Reading Card Research Articles

Development of 4C-Integrated Karthon (Kartu Pacelathon) as an Innovative Learning Media for Javanese Dialogue

The proficiency of seventh-grade students at SMPN 2 Semarang in writing and reciting Javanese dialogue remains relatively low, highlighting the need for effective learning media. Mastery of this skill is a fundamental objective of Javanese language education, aimed at fostering good manners among students. This study seeks to 1) assess the needs of both teachers and students for the development of karthon-based learning media, and 2) design and validate a prototype of such media tailored for teaching Javanese dialogue to seventh-grade students at SMPN 2 Semarang. The research employed the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) as conceptualized by Reiser and Mollenda. Data collection methods included interviews and questionnaires, while both qualitative and quantitative techniques were utilized for data analysis. The study involved 288 seventh-grade students at SMPN 2 Semarang during the 2021/2022 academic year, with a randomly selected sample of 37 students. The research revealed a substantial demand for card-based learning media among the students. The developed prototype, featuring writing and reading cards, underwent expert review and field testing, demonstrating high suitability for classroom implementation. The findings of this study offer a valuable solution for teachers aiming to enhance Javanese dialogue skills in seventh-grade students at SMPN 2 Semarang, integrating the 4C skills—critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity—into the learning process.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Melalui Kartu Kata Pada Anak Usia 5 -6 Tahun Di Tk Islam Pamastra Kedaung – Pamulang

Improving initial reading skills in children aged 5 - 6 years is important for children because in children's lives it is always related to reading activities, therefore by mastering one aspect of language skills children are trained to be able to recognize letters, read, recognize objects and so on. etc. to improve beginning language skills through reading card media. Based on the researcher's experience, some of the group B children aged 5 - 6 years in the Pramastra Kedaung - Pamulang Islamic Kindergarten have problems with children recognizing letters and reading. Therefore, researchers look for and find solutions to stimulate children to read. The research subjects in group B were 10 children consisting of 7 girls and 3 boys. Researchers used classroom action research methods to improve language skills through kaa card media. This research was carried out in 2 cycles, namely cycle 1 was carried out in the first week while cycle 2 was carried out in the second week. From the research in cycle 1 in the first week, the results in cycle I showed that the ability to recognize letters and read had not developed well so the research was continued in cycle II which was carried out in the second week. The results showed that the ability to recognize letters and read showed better development results. From the results obtained, there is an increase which proves that initial reading activities using word cards as a medium can improve children's reading abilities.

Imaginaries from the poetry book Cipango by Thomas Harris. Wastelands, repression, and violence on Orompello Street in Concepción

This study seeks to present the imaginaries of Orompello Street in Concepción, Chile, described in the poetry book Cipango (1992) by Thomas Harris. To do this, a qualitative interpretive analysis of the collection of poems was carried out through reading cards. It was compared with the historical events that occurred in the place and a semi-structured interview with the author to delve into certain meanings present in the text. The results showed that the urban space and the living present in the story make up a heterotopia transformed into dystopia, located in a timeless context, the product of primordial violence that dates back to the time of the discovery of America and that is reproduced not only by the dictatorship of Pinochet but also by the State in democracy. The inhabitants of this place are immersed in a marginal atmosphere of repression and devastation, transforming the place into a wasteland. These characteristics and events make Orompello Street an uninhabitable place but full of meaning.

Reading Cards: Chinese Students' Rationales for their Language-Related Epistemic Beliefs

Reading Cards: Chinese Students' Rationales for their Language-Related Epistemic Beliefs

Application Of Reading Card Media To Improve Early Grade 2nd Reading Aloud Skills SD Inpres Barombong 2 Kecamatan Tamalate Kota Makassar

The problem behind this research is the low reading ability of class II students at SD Inpres Barombong 2, Tamalate District, Makassar City. This study aims to improve the ability to read aloud students of class II SD Inpres Barombong 2 Tamalate District, Makassar City. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach and a type of classroom action research (CAR), which consists of II cycles with activity stages in the form of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The focus of this research is the use of reading cards to improve students' reading aloud skills. The research subjects were teachers and students of class II SD Inpres Barombong 2, Tamalate District, Makassar City. In the odd semester of the 2022/2023 school year, a total of 25 students. Data collection uses the format of observation, tests, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative. The results showed that there was an increase in learning both in teacher and student activities and in students' reading skills. The results of this study are that the teacher's teaching activities and student learning activities have increased, it can be seen in the average value produced in cycle 1 which is 63.2 and cycle II to 85.2. In addition, the results of observations of teacher teaching activities in cycle 1 were in the less category (K) while in cycle II they were in the sufficient category (C). Student activity in cycle 1 is in the sufficient category (C), and cycle II is in the good category (B). The conclusion of this study is that the use of reading cards media can improve the reading skills of class II students at SD Inpres Barombong 2, Tamalate District, Makassar City. Keywords: Reading card learning media, reading aloud skills

