reader as an anti-tourist (perhaps denying their contribution to the tourism industry). The findings suggest that these writers have an imagined archetypal anti-tourist reader in mind, who seeks authentic experiences that are immersed in traditional customs. These discourses lead these authors to write sensitively and thoughtfully about foreign cultures, although some still reflect harmful cultural stereotyping and commodification. In general, however, it appears that these contemporary travel writers are heeding the scholarly call for more globally conscious and socially responsible travel writing.

Magazine Reading Experience and Advertising Engagement

Guided by the uses and gratifications theory, this study examines the structural relationships between a number of magazine reader experience factors and advertising engagement. The results from a survey of 507 female college students in South Korea suggest that personal experience, a second-order factor consisting of information, personal identification, and entertainment experiences, significantly influences advertising engagement, whereas the other factor, social experience, has no effect on advertising engagement. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

‘Go Left, Young Writer’: John Cheever and the Writing of ‘Fall River’, 1931

In late 1931, John Cheever temporarily stopped producing work for large-circulation magazines and began writing formally and stylistically experimental stories for various little magazines. This article examines the first of these stories, ‘Fall River’, an ostensibly proletarian story about mill closures and mass lay-offs in an economically depressed textile city. Cheever published ‘Fall River’ in the second issue of The Left: A Quarterly Review of Radical and Experimental Art, a communist little magazine published in Davenport, Iowa, in late 1931. Cheever's most recent biographer, Blake Bailey, claims that the author's turn away from the large-circulation magazine marketplace towards an emergent Midwestern literary radicalism in 1931 was a short-lived political digression by an otherwise apolitical middle-class writer. This article contests this view. Re-evaluating Cheever's professional relationship with the New Republic (the first large-circulation magazine to publish his fiction), his personal experience of left-wing politics and his reading of little magazines between 1930 and 1931, it argues that Cheever made this decision for professionally pragmatic, rather than political, reasons. In short, it was easier for Cheever to publish his work in little magazines in the early 1930s because they were more receptive to the work of younger writers than were their mainstream counterparts. This is not to say that ‘Fall River’ was not an apolitical story, however. The article argues further that, far from being a political digression, ‘Fall River’ is in fact a self-reflexive critique of the politicisation of middle-class writers during the Depression. It uses close analysis of the text to demonstrate the extent to which Cheever's ambivalent relationship with American communism influenced some of the formal, generic, and thematic properties of the story.

A Modern Miscellany: Shanghai Cartoon Artists, Shao Xunmei’s Circle, and the Travels of Jack Chen, 1926–1938 by Paul Bevan

