Measure Of Readiness Research Articles

Psychological readiness to return to the slopes following serious injury among competitive skiers and snowboarders

IntroductionDespite the traditional focus on assessment of athletes’ physical readiness to return to sport, mounting evidence suggests that consideration of psychological readiness is critically important in ensuring that individuals safely and effectively resume competitive activities. ObjectivesThe primary aims of this article are to: (1) evaluate existing measures assessing psychological readiness; among skiers and snowboarders (the focus of this special issue); (3) discuss biopsychosocial factors that facilitate or undermine psychological readiness; and (4) highlight implications of psychological readiness for return to sport outcomes and articulate future research directions. MethodsA literature search was performed in Scopus, PsycInfo, and PubMed using the keywords “psychological readiness,” “ski injuries,” “snowboard injuries,” “return to sport,” and “concussions.” ResultsExisting measures of psychological readiness are limited by conceptual ambiguities and measurement shortcomings. Limited research with skiers and snowboarders suggests that cognitive, affective, and behavioral elements of psychological readiness outlined in past work is apparent among skiers. Physical (issue healing and body system recovery), psychological (personality, recovery motivation), and social (social support, trust in rehabilitation providers) factors can facilitate or undermine psychological readiness. Psychological readiness predicts salient postinjury outcomes, such as the likelihood of returning to sport, reinjury, as well as the quality of postinjury performance. ConclusionsFuture research is needed to further delineate the nature of psychological readiness among skiers and snowboarders. Existing evidence, however, suggests a variety of biopsychosocial factors contribute to athletes’ psychological readiness which may be a key predictor of salient postinjury outcomes.

Career Adaptability as a Predictor of Job Search Intentions and Career Readiness of Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates

In this study, we used the career construction theory (CCT) to examine the effects of career adaptability resources and career adapting responses on the career readiness of young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using data from a sample of 635 senior business students at two universities, we found that career adaptability has a positive impact on two measures of career readiness including career decidedness and perceived employability. Our findings also indicate that career adaptability, as expected, predicts two relevant career adaptive responses within the United Arab Emirates context including intentions to seek “Wasta” (using social connections to help in finding a job) and willingness to work in the private sector (WWPS). We further found that WWPS mediates the relationship between career adaptability and perceived employability. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Using cognitive interviews to improve a measure of organizational readiness for implementation

BackgroundOrganizational readiness is a key factor for successful implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), but a valid and reliable measure to assess readiness across contexts and settings is needed. The R = MC2 heuristic posits that organizational readiness stems from an organization’s motivation, capacity to implement a specific innovation, and its general capacity. This paper describes a process used to examine the face and content validity of items in a readiness survey developed to assess organizational readiness (based on R = MC2) among federally qualified health centers (FQHC) implementing colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) EBIs.MethodsWe conducted 20 cognitive interviews with FQHC staff (clinical and non-clinical) in South Carolina and Texas. Participants were provided a subset of items from the readiness survey to review. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to elicit feedback from participants using “think aloud” and probing techniques. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling approach and interviews were conducted virtually using Zoom and WebEx. Participants were asked 1) about the relevancy of items, 2) how they interpreted the meaning of items or specific terms, 3) to identify items that were difficult to understand, and 4) how items could be improved. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in ATLAS.ti. Findings were used to revise the readiness survey.ResultsKey recommendations included reducing the survey length and removing redundant or difficult to understand items. Additionally, participants recommended using consistent terms throughout (e.g., other units/teams vs. departments) the survey and changing pronouns (e.g., people, we) to be more specific (e.g., leadership, staff). Moreover, participants recommended specifying ambiguous terms (e.g., define what “better” means).ConclusionUse of cognitive interviews allowed for an engaged process to refine an existing measure of readiness. The improved and finalized readiness survey can be used to support and improve implementation of CRCS EBIs in the clinic setting and thus reduce the cancer burden and cancer-related health disparities.

