Reading Achievement Of Students Research Articles

Reading Skills in Malay Language Literacy of Dyslexic Students

Problems in literacy is the most significant aspect in the learning process of dyslexic students. This study was conducted to analyze the reading skills in Malay language literacy among dyslexic students. The sample of this study was 10 dyslexic students who were selected from the Malaysia Dyslexia Association. A mixed-method approach was conducted to identify reading problems according to the LINUS 2.0 construct, which was developed by the Special Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia. Reading problems according to the LINUS 2.0 were measured based on the construct in the Malay Language Reading Skills Literacy Diagnostic for Dyslexics. This diagnostic was used to assess 12 reading skills in the reading achievement of dyslexic students' literacy constructs. Each reading skill has 5 items to read. This diagnostic focuses on 12 reading skills that were analyzed according to the dyslexic students' level of learning. The findings of this study prove that dyslexic students have a poor level of literacy skills in reading Malay. From this study, the researcher has produced a new approach to literacy construct that is suitable for dyslexic students. Based on the reading ability of the subjects in this study, the researcher concludes that the knowledge of graphemes-phonemes and syllable segmentation is unsatisfactory. The findings of this study have an impact on the Special Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia, in that curriculum planning for dyslexic students can be examined. The findings of this study also have an impact on dyslexic teachers in that they can plan their teaching and learning to suit the level of mental development of dyslexic students in Malaysia.

An Electronic Program based on The Quality Matters ™ Rubric Standards (QM) and its Impact on Reading Achievement and Executive Functions among Students with Reading Disabilities and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder

The present study aims at investigating the impact of an electronic reading program based on Quality Matters (QM) on reading achievement and executive functions among students with reading disabilities and attention Deficit and hyperactivity disorder. 
 The population of the study included all third grade students reading disabilities and attention Deficit and hyperactivity disorder in Asir region. The sample of the study contained seven students who were purposively selected to participate in the experiment. 
 The researcher has prepared a test to measure the students’ reading achievement and executive functions. The test was developed through reviewing the relevant literature of the topic being studied and consulting the experts in special education, psychology and educational measurement. The validity and reliability of the test were ensured as well. 
 In addition, the researcher developed an electronic reading program for developing reading achievement and executive functions of students with reading disabilities and attention Deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The program was developed to fulfill the needs of the students at this particular age. The present study used the quasi-experimental design to examine the impact of the electronic program on reading achievement and executive functions. For the statistical purpose, Wilcoxon Test were utilized to answer the Study questions. The results of this study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the Pre and post measurement in reading achievement and executive functions; this difference was in favor of post measurement.

The impact of pre-primary education on primary student achievement: evidence from SACMEQ III

ABSTRACT Previous studies have paid considerable attention to the impact on a child’s primary education of attending pre-primary school. Researchers have asserted that early educational intervention can compensate for the effects of poverty and inadequate learning environments on child development and school success. This study analyzes the relationship between pre-primary education and student reading and mathematics achievement in the sixth grade, focusing on disadvantaged children, in countries that participated in the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) III project. The results show that the achievement of children who attended pre-primary education is higher than that of those who did not. The achievement of children who have many home resources for learning is better than that of children who have a few such resources. In almost all countries, disadvantaged children’s achievement is increased when they attend pre-primary education. However, the contribution of pre-primary education to ameliorating social inequalities is different in the various contexts of different countries. These findings contribute to the discussion on the importance of early childhood care and education, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

The Impact of Professional Development on Inservice Teachers’ Culturally Responsive Practices and Students’ Reading Achievement

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of a professional development in culturally responsive practices on in-service teacher practices and student achievement in reading. Using a concurrent explanatory mixed method design that incorporated quasi-experimental analysis of implementation and achievement data alongside inductive analysis of interview data, researchers investigated effects of the professional development on 21 K-8 teachers and their students. Results indicated that participating teachers grew significantly in their implementation of culturally responsive practices as compared to a control group. Students whose teachers participated in the professional development made significantly higher gains in reading achievement than students in control classes. Teachers linked changes in family collaboration, instruction, discourse, and critical consciousness to higher student achievement.

Profiles of reading mindset and self-efficacy: how are they related to achievement goals, engagement, and reading achievement?