Reviewed by: A Modern Miscellany: Shanghai Cartoon Artists, Shao Xunmei’s Circle, and the Travels of Jack Chen, 1926–1938 by Paul Bevan Hal Swindall (bio) Paul Bevan. A Modern Miscellany: Shanghai Cartoon Artists, Shao Xunmei’s Circle, and the Travels of Jack Chen, 1926–1938. Ideas, History, and Modern China, vol. 12. Leiden: Brill, 2016. xix, 387 pp. Hardcover $181.00, isbn 978-90-04-30793-3. Although it focuses on a small group of Chinese cartoonists in interwar Shanghai and the foreigners who influenced them, this volume is a major contribution to modern Chinese studies in general. That is because it traces the ideological development of Shanghai artists and writers, who were the avant-garde of the whole country, from the aestheticism of Shao Xunmei to the leftist activism of Lu Xun. In this respect, Shanghai’s literati, unusual though they were, might be seen as a microcosm of Chinese society at the time. Furthermore, the book is relevant to current cross-cultural studies, since it is mainly about how Chinese artists adapted European sources to their own needs and styles at a time when China was trying to forge a modern identity. Finally, anyone interested in the place and time will appreciate Bevan’s reconstruction of its art scene and the interrelations of the characters in it. Throughout his study, Bevan demonstrates how decisively Shanghai artists were inspired by Western models. To begin with, he documents how copies of magazines like Punch, Vanity Fair, and The New Yorker were eagerly consumed from the bookstore Kelly and Walsh on Nanjing Road, and French magazines and books from Libraire de l’Extreme-Orient, Shanghai’s French literary outlet, also on Nanjing Road (pp. 20–21, 26). Indeed, French models were much in vogue among young Chinese intellectuals then, a fact Bevan documents with quotes from books by Marc Chadourne and Paul Morand (pp. 20–25). The main conduit of Western art and literature into Shanghai was, however, Vanity Fair (pp. 25–27), which Shao Xunmei regularly read (p. 28). This and other Western models of the avant-garde, fashion, style, and luxury were adopted by the artists of Shanghai manhua, which launched in the 1920s. Bevan argues from the beginning that Shanghai manhua was the real originator of Chinese cartoons, rather than the Storm Society as previous scholars have held (pp. 17–18). Indeed, his entire study is a sort of vindication of it and similar publications that fell into disrepute because they were not politically engaged, or because their cartoons were not regarded as worthy of serious academic attention. Shanghai manhua ran into trouble during its existence, too, being charged with obscenity in 1928 for publishing photos comparing the bodies of naked women from various countries (pp. 30–31). The fact that Lu Xun did not like it hurt further. While it existed, however, Shanghai manhua was strongly influenced by Shao Xunmei, a wealthy Western-influenced aesthete who had studied at Cambridge (p. 34). Chapter 2 is therefore devoted to Shao and his associates, since Shao himself launched many pictorial magazines and patronized many cartoonists. [End Page 101] Bevan’s chapter on Shao’s role in Shanghai’s entre-guerre art scene is an invaluable contribution to scholarship on this little-known figure, on whom very little has been published until recently. Besides being a poet, essayist, and socialite, Shao Xunmei was deeply involved with magazine publishing through his Modern Publications Ltd. and Number One Publishing Company. Although he was upper class and mainly wrote for highbrow audiences, Shao’s reading of foreign magazines like Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar convinced him of the power of images among the masses, so he advocated more native Chinese visual art with a proletarian appeal (pp. 57–59). Bevan’s rundown of Shao’s circle makes it clear, however, that he considered the Chinese elite just as indifferent to culture as the masses (p. 62), so his entire career can be seen as an effort to cultivate his society at all levels. In this, his main inspiration was the Arts and Crafts movement and the Aesthetic movement in general (p. 84). It was precisely his championing of the “art for art...

Socio-economic characteristics of reader/subscribers and their opinion about hindi magazine “Vanita”

The present time is the time of advanced projected audio-visual aids. People like to see and eager to be upto date hurriedly. For making upto the mark, adequate and correct feedback is required for purposeful communication. It provides opportunities to communicator to take correct steps and acts as a pathfinder for making correct the content of magzine. So the present study was conducted to identify socio-economic characteristics of reader/subscribers and their opinion abouthindi magazine vanita. The socio-economic profile was studied under two heads; personal and family characteristics. S.E.S. of Trivedi (1963) was used with slight modification. Primary data were collected through interview schedule from Shikohabad of Firozabad district during 2002-2003. Percentage was used as statistical measure. Majority of readers/subscribers of magazine were from the age-group of 26-40 yrs., general caste, and graduate and above. They were in service. They belonged to nuclear families having upto 5 members. Majority of women were residing in mixed house, and possessing only one house. Fifty per cent of the respondents were landless. Sixty per cent women have more interest in reading magazines. Majority (53.33 %) were regular subscriber of magazine. In case of first choice of magazine, maximum percentage of women (56.67 %) was reading magazine vanita. Fifty six per cent liked articles of the magazine. Fifty three per cent women were purchaging this magazine from shop for getting advanced information. Fifty per cent reader were liking and in the favour of all Home Science articles. Forty six per cent women were in the impression of published articles based on Food and Nutrition, Human Development, Home Management, and Clothing and Textile. It is suggested that distribution of magazine should made available in rural areas and cost of the magazine should be in reach of the average person. It is suggested that experiences of the readers should be included in the magazine either in the form of articles or letters of readers.