Design of Automatic Management System of Electric Power Marketing Charges and Accounts Based on Robot Process Automation

In the automation construction of marketing charge accounts in power supply enterprises, the key is the automation system of electric energy measurement. It covers all levels of measurement points and collection terminals in the whole network, and integrates measurement management, analysis, monitoring and information collection. The traditional electricity charge management of electric power enterprises is the process of manual meter reading, accounting and charging. Meter readers go to each customer every month to read the meter according to the meter reading time and meter reading card, record the number of electric energy meters on the meter reading card, and then copy the data of the meter reading card on the accounting card. Manual meter reading can't meet the current demand. Therefore, this paper will study the automatic management of electric power marketing charges based on RPA (Robot process automation), and build an automatic management system of electric power marketing charges. Through the comparative analysis of experimental data, the experimental results of the response accuracy of different systems show that this system is still more advantageous, and the accuracy of this system is the highest, with an average accuracy of 81.59%. However, the accuracy of reference method and reference method are 62.72% and 46.95% respectively. A perfect charging system based on RPA can not only improve the service level and corporate image of power supply companies, but also improve the management level of power supply companies, thus improving the economic benefits of enterprises.

Perancangan Pengenalan Angka Dan Warna Pada Anak Usia Dini Menggunakan Adobe Flash CS6

The education given to early childhood is the basis of future knowledge and thought processes to teach toddlers about basic things such as recognizing numbers and colors that need determination and patience from teachers and parents. The basic concepts of numbers and colors are important to study because they learn the basics of math to solve problems. During this study, parents and teachers carried out numbers and colors at school with the help of tools such as reading books, reading cards and other teaching aids. With the media it takes activities from parents or teachers to attract children, sometimes even children get bored. Therefore, it is necessary that alternative media can be used as a medium for early childhood learning through alternative media used in the form of animation that is attractive, easy and not boring quickly. The Number and Color Recognition application as a learning medium to attract children's attention so that it is easy to learn through numbers and colors without the problem of time and place limits.

PEMBIASAAN LITERASI DASAR MELALUI KEGIATAN MEMBACA PADA SISWA SD IT EL-FATAH

Basic literacy habituation through reading activities for SD IT El-Fatah students is a service program that aims to empower the community of SD IT El-Fatah through basic reading literacy activities. The main target in this program is grade III students. The series of service activities start from the planning stage to identify the needs and strengths of students and schools. The results show that reading facilities and infrastructure in schools are not adequate and students' reading interest is still low, so plans are made to create a reading corner and a reading literacy habituation program. The implementation stage is the actualization of the plan to produce a reading corner equipped with a collection of children's story books, followed by the application of basic literacy habits through reading to third-grade students. The results of the implementation of basic literacy habituation are written on reading cards and analyzed for evaluation. Based on the results of habituation of basic literacy reading, it is known that 1) the existence of a reading corner and habituation of basic literacy reading received a positive response from students; 2) students experienced an increase in reading interest as seen from the increase in the number of pages read per day; 3) the diversity in students' reading skills can be seen from the different average number of pages that students can read per day; 4) the existence of a reading corner and a basic literacy habituation program are factors that can influence students' reading interest in terms of environmental factors and facilities.

Annual Baseline King-Devick Oculomotor Function Testing Is Needed Due to Scores Varying by Age.

Objective: To document baseline King-Devick (K-D) oculomotor function scores for male and female participants aged between 4 and 20 years old. Methods: Utilising a cross section of schools, rugby clubs and gymnastic clubs, 1936 participants (1300 male, 636 female) completed the spiral-bound K-D test for the identification of disturbed oculomotor function. Results: This study identified that overall, the baseline scores of the K-D test became faster by 1.4 (0.3 to 4.5) s per year, when compared with the previous age group in the same number of reading card groups. When comparing normative values of the original K-D validation study with the same age groups of the current cohort, participants aged 6 to 11 years recorded a faster baseline time (range 3.5 to 8.6 s), while those in the 12 to 14 years. age group recorded slower baseline times (range −3.9 to −7.9 s). Discussion: In general, there were age group differences, but not sex differences, for K-D test times in the current cohort. Analysis of single card times, across all age groups, showed changes likely due to improved reading time. Conclusion: The results support the need for individualised annual pre-injury baseline testing of the K-D test.