This study examined how self-beliefs, particularly reading mindset and self-efficacy, interact together to predict reading-specific achievement goals and engagement as well as reading achievement in fourth-grade students. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles (n = 206): Confident and Fixed Mindset, Moderately Confident and Neutral Mindset, and Confident and Growth Mindset. Compared to the Confident Growth Mindset profile, the Confident Fixed Mindset profile had higher performance goals and lower behavioural engagement and reading achievement. The Confident Fixed Mindset profile showed even lower reading achievement than the Moderately Confident and Neutral Mindset profile on school English/Language Arts grade and vocabulary performance. Lastly, the Confident Growth Mindset profile showed higher levels of behavioural and cognitive engagement than the Moderately Confident and Neutral Mindset profile. Overall, the effects of mindset supersede self-efficacy on reading-related outcomes, suggesting the importance of providing support that promotes a growth mindset before upper elementary students endorse a fixed mindset.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Hybrid Developmental Reading Course at One Urban Community College: A Quasi-Experimental Comparative Study


 
 
 Based on the response for the need to engage students in developmental reading, the purpose of this study was to examine whether a hybrid method of instruction has an impact on student reading achievement. To measure reading achievement, quantitative data in the form of student grades on end of the semester exit exams was collected. Data was analysed using dependent-samples paired t-test and the results indicated a significant impact on reading achievement: t=.360, p=0.011. Future research is needed to determine the impact of the hybrid method of instruction on developmental reading students in differing socioeconomic backgrounds and geographic locations.
 
 

Interaction of Socioeconomic Status and Class Relations on Reading

Student–teacher relationships (STRs) and socioeconomic status (SES) are two widely studied variables that have been found to predict reading achievement in the early grades. The current study extends the literature by investigating the interaction between STRs, measured using the STR Scale completed by teachers, and SES on reading achievement using a nationally representative data set. The study included approximately 8,380 first-grade students and 2,930 teachers, from 860 schools, representing a weighted sample of 3.15 million students. Results from multilevel modeling that controlled for student-, teacher-, and school-level factors found that both STRs and SES were strongly associated with student reading achievement. There was also a statistically significant interaction between close STRs and SES on reading achievement, suggesting that less conflictual STRs were associated with increased reading achievement scores for all students, but were particularly beneficial for students from low SES backgrounds. Educational implications are provided.

The Importance of Metacognitive Strategies in Reading Literacy-Results of the PISA Testing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a large-scale assessment of 15-year-old students’ achievements in three broad areas: Reading, science, and mathematics. PISA results are widely used in discussions on various educational aspects, such as educational policy, quality of education, and teaching methods. Although PISA started in 2000, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) participated for the first time in 2018. The core subject for the 2018 circle of testing was reading. Thus, the goal of the present article was to examine the effects of metacognitive strategies on the reading achievement of students in BIH. The sample for this analysis was composed of 5,482 students (2,701 female and 2,781 male students). The results showed that metacognitive strategies had a significant effect on reading achievement. We conclude the article with some remarks on how teachers can employ metacognitive strategies in their everyday practice and thus increase their students’ reading achievement.

The role of academic self-determined reading motivation, reading self-concept, home reading environment, and student reading behavior in reading achievement among American Indian and Hispanic students

Although an increasing body of reading research explores motivation among students from underrepresented racially minoritized groups in academic settings, the research tends to either lump students into an “underrepresented racial minority” (URM) or an “Other” category or focus on students from specific racial backgrounds (e.g., White, Asian, or Black students). This approach results in students too few in number being overlooked (e.g., American Indian students). However, these students represent an important part of the U.S. culture and school population. The scarce research available focuses on achievement gaps, rather than studying factors such as reading motivation and reading self-concept, which have been suggested to contribute to reading success among American Indian students. Therefore, this study explored self-determined reading motivation, reading self-concept, home reading environment, and student reading behaviors in the prediction of reading achievement among American Indian students representing 19 American Indian Tribes (in comparison to Hispanic students) from one Southwestern State and explored the interrelations between these variables. In a sample of 343 grade 5–8 students (n = 219, 63.8%, American Indian students; n = 124, 36.2% Hispanic students) multiple-group path analyses in Mplus revealed differential relations among the variables: Whereas reading self-concept was the strongest predictor of reading achievement for both groups of students, intrinsic motivation was negatively related to reading achievement for American Indian students. Potential explanations of the observed interrelations are discussed.

Socioeconomic status and reading outcomes: Neurobiological and behavioral correlates.

In this chapter, we examine reading outcomes and socioeconomic status (SES) using a developmental cognitive and educational neuroscience perspective. Our focus is on reading achievement and intervention outcomes for students from lower SES backgrounds who struggle with reading. Socioeconomic disadvantage is a specific type of vulnerability students experience, which is often narrowly defined based on parental income, education level, and/or occupational prestige. However, implications of socioeconomic status extend broadly to a suite of areas relevant for reading outcomes including a student's access to resources, experiences, language exposure, academic outcomes, and psychological correlates. Underlying this constellation of factors are brain systems supporting the processing of oral and written language as well as stress-related factors. We review the implications of SES and reading achievement, and their intersectionality, for the science and practice of reading instruction.

