Reader's Guide Research Articles

A Reader's Guide to Medical Education Systematic Reviews.

Systematic reviews are rigorous and complex. It is paramount that readers—consumers of systematic reviews as well as researchers—understand the steps necessary for high-quality systematic reviews. Here are brief summaries of key quality considerations for readers of medical education systematic reviews. For detailed research steps aimed at those performing systematic reviews, see our companion paper.1Did the researchers use resources such as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Statement2 or the STructured apprOach to the Reporting In healthcare education of Evidence Synthesis (STORIES) Statement?3 Both the PRISMA and STORIES statements act as guidelines for what is necessary to report in the manuscript.Systematic reviews are not solo endeavors.4,5 Team composition can vary but should include content experts, a librarian or information specialist, and, depending on the research question and nature of included studies, a statistician.5 Having multiple team members also helps to manage bias.6,7The research team should have a focused research question that is neither too broad nor too narrow. A question that is too broad can lead to retrieving far too many studies to review and failing to provide a focused overview for readers. A too narrow question may result in being unable to find any existing studies that meet the inclusion criteria.Register the protocol with a systematic review protocol registry such as PROSPERO. Researchers should register the protocol to promote transparency of the process and reduce duplication of efforts.8,9A systematic review search strategy is based on the review's focused research question and includes a variety of search terms synonyms (eg, faculty, educator, teacher) and, depending on the database, controlled vocabulary terms (eg, medical subject headings [MeSH]). The intention is to comprehensively identify all studies that possibly meet the inclusion criteria. Once the main search elements are defined, the search is conducted in a minimum of 3 databases.4 If conducting a review for medical education, databases such as ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) or PsycINFO may be searched.10 The authors may have also searched grey literature sources such as theses, dissertations, and conference abstracts to reduce publication bias: some studies are conducted but never published. The search strategy for each resource and the date it was searched should be documented.11 (Note that these details are expected by most journals, and the PRISMA reporting guidelines require authors to include the full search for at least one database.2)There should be 2 levels of screening: title/abstract and full text, both guided by the review's inclusion and exclusion criteria. In both screening levels, 2 reviewers should independently screen each result; this minimizes bias in the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. If the reviewers disagree, the conflict may be resolved by a third individual or by the 2 reviewers reaching consensus through discussion. While it is unnecessary for authors to report exclusion reasons when screening at the title/abstract level, it is necessary to report this information at the full-text level. This information is often presented as a PRISMA flow diagram2 using tracking software programs (eg, Covidence, Rayyan, DistillerSR).After completing the screening processes, the researchers will extract data from individual studies. To facilitate this process, authors should collaboratively draft and pilot a data extraction tool designed to capture all relevant data and extract it in a format that is conducive to analysis and synthesis. Data extraction should be conducted by 2 team members independently to assure reliability and reduce errors.Authors should critically appraise each study through a quality and risk of bias assessment, such as with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education (NOS-E) or the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI).12 Depending on the review's research question, the extracted data may be analyzed qualitatively or through a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of quantitative studies is possible only if the data from the individual studies is homogenous; if the data are too heterogeneous, as is often found in medical education, it is not possible to accurately perform a meta-analysis. In qualitative analyses, the data are analyzed, and themes are drawn out, synthesized, categorized, and presented.13Authors may reference the PRISMA2 or STORIES statements3 as their writing and reporting structure. Whether or not these guidelines are cited, the article should present the rationale, methods, and findings in a clear, ordered, succinct fashion and discuss the relevance to existing literature and to readers.

The Routledge Guidebook to Smith's Wealth of Nations

The Routledge Guidebook to Smith's <i>Wealth of Nations</i>

Articles That Use Artificial Intelligence for Ultrasound: A Reader's Guide.

Artificial intelligence (AI) transforms medical images into high-throughput mineable data. Machine learning algorithms, which can be designed for modeling for lesion detection, target segmentation, disease diagnosis, and prognosis prediction, have markedly promoted precision medicine for clinical decision support. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of articles, including articles on ultrasound with AI, published in only a few years. Given the unique properties of ultrasound that differentiate it from other imaging modalities, including real-time scanning, operator-dependence, and multi-modality, readers should pay additional attention to assessing studies that rely on ultrasound AI. This review offers the readers a targeted guide covering critical points that can be used to identify strong and underpowered ultrasound AI studies.

A Reader's Guide to Yeats's A Vision, by Neil Mann

A Reader's Guide to Yeats's A Vision, by Neil Mann

Shackle's Decision Order and Time: A Reader's Guide

There is something worthwhile in making Shackle's ideas more accessible by identifying the common structural elements shared by Shackle's theory of potential surprise and mainstream orthodox and behavioural decision theory, including prospect theory. To this end, it became clear to me that some sort of reader's guide would be very useful. As such, I have turned my notes on Shackle, which will form the foundation for more substantive work, into a general reader's guide for Shackle's Decision Order and Time in Human Affairs. A reader who picks up Shackle without much prior experience quickly finds himself in uncharted territory. While reading widely in the Austrian School and other more heterodox fields on inquiry within economics will certainly help, I wonder how well this allows the reader to connect what he finds with the mainstream. Making this connection is the purpose of this reader’s guide.