THE UTILITY OF A MULTIDIRECTIONAL SUBMAXIMAL EXERTIONAL STEP AS PART OF AN EXERTIONAL REHABILITATION PROTOCOL AFTER CONCUSSION

Background:This study aimed to identify whether a 5 Step Exertional Rehabilitation Protocol including a submaximal multi-directional stage (Step 5) has clinical utility for functional activity and sport clearance. Exertional Rehabilitation (EP) is a graded protocol of aerobic exercise ranging from light linear exertion (Step 1) to submaximal linear exertion (Step 4)1,2. In our 5 Step Protocol, Step 4 is followed by standardized multi-directional functional movements at high intensity intervals (Step 5) to rule out ongoing exertional intolerance.Hypothesis/Purpose:We aim to investigate if Step 5 testing demonstrates statistical evidence for its use in determining concussion recovery timelines and its diagnostic usefulness.Methods:This retrospective-chart review analyzed 60 Step 5 EP test attempts in post-concussion patients, ages 21 or younger, between Jun2019-Jun2020. Tolerance was determined by a concussion specialist who evaluated for the onset of signs/symptoms by surveying the patient throughout exercise and autonomic assessment with cardiac monitoring and pre/post orthostatic testing. Pre/Post exertion King-Devic (K-D) and vestibular testing on Force Plate were completed following Balance Error Scoring System positions. A positive change in K-D was defined as a ≥2 second delay in score on two of three reading cards from the pre-exertion testing. A positive change in vestibular testing was defined as a ≥0.2deg/sec change in the composite balance score from the pre-exertion testing.Results:The total number of failed Step 5 attempts was 21.7%. Of the failed attempts, 38.5% demonstrated dysautonomia, 92.35% had symptoms, and 30.8% demonstrated both dysautonomia and symptoms. Force Plate balance scores significantly worsened in failed attempts 15.4% of the time while passed attempts only 2.1% of the time. K-D scores did not show a statistically significant difference although failed attempts did have slightly worsened scores.Conclusion:Formal Step 5 testing is a useful diagnostic tool for understanding recovery stage, activity tolerance, and sport clearance. Autonomic, visual, and vestibular testing can be useful as objective markers of test tolerance.Tables/Figures:Figure 1.1.Figure 1.2.Citations:1) Leddy JJ, Haider MN, Ellis MJ, Mannix R, Darling SR, Freitas MS, Suffoletto HN, Leiter J, Cordingley DM, Willer B. Early Subthreshold Aerobic Exercise for Sport-Related Concussion: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Apr 1;173(4):319-325.2) Gagnon etal. Another look at active rehabilitation for slow-to-recover sport-related concussion in children and adolescents: further evidence to support its effectiveness. BJSM, 2013.

The Effect of Increases in User Weight and Road Slope on Energy Consumption in Disabled Vehicle Driven with PMSM

In this study, the effect of increases in user weight and road slope on energy consumption (Wh/km) value of a disabled vehicle driven with permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was investigated. In order to digitize this effect, a test system consisting of a data reading card and an interface program prepared in Visual C # was developed. In this way, information about the disabled vehicle and the road was collected instantly during the test process and visualized in the interface. Then experimental studies were carried out on two roads with different slopes with users of different weights. Finally, by using the obtained results, the effect of increases in road slope and user weight on the energy consumption of the vehicle was demonstrated by numerical data. By using these results, the numerical simulations of battery-operated disabled vehicles can be calibrated and much more realistic simulation results can be obtained in future studies.

Implementasi Program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Pada Tahap Pembiasaan Membaca

Abstract
 This research study about implementation of literation movement program of reading habbit steps for 4th grader in SDN Sampangan, study about impact and teacher’s role in conducting literation program. This research is field research with use qualitative approach. Technique of data collection is conducted by documentation, observation and interview. Technique of data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation, and making conclusion while to check data validity is done by observation, triangulation technique and triangulation sources. The result show that The Implementation of Literation Movement Program on Reading Habituation Step for 4th Grader in SDN Sampangan 02 through six steps. First, giving time 10-15 minutes for reading. It can be conducted in class or out of class. Summerize what they are read from the textbook. Retelling what they are read in front of the class. Giving appreciate for student who are already retelling in front of the class and making a note for book which are already read and borrowed by the student in reading card. Positive impact of this activity is there are daily reading habbit which make students become keen on reading and improving their reading references. The role of 4th grader teacher are as assistant and facilitator.