Football and its continuity as a classless mass phenomenon in Germany and England: rethinking the bourgeoisification of football crowds

Considering football’s popular notion of a working-class sport in England and Germany – at least in the 1950s – the shift towards present classless fandom in football is mainly explained by the genesis of a middle-class fan culture induced by the process of football’s accumulating (hyper-) commodification. However, this so-called ‘bourgeoisification thesis’ cannot be verified on the basis of empirical data – neither on the basis of the employment status of people attending football matches in the stadia of the top league clubs in England and Germany between 1977 and 2009 nor on the basis of representative data pertaining to the social-class profile of regular readers of German football magazines carried out in 1954. It is demonstrated that football has enjoyed continuous popularity among all social classes. Hence, the bourgeoisification of football fandom can basically be ascribed to the inter- and intra-generational upward mobility in postmodern societies induced by socio-structural change.

Food references in UK children's magazines - an oral health perspective.

Children's magazines are popular in the United Kingdom, but their content is poorly regulated. Consequently, food and beverages high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS), detrimental to oral and wider health, make unrestricted appearances. The study aim was to assess the amount of HFSS food and drink children are exposed to while reading magazines; with particular focus on foods containing free sugars due to their known cariogenic properties, and foods with low pH due to their erosive potential. Eleven of the most popular UK children's magazines were selected and purchased at four separate time points in 2012. These 44 magazines were examined using content analysis; any references to food/beverages (in advertisements, free gifts, editorial and general content) were recorded. Of the 508 food references observed, 73.6% (374/508) were for foods detrimental to oral health owing to their high sugar and/or acid content. 5.9% (30/508) were considered 'unhealthy' due to their fat or salt content. 20.5% of references were for 'healthy' foods (104/508). The most common food categories referenced were baked goods (181/508) and sweets (86/508). Over a third (36.4%, 16/44) of magazines came with free sweets. In terms of positioning, the food/drink references were predominantly found in the general content of the magazines, including the editorial spreads. Direct advertisements for food/drink only accounted for 9.6% (36/374) of the total number of references counted. Food references within children's magazines are biased towards unhealthy foods especially those detrimental to oral health; these permeate throughout the general and editorial content and are not restricted to direct advertisements. Magazine editors, journalists and illustrators are responsible for the editorial and general content of magazines. Without regulation, subliminal placement of advertisements within editorial and general content leads to 'advertorials' which are known to confuse children and parents alike. This study concludes that regulation may therefore need to cover more than just the direct advertisements. Dental professionals need to be aware of current trends in children's media when giving health education advice or designing health promotion initiatives.

Summary of: Food references in UK children's magazines - an oral health perspective.

Objective Children's magazines are popular in the United Kingdom, but their content is poorly regulated. Consequently, food and beverages high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS), detrimental to oral and wider health, make unrestricted appearances. The study aim was to assess the amount of HFSS food and drink children are exposed to while reading magazines; with particular focus on foods containing free sugars due to their known cariogenic properties, and foods with low pH due to their erosive potential.Design Eleven of the most popular UK children's magazines were selected and purchased at four separate time points in 2012. These 44 magazines were examined using content analysis; any references to food/beverages (in advertisements, free gifts, editorial and general content) were recorded.Results Of the 508 food references observed, 73.6% (374/508) were for foods detrimental to oral health owing to their high sugar and/or acid content. 5.9% (30/508) were considered 'unhealthy' due to their fat or salt content. 20.5% of references were for 'healthy' foods (104/508). The most common food categories referenced were baked goods (181/508) and sweets (86/508). Over a third (36.4%, 16/44) of magazines came with free sweets. In terms of positioning, the food/drink references were predominantly found in the general content of the magazines, including the editorial spreads. Direct advertisements for food/drink only accounted for 9.6% (36/374) of the total number of references counted.Conclusion Food references within children's magazines are biased towards unhealthy foods especially those detrimental to oral health; these permeate throughout the general and editorial content and are not restricted to direct advertisements. Magazine editors, journalists and illustrators are responsible for the editorial and general content of magazines. Without regulation, subliminal placement of advertisements within editorial and general content leads to 'advertorials' which are known to confuse children and parents alike. This study concludes that regulation may therefore need to cover more than just the direct advertisements. Dental professionals need to be aware of current trends in children's media when giving health education advice or designing health promotion initiatives.