Competition in context: response selection within the supervisory attentional system model

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of context bias and target exposure duration on error rates (ERR) and response times (RTs) in letter choice task within context. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) was recorded in both hands during context presentation, as a measure of readiness to respond. The goal was to affect the outcome of the task by manipulating relative schemata activation levels prior to target onset, as per the Supervisory Attentional System model. At short exposures, context bias and sEMG activity affected ERR, whereas at longer durations, RTs were affected. Context bias mediated the effect of sEMG activity. Increasing activity in both hands led to higher ERR and RTs in incongruent context. Non-increasing activity in the non-responding lead to lack of relationship between sEMG activity and behavior, irrespective of context. sEMG activity in both hands was found to be interrelated and context-sensitive. These results conform to the predictions of the Supervisory Attentional Model.

Industry 4.0 Maturity and Readiness- A case of a Steel Manufacturing Organization

Industry 4.0(I4.0) is changing the manufacturing ecosystem of the world with the integration of digital technologies in the way companies manufacture, improve, and distribute their products. However, most manufacturing companies often fail to integrate these technologies within their organizational departments due to a lack of Industry 4.0 readiness assessment of the existing systems, processes, and practices. On the other hand, using Industry 4.0 readiness measures, it is possible to assess the current status of the organization to enable them to integrate and help them transition towards an Industry 4.0 mature and ready organization. Hence, this study presents a case analysis of major departments of a large integrated steel manufacturing company and identifies gaps and provides recommendations to reach towards Industry 4.0.

Ключевые аспекты развития экономической безопасности в практике регионального управления (часть 2)

The development of the economic security of the region (ESR) is a key factor in increasing the resilience of the regional economy to modern challenges and threats, as indicated by the Strategy of Economic Security of Russia until 2030. Conditions for restricting sales and supplies, and destruction of existing logistics chains make the task of developing the ESR especially urgent. At the same time, the high abstractness of the concept of economic security raises new questions for researchers, including what the development of economic security is, how this development can be ensured, etc. The development of economic security implies the management of this development. However, neither the scientific community nor the practice of regional management has yet developed a holistic view of the ESR management system. In this regard, the subject of the study is the management of economic security from the positions of "as it is now" and "as it should be". For this purpose, the article analyzes the established management and monitoring practices, the possibilities of interaction of subjects and the institutional environment of the development of the ESR. The conducted research is presented in two parts. The second part of the article summarizes the key elements of the ESR management system. The article introduces the concept of maturity of the ESR management system as a measure of awareness and readiness of the management system for the successful implementation of security tasks, suggests a way to assess it based on the identified elements of the institutional environment and the Strategy of the development of the ESR. The minimum conditions for the development of the ESR are presented. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their application by regional authorities to improve the management system, monitoring and development of the economic security of the region.

Outbreaks Following Natural Disasters: A Review of the Literature.

Understanding the relationship between infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters is important in developing response and disaster risk reduction strategies. The aim of this study was to identify outbreaks associated with natural disasters during the past 20 y, and outline risk factors and mechanisms for postdisaster outbreaks. Review of the international disaster database (EM-DAT) and systematic review of the literature were conducted. The records of disaster events in EM-DAT during the past 20 y were screened. A literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed and Embase. Articles in English language published between 2000 and 2020 were searched. Data were extracted from articles and Narrative synthesis was used to summarize the findings. We found 108 events associated with epidemics, the majority being floods. We found 36 articles, most of them focused on outbreaks after floods. Risk factors and mechanisms that contributed to the outbreaks were mainly related to the consequences of disaster and its impact on the environment and living conditions of population. Infrastructure readiness and postdisaster measures play important roles in controlling the spread of epidemics after natural disasters. More evidence and research are required for better understanding of the association between natural disasters and infectious diseases outbreaks.

College Soccer Student-Athletes Demonstrate Differences in Self-Reported Athlete Health When Grouped by Match Volume.