Augmented Reality-Based Multimedia in Early Reading Learning: Introduction of ICT to Children

The background of this research is the need to develop multimedia in early reading learning. Development of this Augmented Reality-Based Multimedia is also as an effort to introduce ICT to children. This study aims to produce a multimedia learning, which combines the use of flash cards, android applications, and 3-dimensional images. This research is based on Research and Development. The steps taken in this research process refer to Borg & Gall (2003) research stages. The use of AR includes several stages, including: (1) downloading the “Let’s Learn to Read (AR)!” App in the play store on android phone; (2) install the application into phone; (3) open an application already installed on the phone; (4) scan AR reading card using application; (5) 3D images, letters, and words will appear on the phone screen; (6) Point your finger behind the phone in the word that appears on the screen to bring up the audio. This multimedia has been validated by experts and is tested on a limited and wide basis to elementary school students, parents, and teachers. The test considers functionality, efficiency, and usability of this media. The test results show that the user response to this media is good.

Self-Regulated Learners in Voluntary Reading: The effects and Implications on EFL Reading Classes

This study was an attempt to investigate how self-regulated learning through voluntary reading (VR) affects EFL students’ reading comprehension. The researchers transform the self-regulation strategy that is usually done in class into self-checking voluntary reading card based on self-regulated learning (SRL). This research applied quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test control group design and to achieve the goal, 93 Indonesian EFL learners of a private university in East Java, Indonesia were chosen based on their performance on preliminary research treated as experimental and control group. The experimental group did VR activity and SRL strategies, and the control group received direct teaching. The data were analyzed using t-test and the result showed that that the self-regulation through voluntary reading has a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension. This study implicitly reminds all EFL teachers in Indonesia to pay more attention to increase students’ self-regulation and to overcome the problems of independence, interest, habit in reading, and reading comprehension that the students face.

Effectiveness of Some Reading Activities towards Improving the Reading Abilities of Primary School Pupils in Nigeria

The study sought to determine if the utilization of three reading activities in a remediation class for experimental (E) group of primary five (5) pupils who were deficient in reading would improve their reading abilities over their counterparts in the control (C) group taught the remedial lessons through the traditional teacher-centered approach. It also investigated if sex would be a significant factor in determining the performance of the treatment and control groups. Two research questions and two null hypothesis guided the study. The subjects were made up of 38 reading-deficient primary five (5) pupils randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made and validated reading assessment checklist, the inter-rater reliability coefficient of which yielded an index of 0.82 using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients. The C and E group teachers received orientations on the approaches to adopt to carry out their task. Steps were taken to establish equivalence of the instructional conditions of the two groups, the only difference being the experimental treatment which consisted of the use of 3 activities: Reading chart activity, Paired reading and Command card game. After the remedial treatment experiment which lasted for three weeks of compact activities, the E and C subjects were tested with their class-appropriate reader. Results established the significant superiority of the experimental group over the control. Sex was not found to be a significant factor as no difference existed between the male and female pupils in the E and C groups.

Aproximación a una Conceptualización de la Supremacía Constitucional a partir de la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de los EE. UU

El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la irrupción del neoconstitucionalismo, buscando definir un postulado ínsito en este: el principio de supremacía constitucional a partir de la jurisprudencia del máximo tribunal estadounidense, así como en simultanea se examina el fundamento jurídico-político del activismo judicial propio del referenciado paradigma.
 Se enmarca el tópico dentro de sus fronteras originarias: el derecho anglosajón, al mismo tiempo que se relaciona tangencialmente con el ordenamiento normativo colombiano en gracia a su tácito impacto en su estructura, máxime en su sistema de fuentes al tornarse como tendencia sucesora del fenómeno tradicional positivista.
 Se empleó como método la revisión documental del estado del arte a través de la búsqueda selectiva en bases de datos y el estudio de la literatura tratante de la temática, información procesada a través de fichas de revisión analítica (FRA), fichas bibliográficas y de lectura, así como de análisis jurisprudenciales estandarizados.
 Se conceptúa el principio de supremacía constitucional desde las principales doctrinas, previamente identificadas, suscitadas en el sistema administrativo federal estadounidense, concretamente del desarrollo del quehacer de la administración de justicia: las nociones del principio de supremacía constitucional en estricto sentido, la libertad de expresión y la hegemonía de raza, como constantes en el devenir de la Corte Suprema Estadounidense.
 Por último, se sienta una postura frente al sustrato posibilitador de la practica judicial como contenedor de los otros brazos del Estado y su auto-atribución para el ejercicio de las políticas públicas con fundamento en la supremacía constitucional.