Parent involvement and children's academic achievement: Evidence from a census of public school students in Brazil.

In order to broaden findings beyond high-income countries, this study used path models to test associations between parent involvement and student achievement in Brazil using a 2017 census of public school students in fifth grade (N=2,167,729, Mage =11, 49% female, 44% Parda, 29% White, 11% Black, 3% Asian, 3% Indigenous) and ninth grade (N=1,782,899, Mage =15, 51% female, 46% Parda, 29% White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 3% Indigenous). Parent involvement showed positive associations with student reading and math achievement for fifth graders (βs=.11 & .09) but essentially null associations for ninth graders (βs=-.01). Students' homework completion mediated associations in both grades (βs=.03). Parent education was not a strong moderator of associations.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study.

Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on education worldwide. There is increased discussion of possible negative effects on students’ learning outcomes and the need for targeted support. We examined fourth graders’ reading achievement based on a school panel study, representative on the student level, with N = 111 elementary schools in Germany (total: N = 4,290 students, age: 9–10 years). The students were tested with the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study instruments in 2016 and 2021. The analysis focused on (1) total average differences in reading achievement between 2016 and 2021, (2) average differences controlling for student composition, and (3) changes in achievement gaps between student subgroups (i.e., immigration background, socio-cultural capital, and gender). The methodological approach met international standards for the analysis of large-scale assessments (i.e., multiple multi-level imputation, plausible values, and clustered mixed-effect regression). The results showed a substantial decline in mean reading achievement. The decline corresponds to one-third of a year of learning, even after controlling for changes in student composition. We found no statistically significant changes of achievement gaps between student subgroups, despite numerical tendencies toward a widening of achievement gaps between students with and without immigration background. It is likely that this sharp achievement decline was related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are discussed in terms of further research needs, practical implications for educating current student cohorts, and educational policy decisions regarding actions in crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reading Trajectories in Elementary Grades: A Longitudinal Analysis

<p style="text-align:justify">Research shows that children's reading proficiency levels in the early grades positively correlate with students' future academic achievement. This study provides the first-ever analysis of reading achievement trajectories for a cohort of students in grades 3 to 5 in 2014–17 in Hawaii schools. Hawaii serves a diverse student population whose characteristics differ in ways often overlooked by standard US racial and ethnic classifications. Our analysis shows that Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander students not only start at a lower reading proficiency than their peers in Grade 3, but the achievement gap widens as they move from Grade 3 to Grade 5. Moreover, we find a strong association between students' third-grade performance and reading achievement growth rate above and beyond all other factors in our longitudinal model. The difference in performance patterns between student subgroups across the elementary grades can serve as an accurate baseline for yearly monitoring. In light of our findings, we discuss implications for policy and practice.</p>

A multilevel regression analysis of computer-mediated communication in synchronous and asynchronous contexts and digital reading achievement in Japanese students

ABSTRACT In the digital era, traditional communication has undergone a drastic transformation into computer-mediated communication (CMC), which can be classified into synchronous CMC (SCMC) and asynchronous CMC (ASCMC). This study compared the effects of extracurricular CMC among students about schoolwork on students' digital reading achievement between SCMC and ASCMC, with the categorization of students into three levels, i.e., top, medium, and low achievers. Data from 6,109 samples representing 183 schools in Japan were retrieved from the dataset of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018. Due to the hierarchical nature of the data, multilevel regression analysis was adopted to identify the variance of studentand school-level. The results revealed a significant positive effect of SCMC on the digital reading performance of students, while ASCMC had a negative impact. Furthermore, among the three categories of achievers, medium achievers were the group most sensitive to both SCMC and ASCMC at any frequency, while top achievers were not significantly influenced by SCMC and ASCMC at any frequency, and low achievers were influenced by SCMC and ASCMC only at several frequencies. These findings indicate that it is more advisable for students to use SCMC, and treatment should be customized to students of different levels.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Reading and Mathematics Achievement for Students With Learning Disabilities

We examined to what extent subgroups of students identified with learning disabilities (LDs; N = 630) in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999 (ECLS-K): 1998 national longitudinal study displayed heterogeneity in longitudinal profiles of reading and mathematics achievement from first to eighth grades. Multivariate growth mixture modeling yielded four classes of combined reading and mathematics trajectories for students with LD. The largest class of students with LD (Class 2, 54.3%) showed mean T-scores for both achievement domains that averaged about 1 SD below the mean, with modest decline over time. Almost a quarter of the sample (Class 1, 22.3%) displayed mean T-scores in both achievement areas near the peer-normed average; these students were mostly White, from higher socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, and had experienced earlier identification as having an LD as well as shorter duration of LD service. Classifying heterogeneity in longitudinal trajectories of both achievement areas shows promise to better understand the educational needs of students identified with an LD.