Physical changes following activity are well documented, but there is limited information about self-reported outcomes around competitive matches. High training volumes and poor recovery could predispose athletes to overuse injury. The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in daily athlete health measures before, during, and after the day of each match in high- and low-volume groups. Prospective cohort. Fifty-five soccer athletes (age: 19.8 [1.2]y, 26 males, 29 females) provided daily measures of readiness, physical fatigue, mental stress, sleep quality, and soreness intensity match days, days 1 (D01) and 2 (D02) following matches, and standard practice days. Participants were grouped into high volume and low volume, based off the minutes played during the season. Soreness increased, readiness decreased, and fatigue increased on D01 compared with match days (P < .008) in the high-volume group. Between groups, the high-volume group demonstrated higher soreness on D01 and D02, lower readiness on D01 and D02, and lower fatigue on D01, compared with the low-volume group (P < .008). Soccer athletes demonstrate significant changes in self-reported athlete health variables around competitive matches. These changes are similar to physical outcomes, potentially indicating that the athlete health variables may be used to track athlete recovery from competition, potentially limiting the impact of overuse injuries.

Transition readiness measures for adolescents with chronic illness: A scoping review of new measures

BackgroundThe transition from pediatric to adult care settings for adolescents and young adults living with chronic conditions can be challenging and has been associated with declines in health and access to care. Well-validated measures of patients’ transition readiness are critical, both for use in the clinical setting and to rigorously evaluate transition support programs for the purposes of research and health care quality improvement. ObjectivesThis review aimed to build off existing reviews and 1) identify and describe all newly developed and validated measures for the assessment of transition readiness for youth with chronic illness from the period of 2018–2022, and 2) evaluate their measurement properties and identify gaps in measurement testing. MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO to identify articles developing and validating transition readiness in individuals aged 12–26 years with a chronic illness between 2018 and 2022. Two reviewers independently selected articles for review and assessed quality of measurement properties. Results22 studies met inclusion criteria reporting on 21 different tools. 9 studies reported on the development and evaluation of a new tool, and 13 reported on the adaptation, modification, and/or translation of an existing tool. Most adapted tools were translations and adaptations of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) (n = 7). While some of these studies demonstrated sufficient internal consistency and structural validity, few met the COSMIN criteria for reliability and hypothesis testing and none met the criteria for cross-cultural validity. Criterion validity and measurement error were not assessed in any studies. ConclusionMany new transition readiness measures continue to be developed in recent years, yet few have undergone rigorous psychometric evaluation. The TRAQ was the existing measure most often used as a model for developing new or modified tools. There remains a clear need for further validation of existing measures of patients’ readiness to transition as opposed to continuing to develop new measures.

Key Factors Related to Household Emergency Preparedness Among Parents of Newborn Infants.

A natural disaster can have devastating consequences for newborn infants. Despite this fact, there are few studies that have explored household emergency preparedness (HEP) among parents of newborn infants or factors affecting HEP in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between various demographic and socioeconomic variables and levels of HEP among parents of newborn infants. Parents of newborn infants born at a single medical center in Brooklyn, New York, completed a pre- and posttest to determine their level of HEP before and after implementing the Nurses Taking on Readiness Measures (N-TORM) intervention. For this study, a secondary statistical analysis was performed on the HEP scores gathered prior to the intervention and the demographic data collected from participants. There was a statistically significant relationship between HEP scores and homeownership t(62) = 2.75, P = .008, level of education t(66) = 2.31, P = .024, and income t(46) = 2.39, P = .021. Findings from this study indicate that there are various demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence HEP. Another critical finding was that most participants were significantly underprepared for an emergency with an average HEP score of 4.75 (SD = 2.61) out of a possible 11 points. Findings from this study support the need for neonatal and pediatric providers to develop targeted interventions to enhance the preparedness of parents of newborns in general, and in particular, those with lower household incomes, lower levels of education, and those who rent their homes.

Translation and validation of the STARx questionnaire in transitioning Chinese adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions

