Background: The cognitive effects of anxiolytics in older adults are an important domain to research given the high rates of anxiety disorders and these medications commonly prescribed. Benzodiazepines, and some of the newer non-benzo" sedative anxiolytic agents have been associated with cognitive effects as a potential side effect. This study is going to be conducted in Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar; thus the data will reflect upon population served by this particular hospital. Objectives: To assess the cognitive impact of anxiolytic medication in geriatric patients, specifically on short-term memory (STM), attention and executive functions. Design: A observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Lady Reading Hospital-Peshawar starting from January 05th 2021 to July 05th ,2022. Methods: This was an observational study conducted on 150 elderly patients at Lady Reading Hospital through non probability sampling, comparing cognitive domain of functioning between 75 users and rest controls. Cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment before and after the medication. Results - This section will describe the cognitive score changes in relation to anxiolytic use. One-way ANOVA will be utilized to examine the differences in cognitive outcomes according drug type, dosage and duration of use. Conclusions: The use of anxiolytics in elderly patients is associated with deterioration cognitive function, which was confirmed by a decrease MMSE and MoCA scores during the course of treatment. The potential cognitive side effects when prescribing anxiolytics to the elderly requires a nuanced approach by healthcare providers. Keywords: Anxiolytics; older adult patients; cognitive performance, MMSE/MoCA.