Disease Mongering in Direct‐to‐Consumer Advertising and the Expansion of the Antidepressant Market

The recent trend toward health care consumerism is largely the product of market practices, which have instilled the notion of health care as a product to be purchased by informed, empowered consumers, rather than a service bestowed upon a patient by a paternalistic provider. In recent years, health care consumerism has been facilitated by direct‐to‐consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceutical products. In this paper, we use the case ofDTCAfor antidepressant medications to examine medicalization techniques used to promote consumerism and establish and expand the antidepressant market. We used content analysis ofDTCAfrom the 1997–2006 issues of a broad sample of women's, men's, and common readership magazines to identify techniques of medicalization, and we analyzed in‐depth interviews with magazine readers and antidepressant users to examine how such messages are received. Findings are presented within a framework of economic sociology, which allowed us to unveil the links between emotions and social action that undergird responses to medicalization techniques and consumption of advertised products.

Upon Provincialism: Southern Literature and National Periodical Culture, 1870–1900 by Bill Hardwig (review)

Reviewed by: Upon Provincialism: Southern Literature and National Periodical Culture, 1870–1900 by Bill Hardwig Philip Joseph (bio) Upon Provincialism: Southern Literature and National Periodical Culture, 1870–1900. By Bill Hardwig. (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013. Pp. 192. $49.50 cloth; $24.50 paper) As its subtitle suggests, Upon Provincialism provides an account of southern literature during the late nineteenth century, a period when local-color literature came into its own as a form that could be applied to any number of places at the margins of national life. Hardwig argues that in order to understand the early literature of the South, we need to understand, first and foremost, the magazines in which local color appeared, for the writing under consideration “reveals as much about national readers and editors as it does about the region itself” (p. 1). By locating the origins of southern regionalism in the major northeastern monthlies (Atlantic Monthly, Harper’s Magazine, The Century), Hardwig locates his own scholarship alongside work [End Page 692] from the past twenty years by critics such as Richard Brodhead, Amy Kaplan, Nancy Glazener, and Stephanie Foote, all of whom privilege the urban reading communities of regionalism as determinants of the literature. The members of these communities sought to define their class status, their relationship to non-white races, and the nature of postbellum American nationality. The scholars agree, more or less, that giving primary place to such concerns of the reading class helps to explain the most salient attributes of literature. Although the larger frame of the argument will seem familiar to scholars who have followed the recent fate of local color/regionalism within criticism, the interest of Upon Provincialism lies partly in the readings of lesser-known stories by writers such as Mary Murfree, George Washington Cable, Charles Chesnutt, Thomas Page, and Lafcadio Hearn. Hardwig finds stories by these writers that have never been examined with any care or reflection, and his readings tend to bring out qualities that complicate our understanding of southern literature, resisting the easy and expected explanation. Thus, Murfree’s “The Romance of Sunrise” undermined the narrow racialist thinking of the physician outsider character, John Cleaver, while recommending the romantic alliance formed between Appalachian insider Selena and the “urban lawyer turned mountain farmer” Jack Trelawney. Just as such readings trouble the view of Murfree as the party most responsible for associating Appalachia with racial deviance, so too Hardwig’s reading of Page’s “No Haid Pawn” demonstrates that plantation fiction may not cohere so neatly as one thought around nostalgia for the happy days of slavery. In “No Haid Pawn,” the ghosts from slave legends enter into the story, serving as a haunting reminder to the narrator of the system’s violence and the suffering of slaves. The readings of such surprising stories hint at a number of points that Hardwig makes here. First of all, although readers of the monthly magazines were hungry to experience the region as if they were tourists, that fact in itself may not lead us to any unified idea of the region. From Hardwig’s perspective, local-color fiction forces us to reckon with the decentering of the South in the national consciousness. To [End Page 693] assume that the region is defined by the Lost Cause—a preoccupation with all that was lost during the Civil War—is to privilege the planter class at the expense of marginal populations, which often appear in works of local color unfazed by the Civil War, actors within alternative historical narratives. Equally important, southern literature appears at times in this study as an exceptional form of local color—exceptional because it opens up the possibility of a touristic experience defined not by easily apprehensible difference, but rather by haunting strangeness and resistance. Those elite urban readers might not be the altogether safe and reactionary lot that we had previously believed them to be. Perhaps they did actually have an appetite for conflict, creolization (a term that gains in import in chapter four), and other unsettling encounters with the foreign. That line of argument gets more and more play as Hardwig’s study moves along toward its conclusion, providing perhaps the best justification...