BackgroundAdolescent/young adults (AYAs) with chronic conditions must undergo healthcare transition (HCT) preparation until their mid-twenties. Valid HCT readiness measures are lacking in China. MethodsThe present study translated, back-translated, and adapted the Self-Management and Transition to Adulthood with Rx = Treatment (STARx) Questionnaire. We examined the psychometric properties of this tool in a relatively large in-patient sample of AYAs with various chronic health conditions at a Chinese tertiary general hospital. ResultsWe enrolled 624 AYAs aged 10–25 years (19.66 ± 3.64) with various chronic health conditions. The Chinese version of the STARx Questionnaire demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83) and reliability with a two-week test-retest (ICC = 0.88, p < .001). Furthermore, the Chinese version revealed a three-factor structure (self-management, disease knowledge, and provider communication) consistent with the revised English version of the STARx Questionnaire. In terms of discriminant validity, the total score of the Chinese STARx Questionnaire showed a significant positive correlation with age but no gender differences were found. In terms of predictive validity, the Chinese STARx Questionnaire was significantly correlated with shorter length of hospitalization and higher frequency of emergency room visit, but the correlations became insignificant after controlling for age. ConclusionsThe results suggest that the Chinese version of the STARx Questionnaire is a robust HCT readiness tool in AYAs with chronic conditions and clinicians may find it useful to develop individualized interventions.

Association between service readiness and PMTCT cascade effectiveness: a 2018 cross-sectional analysis from Manica province, Mozambique

BackgroundDespite high coverage of maternal and child health services in Mozambique, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) cascade outcomes remain sub-optimal. Delivery effectiveness is modified by health system preparedness. Identifying modifiable factors that impact quality of care and service uptake can inform strategies to improve the effectiveness of PMTCT programs. We estimated associations between facility-level modifiable health system readiness measures and three PMTCT outcomes: Early infant diagnosis (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before 8 weeks of life), PCR ever (before or after 8 weeks), and positive PCR test result.MethodsA 2018 cross-sectional, facility-level survey was conducted in a sample of 36 health facilities covering all 12 districts in Manica province, central Mozambique, as part of a baseline assessment for the SAIA-SCALE trial (NCT03425136). Data on HIV testing outcomes among 3,427 exposed infants were abstracted from at-risk child service registries. Nine health system readiness measures were included in the analysis. Logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between readiness measures and pediatric HIV testing outcomes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) are reported.ResultsForty-eight percent of HIV-exposed infants had a PCR test within 8 weeks of life, 69% had a PCR test ever, and 6% tested positive. Staffing levels, glove stockouts, and distance to the reference laboratory were positively associated with early PCR (OR = 1.02 [95%CI: 1.01–1.02], OR = 1.73 [95%CI: 1.24–2.40] and OR = 1.01 [95%CI: 1.00–1.01], respectively) and ever PCR (OR = 1.02 [95%CI: 1.01–1.02], OR = 1.80 [95%CI: 1.26–2.58] and OR = 1.01 [95%CI: 1.00–1.01], respectively). Catchment area size and multiple NGOs supporting PMTCT services were associated with early PCR testing OR = 1.02 [95%CI: 1.01–1.03] and OR = 0.54 [95%CI: 0.30–0.97], respectively). Facility type, stockout of prophylactic antiretrovirals, the presence of quality improvement programs and mothers’ support groups in the health facility were not associated with PCR testing. No significant associations with positive HIV diagnosis were found.ConclusionSalient modifiable factors associated with HIV testing for exposed infants include staffing levels, NGO support, stockout of essential commodities and accessibility of reference laboratories. Our study provides insights into modifiable factors that could be targeted to improve PMTCT performance, particularly at small and rural facilities.

Understanding academic readiness for kindergarten: The interactive role of emotion knowledge and teacher–child closeness

One goal of this study was to test the role of emotion knowledge and teacher–child closeness and conflict in predicting academic readiness for kindergarten over and above demographic factors and executive functioning skills (especially inhibitory control) known to predict readiness. Another goal was to test teacher–child closeness as a moderator of the association between emotion knowledge or executive functioning and academic readiness. A total of 141 4- and 5-year-old children completed emotion knowledge, academic readiness, and inhibitory control measures. Preschool teachers reported their perceived relationship closeness and conflict with individual students. Accounting for child age in months, family income, and inhibitory control, emotion knowledge and teacher–child closeness were positively associated with academic readiness. Teacher–child closeness moderated the relationship between emotion knowledge and academic readiness, suggesting that teacher–child closeness may be especially important in promoting academic readiness for preschool students with low emotion knowledge.

The 4Rs approach to COVID-19 emergency management during the post-pandemic period: What lessons can be learned from Shenzhen, China?