Principal job satisfaction, distributed leadership, teacher-student relationships, and student achievement in Turkey: a multilevel mediated-effect model

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between principal job satisfaction, distributed leadership, teacher-student relationships, and student reading achievement in Turkey. Using school- and teacher-level data from the PISA 2018 and TALIS 2018, we conducted a mediated-effect with antecedent effect model, in which the construct of teacher-student relationships was proposed as the mediator of the effects of distributed leadership on student achievement, while principal job satisfaction was included as the antecedent of distributed leadership. The results confirmed the indirect effect of distributed leadership on student achievement through teacher-student relationships. We also found that principal job satisfaction exercised a positive and significant effect on the enactment of distributed leadership practices. This study adds evidence to the international literature suggesting that principal job satisfaction is an important mechanism for distributed leadership practices and that the execution of such practices improves student achievement by promoting teacher-student relationships. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.

Special Education Teacher Preparation, Literacy Instructional Alignment, and Reading Achievement for Students With High-incidence Disabilities

We used survey and administrative data from Washington State to assess the degree to which special education teacher preparation, district literacy instructional practices, and the alignment between preparation and practice were associated with the reading test score gains of students with high-incidence disabilities taught by early-career special education teachers in Grades 4 to 8. These students tended to have larger reading gains when their districts used evidence-based literacy decoding practices (e.g., phonological awareness, phonics, and reading fluency) and when their special education teacher graduated from a teacher education program that also emphasized these practices. Students with high-incidence disabilities in districts that used balanced literacy practices tended to have lower reading gains. Finally, students with high-incidence disabilities taught by early-career special education teachers tended to have larger reading gains when their teacher’s student teaching placement was supervised by a more experienced cooperating teacher.

Exploring the interplay between socioeconomic status and reading achievement: An expectancy-value perspective.

Socioeconomic status (SES) and motivation are both important predictors of student achievement. However, most studies have investigated these factors separately, and very few have looked into the interplay between SES and motivation as determinants of student reading achievement. We intend to bridge this gap by examining a model of SES predicting reading achievement through motivation (i.e., expectancy and value) at both student and school levels. We used the data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 of 26,281 students from four regions in Greater China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taipei). We used multi-group multilevel path analysis to test whether SES would predict reading achievement mediated by expectancy and value in student and school levels across four regions, with gender as a covariate. Results showed that at the student level, SES significantly predicted reading achievement indirectly through both expectancy and value across four regions. At the school level, the relationship between school SES and school reading achievement was mostly direct. The study was able to demonstrate the motivational gap as a pathway in which economic inequality can contribute to students' reading achievement gap.

The Use of Integrating SQ3R Technique and Quizizz Application to Improve Students’ Reading Achievement

The present study assessed and compared two different techniques for improving students reading achievement. Integrating SQ3R and Quiziz was compared to conventional SQ3R. Thirty one students of second grade SMA IT SMART INSANI participated in this study as experimental and control class. The instrument used in this study was reading test. The data of the research were collected through pre-test and post-test. The result showed that the integration of SQ3R and Quizizz in experimental class and conventional SQ3R in control class improved all the aspects of reading. The highest improve occurred in the aspects of identifying specific information and determining inference in experimental class and determining main idea aspect in control class. In general, the integration of SQ3R and Quizizz in experimental class gives better improvement in students reading achievement than conventional SQ3R. However, it was found that the significance level (2-tailed) was 0.126 higher than 0.05 that indicates there was no significant difference of students’ reading achievement between experimental class and control class. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the implementation of Integrating SQ3R and Quizizz was better than conventional SQ3R to improve students reading achievement. The use of integration SQ3R and Quizizz significantly promoted students reading achievement. Keywords: SQ3R technique, Quizizz application, reading achievement.

Addressing inequity and underachievement: Intervening to improve middle leaders’problem-solving conversations

Reducing inequity is the moral imperative confronting today’s educational leaders. Central to reducing inequity is leaders’ ability to solve the school-based problems that contribute to it, while building the positive and trusting professional relationships required for teachers to commit to the hard work of improvement. A theory of collaborative problem-solving informed our intervention designed to improve the effectiveness of leaders’ behaviour as they worked with their teachers to accelerate the reading achievement of students yet to reach age-related standards. A concurrent mixed methods design was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention by analysing transcripts of interviews and leader-teacher conversations and student reading achievement data. Leaders’ effectiveness in their conversations improved significantly as did the reading outcomes of their target students. Our findings suggest that even short interventions grounded in strong theory with appropriate learning opportunities can affect a positive change in leadership behaviour and student outcomes.