Awareness of media-based antitobacco messages among a community sample of LGBT individuals.

Study objectives were to measure awareness of general antitobacco messages in LGBT-focused and general media outlets among LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) individuals and to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and awareness levels. Data were based on cross-sectional survey data from a racially diverse sample of participants (N = 726). Participants were primarily male (69.3%), with smaller percentages of female (21.8%) and transgender (8.9%). The median age was 31 years. A higher proportion of participants reported awareness of antitobacco messages in general media outlets compared to LGBT-specific media outlets. Awareness of antitobacco messages in general media was positively associated with current smoking and negatively associated with female gender and Latino ethnicity. Awareness of antitobacco messages in LGBT media was positively associated with younger age, current smoking, frequent reading of LGBT newspapers or magazines, and frequent attendance at LGBT bars and negatively associated with Latino ethnicity. Despite frequent readership, awareness of antitobacco messages in LGBT newspapers/magazines was quite low. We speculate that low awareness is related to the absence of antitobacco messages in LGBT-related media. LGBT-specific media outlets provide an important opportunity for future antitobacco campaigns.

What is a magazine?

Magazines are one of the oldest of media forms, arguably ‘the most successful media format ever to have existed’ (Holmes & Nice 2012: 1). But in an era of digital and convergent media, where technological platforms are multiplying, how can a magazine be defined? Teaching and researching in the space of magazines requires us to define our object of study. Producing and reading magazines involves an understanding of what the medium is, and what it is not – not a book, not a newspaper, not a constantly updated website. But it feels as if the ground is shifting beneath our feet. This paper will explore the current thinking about what magazines might be, drawing on a number of themes that emerge in the minimal scholarship available, textbooks, publishing industry websites, blogs, tweets and examples of magazines. After this discussion, a definition will be attempted that aims to not only ‘hold’ the magazine as it takes shape in the current climate, but might function across the long history of this most adaptable medium.

Editor's bench [The Remarkable I&M Technologies of CERN

The magazine you now hold is a celebration - a special issue highlighting the remarkable I&M technologies of CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. I&M Magazine readers will know of CERN's exi s tence and its importance to the world of high-energy physics. This issue is devoted to the technologies that make CERN work and enable studies at the true cutting edge of physics. In these pages are articles discussing technologies that will be familiar and exotic at the same time. We use data acquisition, but not tens of millions of channels at a time. We are aware of superconducting magnets; CERN has 27 km of them. The scope is huge. The I&M challenges are correspondingly huge, and the solutions will fascinate you. This issue provides a forum for some of CERN's technology groups to share their remarkable work with us.

<em>Blasted Literature: Victorian Political Fiction and the Shock of Modernism</em>, by Deaglán Ó Donghaile