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (or Omicron) is extremely contagious and has swept the world in a short period. Shenzhen—a new international city in China with a permanent population of 17.56 million and covering nearly 2000 square kilometers—was attacked by Omicron in 2022. However, the pandemic was controlled in a very short time as a result of prompt government reaction that prevented the variant's further spread. The total number of cases in this wave of the pandemic was more than 2600. Shenzhen's successful experience in tackling the Omicron wave deserves in-depth discussion. Proposed by American scholar Robert Heath, the 4Rs model aims to reduce the harm from a crisis through the measures of reduction, readiness, response, and recovery. This article presents the successful experience of Shenzhen's local government and the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, the only hospital in Shenzhen designated to use the 4Rs emergency management model for the treatment of COVID-19 during the 2022 Omicron wave of the pandemic.

Testing the career adaptability model with senior high school students in Hong Kong

This study examined the career adaptability model of the career construction theory (CCT, Savickas, 2021) using data collected from two time points and measures that covered the inter-related domains of career and life planning. Participants were high school students (470 women and 338 men) from 14 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Students completed the adaptive readiness (interests and competence flexibility) and adaptability resources (Career Adapt-Ability Scale, CAAS) measures in their sophomore or junior year of study (Time 1), and the adapting responses (life-skills competencies) and adaptation results (presence of life purposes, career decision-making difficulties) measures at the end of their senior year (Time 2). Findings from SEMs suggested a good fit of the data with the career adaptability model. Interest and competence flexibility, adaptability resources from Time 1 contributed directly and indirectly to the prediction of life-skills competencies, the presence of life meaning, and decision-making preparedness in Time 2 as hypothesized. Interest and competence flexibility were instrumental in activating adaptability resources and maintaining movement through transitions, and the CAAS and life skill measures were mediating variables in the adaptability process. The SEM using the CAAS dimensions revealed that the concern and the confidence subscales were involved in the sequence of direct and indirect effects. Results demonstrated that the adaptability model could be used to understand the transition experience of high school students who were facing rapid social changes. Conceptual, practice, and research implications were discussed.

Early Academic Success in College: Examining the Contributions of Reading Literacy Skills, Metacognitive Reading Strategies, and Reading Motivation

ABSTRACT More knowledge is needed regarding the student factors that impact academic reading and success in college beyond traditional measures of college readiness. This study examined the contributions of student factors specified by the Proficient Academic Reader framework—reading literacy skills, metacognitive reading strategies, and reading motivation—to performance on a complex academic reading task and cumulative GPA across three semesters within the first two years of college. Hierarchical regression models were estimated using a sample of 166 students at a four-year public institution. Results indicated the importance of vocabulary, reading comprehension, and problem-solving reading strategies to academic reading performance and early college GPA. However, some of these effects diminished after controlling for students’ standardized test scores and high school GPA. The findings imply that institutions should implement sustained support for reading skills and strategies across disciplines.

38 Developmental Screening Using the Infant Toddler Checklist at 18 Months and School Readiness at 4 to 6 Years

Abstract Background The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends developmental screening at multiple visits using both a general developmental tool and an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-specific tool. The Canadian Paediatric Society recommends screening at a single visit at 18 months. There is no consensus on which tool is best suited for one-time screening. The Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) identifies children who are at risk for communication impairment, may detect ASD, and may be a useful screening tool at the 18-month visit. Objectives To examine the screening test accuracy of the ITC at the 18-month visit to predict school readiness at kindergarten age. Design/Methods This prospective cohort study included children who attended primary care health supervision visits in Toronto, Canada. Parents completed the ITC at the 18-month visit and teachers completed the Early Development Instrument (EDI - a population-level measure of school readiness in kindergarten) at 4-6 years. An ITC screen is positive if there is concern for expressive speech delay (speech composite below the 10th percentile) and/or other communication delay (social composite, symbolic composite or the total score below the 10th percentile). Children were considered overall vulnerable on the EDI if at least one of five domains was below the 10th percentile of the Ontario population: language and cognitive development; physical health and well-being; social competence; emotional maturity; communication skills and general knowledge. We calculated screening test properties with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using EDI vulnerability as the criterion measure. We used multivariable regression models to examine the association between the ITC and EDI domains. Results Of 293 children, 30 (10%) had a positive ITC. At follow-up, 54 (18%) children had a teacher-reported EDI vulnerability. The specificity (range, 87%-96%) and negative predictive value (range, 83%-95%) for the ITC were high; false positive rate was low (range, 4%-13%); sensitivity was low (range, 11%-37%). A positive ITC was associated with a lower score in EDI language and cognitive development (b= -0.62, 95% CI: -1.25, -0.18; P=0.046) and EDI communication skills and general knowledge (b= -1.08, 95% CI: -2.10, -0.17; P=0.036). We found no evidence of an association between ITC and EDI vulnerability. Conclusion The ITC at 18 months had high specificity (87%-96%) suggesting that most children with a negative ITC will demonstrate school readiness at 4-6 years. False positive rates were low, minimizing over-diagnosis. The ITC, with its focus on speech and language, communication disorders and ASD, may be a candidate for screening at the 18-month visit.