Feasibility of using Determine TB-LAM to diagnose tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients in programmatic conditions: a multisite study

ABSTRACTBackground: Determine TB-LAM is a urine-based point-of-care assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).Objective: To assess the feasibility of using LAM to diagnose TB in adult HIV-positive patients in resource-limited settings.Methods: We performed a multi-centric mixed-methods cross-sectional descriptive study in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, and Mozambique. We used the study and program monitoring tools to estimate user workload, turn-around time (TAT), and proportion of patients with LAM and sputum-based results. We conducted semi-structured interviews to assess the user acceptability of the LAM.Results: The duration of the LAM testing activity per patient was 27 min (IQR 26–29); staff continued with other duties whilst waiting for the result. More patients had a LAM versus a sputum-based result: 168/213 (78.9%) vs 77/213 (36.1%), p < 0.001 in DRC; 691/695 (99.4%) vs 429/695 (61.7%), p < 0.001 in Malawi; and 646/647 (99.8%) vs 262/647 (40.5%), p < 0.001 in Mozambique. The median TAT in minutes when LAM was performed in the consultation room was 75 (IQR 45–188) in DRC, 29 (IQR 27–39) in Malawi, and 36 (IQR 35–41) in Mozambique. In comparison, the overall median TAT for sputum-based tests (smear or GeneXpert) was 2 (IQR 1–3) days. The median time to the first anti-TB drug dose for LAM-positive patients was 155 (IQR 90–504) minutes in DRC and 90 (IQR 60–117) minutes in Mozambique. The overall inter-reader agreement for the interpretation of the LAM result as positive or negative was 98.9%, kappa 0.97 (95%CI 0.96–0.99). Overall, LAM users found the test easy to perform. Major concerns were use of the reading card and the prior requirement of CD4 results before LAM testing.Conclusion: It is feasible to implement the LAM test in low resource settings. The short TAT permitted same day initiation of TB treatment for LAM-positive patients.

Preliminary study on reading speed test with IReST for normally-sighted young Chinese readers

Objective: To assess the reading speed of normally-sighted young Chinese with the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST) Chinese version, and evaluate the normal range of the texts, the equivalence of the ten different texts and the potential clinical value. Methods: Evaluation of diagnostic techniques. Participants aged 18 to 35 years old with junior high school or above education and best corrected visual acuity no less than 0.6 were recruited. Best corrected visions of both eyes and binocular vision were tested, and ocular and nervous system diseases were excluded with slit-lamp microscope and funduscope. All the ten texts were read aloud at a distance of 40cm one by one according to a random sequence for each participant. Reading speeds were calculated based on the reading time measured with a stopwatch and number of characters read correctly. The procedure was repeated once again a week later. Data were collected with Epidata and further analyzed with R software. Data accorded with normal distribution and homogeneity of variance were compared by t-test, or by rank sum test. Results: One hundred and three volunteers aged (26.0±2.8) years old participated in the survey. Among them, 66% were female, 96.1% had college education, 53.4% wear glasses in daily life. The best corrected vision of both distance and near were 1.0 (decimal). For the first test, average reading speed for all the participants and texts was (295±51) characters/min,much faster than the normal range provided by the reading cards. No significant difference was found between different texts, and the biggest variance between texts was 11 characters/min(P>0.05). The average reading speed of the second test was (315±53) characters/min, which was faster than the first one (P<0.05) . No statistic relationship was found between reading speed and age, education level or wearing of glasses. However, women read faster than men, and significant difference was found between male and female volunteers in 5 texts during the first test. Conclusions: Normally-sighted young Chinese readers read faster than the normal range provided by IReST cards. There is significant variance of reading speed between different individuals. Although learning effect due to the repeated tests should be considered, the ten texts are of favorable consistency. IReST can be a useful tool for assessing reading performance, especially for comparing results before and after interventions with different texts. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 120-124).

FNIRS differentiates cognitive workload between concussed adolescents and healthy controls

fNIRS differentiates cognitive workload between concussed adolescents and healthy controls

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Athletes Pre- and Post-Season Demonstrates Consistent Pattern of Frontal Cortical Activation with King-Devick Testing

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Athletes Pre- and Post-Season Demonstrates Consistent Pattern of Frontal Cortical Activation with King-Devick Testing