Reviewed by: Blasted Literature: Victorian Political Fiction and the Shock of Modernism by Deaglán Ó Donghaile Sarah Cole (bio) Blasted Literature: Victorian Political Fiction and the Shock of Modernism, by Deaglán Ó Donghaile; pp. 272. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011, £65.00, $10.00. Of all the great divides that have shaped literary criticism, perhaps none is so intransigent as the one separating Victorian from modernist studies. Despite several decades of work which has queried, defied, or simply ignored the old periodizations, a concerted effort among scholars to question and historicize modernism’s formulations about its exceptionalism, and a pervasive sense that literary and historical boundaries cannot withstand the pressures ushered in by transnational and global perspectives, there remains something genuinely surprising about work that makes a strong case for continuity, rather than breakage, across the century’s turn. As its title suggests, Deaglán Ó Donghaile’s study, Blasted Literature: Victorian Political Fiction and the Shock of Modernism, stakes its claim on this kind of assessment of the persistence of cultural forms from the nineteenth into the twentieth centuries, in this case in the resonance of dynamite explosion and the appeal of sensational political violence as a subject for fiction. Blasted Literature illuminates a fascinating and underappreciated chapter in cultural history, when the idea of the exploding bomb came to organize a sweep of radical political activism, conservative panic, and all manner of fiction, in a historical sequence that spans from the late 1860s through to the First World War. It should be said, at the outset, that the “modernism” of the book’s title is a fairly circumscribed one, which might not speak to all modernist scholars, abiding primarily in the book’s culminating chapter on Wyndham Lewis, whose short-lived manifesto BLAST (1914–15) makes to [End Page 365] perfection Ó Donghaile’s argument about the ongoing attraction of late nineteenthcentury radical thought and the fetishization of explosion in modernism (readings of several modernist novels are also integrated into chapters examining urban spaces, anarchist writings, and imperialism). What is at stake is less an expansive account either of modernism or of Victorian literature than an assessment of the resonance of the bomb as a major feature of imaginative life across a half century. Blasted Literature makes this case with gusto. Its argument is that terrorist bombs, from the moment they arrived in England and Ireland, courtesy of anarchist and Fenian insurgents, became an integral feature of popular as well as elite literature, and as such provided a thematic underpinning for much that was sensational and shock-oriented in works of the period. The appeal of dynamite as a magnetic center around which plots and characters revolve went unabated, Ó Donghaile argues, driven in large part by market forces (these market forces are at times assumed in this study, based on the fact that dynamite-themed writing was continually produced, and at other times analyzed, as in the very interesting discussion of several bizarre advertising schemes). Ó Donghaile is adamant about what he calls the “entertainment value” of terrorist themes, writing that “many late Victorian readers found having their ‘nerves’, or political-conceptual faculties, shattered a very thrilling experience, as proven by their eager consumption of popular narratives of revolutionary violence. … Fenian bombs entertained as much as they terrified and appealed to sensation-hungry readers of penny dreadfuls and popular magazines” (3). One aspect of this appeal, Ó Donghaile’s study suggests, is that it is politically elastic, with dynamite novels ranging widely in their support or condemnation of radical causes. Thus what might seem a passing infatuation of popular writers—the excesses and intrigues of plots against the city, public officials, and the public itself; the effects of dynamite when it explodes—in fact cut across the culture and eventually found a home in one strand of modernism: Vorticism’s brash and aggressive challenge to bourgeois values of liberalism and complacency. It seems unquestionably right that the bomb entered the gritty life of urban modernity in this period, and to account for the role literature played in this major turn of consciousness is significant. Nevertheless, claims about the “thrill” of dynamite literature, or easy elisions of the meaning of “explosion,” made repeatedly...

Modern Food, Moral Food: Self-Control, Science, and the Rise of Modern American Eating in the Early Twentieth Century by Helen Zoe Veit