Working memory and school readiness in preschool children with sickle cell disease compared to demographically matched controls.

Children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of the development of neurobehavioural problems early in life. Specific impairments in executive function skills, including working memory, have been documented in school-aged children with SCD. These executive skills are known to strongly contribute to early academic skills and preparedness for entering kindergarten. This study examined working memory and school readiness in preschool children with SCD compared to a healthy control group matched for race, sex and parent education. A total of 84 patients diagnosed with SCD (61.9% haemoglobin [Hb]SS/HbSβ0 -thalassaemia) and 168 controls completed testing. The mean (SD) ages of patients and controls at testing were 4.53(0.38) and 4.44(0.65)years respectively. The SCD group performed worse than controls on measures of executive function, working memory and school readiness (p < 0.01; Cohen's D range: 0.32-0.39). Measures of working memory were associated with school readiness after accounting for early adaptive development. Multiple linear regression models among patients diagnosed with SCD revealed that college education of the primary caregiver was positively associated with school readiness (p < 0.001) after controlling for sex, genotype, age and early adaptive development. These results highlight the need to implement school readiness interventions in young children diagnosed with SCD emphasising executive function skills.

Care readiness and positive feelings of family caregivers of children with liver transplantation in China: A cross-sectional study

AimThis research aimed to explore the level of care readiness and positive feelings of family caregivers of children with liver transplantation, and predictive factors of care readiness were alsoinvestigated. BackgroundChildren with liver transplant require high level and extensive postoperative care. Family caregivers lack professional care knowledge and experience for surgical trauma, postoperative care, anti rejection drug guidance and so on. Good care readiness can not only promote family caregivers to improve their positive emotions and physical and mental health, but also play a positive role in the recovery of children's diseases. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the readiness of family caregivers. Design/MethodsA total of 107 family caregivers of children undergoing liver transplantation participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data, disease characteristics, and measures of care readiness and positive feelings were collected using questionnaires.The Care Preparedness Scale (CPS) was used to assess care readiness, and the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) was used to assess positive feelings of family caregivers of children with liver transplantation. This paper adhered to the STROBE guidelines. ResultsAccording to the statistical results, the total score of the CPS was 18.07 ± 5.51, and that of the PAC was 26.63 ± 4.05. There was a positive correlation between care readiness and positive feelings (r = 0.413, p < 0.05). Multiple linear step-wise regression analysis revealed that the total score of the PAC, undernourishment, caregiver education, relationship with children and care trainingresidence were the independent influencing factors of the readiness of caregivers (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe care readiness of the family caregivers of children with liver transplantation was at a medium level. Medical personnel can implement targeted health education and carry out personalized care skill training to improve the positive feelings of caregivers and then improve the readiness of caregivers.

Interprofessional survey on medication reconciliation activities in the US Department of Veterans’ Affairs: development and validation of an Implementation Readiness Questionnaire

BackgroundMedication reconciliation (MR) can detect medication history discrepancies at interfaces-in-care and help avoid downstream adverse drug events. However, organisations have struggled to implement high-quality MR programmes. The literature has identified...