162 BOOK REVIEWS to compensation from injuries caused by wounds. The discussion on each set of laws is robust, but unfortunately little explanation is given as to why these two sets of laws are discussed together, beyond the fact of their Germanic origins. The Aristotelian maxim that the sum is greater than its parts is one that can certainly be applied to this collection. Taken alone, the relevance of wounds to enhancing our understanding of the middle ages may not be fully appreciated. The collection proves, however, how closely aligned the link between the health of the body and the health of the soul was in the medieval mind. Louise Elizabeth Wilson encapsulates this when she states: ‘What appears to be at stake is the location of the earthly boundary between competing views of the primacy of either heavenly or earthly care’ (p. 81). In this sense, the collection delivers, showing how the conception of wounds during the middle ages, in every sense, can be a revealing entry point into the complexity of the medieval world. IRENA LARKING UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND Helen Zoe Veit, Modern Food, Moral Food: Self-Control, Science, and the Rise of Modern American Eating in the Early Twentieth Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013). ISBN 978-1-4696-0770-2 (HC). B&W photos and illustrations, xiii + 300 pp. This is one of those books that should probably have appeared in a completely different format, stripped back to its more sensationalist content and released with many illustrations and an exciting paperback cover for the popular science market. It has moments that are rattlingly interesting and page-turning, but these are buried in otherwise worthy paragraphs of social-critical theory. I would have kept the title, but perhaps jazzed it up a bit by calling it Modern Food, Moral Food: How We Learned to Eat Right. Modern Food, Moral Food is Veit’s edited PhD thesis, which examines Americans’ relationship with food from the turn of the twentieth century to the early 1920s. Unfortunately this means that the book stops just when it’s getting really interesting—the 1920s was the decade that sold thinness to the masses on an unprecedented Health & History ● 16/2 ● 2014 163 level—but at least this study shows where that idea came from. And it’s not where I thought it came from, namely the advertising industry. Instead, Veit draws together a multiplicity of ideas about wartime austerities, the servant problem and food morality during World War I. She links the development of home economics as a school and college subject with this progressive quest for better, more rational ways of being American, and also charts the introduction of immigrant cuisine to the American diet. I also now understand why Herbert Hoover was elected President—he had a long history of public service and public image behind him, directly connected to the American stomach. To her credit, Veit is a solidly archives-based author who loves her subject. She has spent months reading old recipe books and magazines and letters written by ordinary people to government departments, and when you do a thing like this, it’s easy to fall in love with your material. Thankfully, every now and then she allows this to shine through. The opening of chapter 2, ‘Eating Cats and Dogs to Feed the World’, is a hoot, and Chapters 6 and 7 are fascinating in their own right. There is a section in Chapter 6 on the development of tinned spaghetti that will bring tears to your eyes, while in Chapter 7—on the birth of the collective anorexia known as the ‘thin ideal’—I sense an author who is really engaged with her work and loving her material. If this book doesn’t make you want to go and make polenta, then I don’t know what will. But alas, just when it’s getting interesting, Veit—or perhaps her thesis supervisors—feels compelled to remind us that Americans back then were a racist, sexist, homophobic lot. Instead of simply letting them be themselves—people of their time—Veit occasionally reminds us that the American nutritional imagination was dominated by the idea of the...

Effectiveness of an online tailored intervention on determinants and behaviour to prevent ­running related sports injuries: a randomised controlled trial

Objective. Sports injuries are one of the most common injuries in the modern Western society. In line with the increased interest in eHealth, a tailor-based online injury prevention intervention was developed to influence determinants and actual sports injury preventive behaviour. An effect study was carried out among runners. Methods. Runners between 18 and 35 years were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=109) or control group (n=105). Participants in the intervention group were invited to visit the website for 30 minutes. Those in the control group were invited to read magazines that did not contain information about running, injuries or other sport related issues for 30 minutes. Online questionnaires were completed just before (T0) and immediately after the intervention (T1), and after 3 months (T2). Outcome measures were knowledge, risk perception, attitude, intention and injury prevention behaviour. Results. Immediately after the intervention (T1) an effect was found on all outcome measures. After three months (T2) the effect remained only for behaviours relating to warm-up and frequency of shoe replacement. Conclusion. Short-term (3 months) effects were demonstra­ted on determinants and actual performance of sports injury prevention behaviour. These results confirm the value of online tailored interventions for the dissemination of injury prevention knowledge.

TEACHING READING USING MAGAZINE

Teaching is a process of communication. It has to be created through the way of teaching and exchanging the message or information by every teacher and student. The message can be knowledge, skills, ideas, experiences, and many others. Through the process of communication, the people can receive the message or information. To avoid misunderstanding in the process of communication, media are needed in the process of teaching. Magazine can be other alternative as reading material in the classroom. Magazine as reading material has appeal for the students. To make the students get information from magazine, the teacher can ask the students to observe table of content and giving the students training to use it. Like, what is done on text book. Distinguishing informative reading material with fictive reading, important to know students in reading magazine. Like analyzing advertisements to detect propaganda.