Thunder in the West: The Life and Legends of Billy the Kid by Richard W. Etulain

Reviewed by: Thunder in the West: The Life and Legends of Billy the Kid by Richard W. Etulain Bob Cavendish Thunder in the West: The Life and Legends of Billy the Kid. By Richard W. Etulain. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2020. Pp. 448. Illustrations, source essay, bibliography, index.) "Bifurcated," an adjective meaning "forked," is a word Richard Etulain repeats with annoying frequency in his study of Billy the Kid, the Old West juvenile delinquent who might really have been a misunderstood victim of a turbulent western imbroglio. Historical figures can be "bifurcated" or "multifaceted," and therein lies the dilemma: how to depict, meaningfully, complex people and perplexing events. Although the most valuable lesson historians impart is a balanced examination, Etulain argues that this has not been the case with Billy the Kid, also known as William Bonney, Henry McCarty, and Henry Antrim. Billy's image has evolved from that of a sensational dime-novel gunfighter to an unrepentant killer to a Robin Hood-like legend. It's more complicated than that, Etulain insists, and Billy deserves better treatment if the public is to understand the past better. Thunder in the West has two sections. Part one, "The Life," is a twelve-chapter biography of the Kid's brief life (he was four months shy of his twenty-first birthday when he died) that begins with "mysterious origins" and ends asking who and what Billy the Kid was. Along the way, Etulain integrates facets of New Mexico's territorial history and significant players in Billy's life, including Governor Lew Wallace, the Civil War general and author of Ben Hur, and the real John Chisum, who was awkwardly lionized in the John Wayne film Chisum. Part one leaves the reader sufficiently familiar with Billy the Kid, the geography across which he moved, and the national and local forces molding him. Part two, "The Legends," is a compelling examination of history, legend, and lore in four chapters of criticism and analysis of a broad historiography of Kid-related materials. Etulain traces the evolution of his notoriety beginning with an era (1880 to 1926) of popular dime novels [End Page 488] and loose fiction depicting the Old West. Writers' prejudices about Billy shaped his public image heavily through sensational and wildly inauthentic cheap thrillers. During the second period (1926 to 1960), Billy's image gained sympathy among some chroniclers whose depictions suggested an emerging, albeit tarnished, hero. By the third period (1960 to 1995), Billy's notoriety and his presence in western lore were ensconced, but the more sophisticated craft of history embraced wider narratives to explain the world west of the Mississippi River. During this time, only a Frederick Nolan overview of the Lincoln County War and a Robert Utley biography of Billy the Kid merit special attention from Etulain. In the fourth and last period (1995 to the present), the Kid had become "understandable, whole, and real" (354). Nevertheless, Etulain declares, there is much work still to be done. Telling the Kid's story has been an ongoing controversy for serious western historians such as Etulain. Recent projects, "long on intended revisionism of the Kid and his legend, were way short on their historical knowledge … and what had been written about him in the past half century" (344). In response to virulent critics of his 1930 movie Billy the Kid, film director King Vidor remarked, "I understand your feelings, but this is what the people want" (296). Where fiction and the historical record collide, Etulain clearly favors the record. Yet, he warns, scholarship must avoid "the blind eye and tin ear for … dramatic narrative" (332). It is a balance, fiction and history. As an introduction to Billy the Kid and New Mexico's Lincoln County War, Thunder in the West is solid, carefully researched, and well written. It also serves as a guide to areas for western historians' further research. Along with this book, Etulain's companion volume, Billy the Kid: A Reader's Guide (University of Oklahoma Press, 2020) offers a strong research base from which to expand. These are two fine volumes emanating from a distinguished western scholar. A bifurcated boost, one might say. Bob Cavendish Buda, Texas...

Підручник літератури для 5 класу Нової української школи: питання структури та змісту

The article actualizes the problem of updating the content of modern school literary education and preparation of innovative educational support for the literature course for grades 5-6, taking into account the requirements of the new State Standard of Basic Secondary Education and in the context of the New Ukrainian School. New model programs on Ukrainian literature and an integrated course of literatures (Ukrainian and foreign) for the adaptation cycle of study are presented. The model of new textbooks of Ukrainian literature and the integrated course of literatures (Ukrainian and foreign) for the 5th grade, prepared at the Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine according to the new programs, is characterized. The concept of textbooks of literature is presented, which is based on the ideas of personality-oriented and competence-based approaches, reader-centric and text-centric principles. The didactic and methodological potential of the content and structure of the new generation of literature textbooks for 5th grade in the context of modern educational tasks is revealed. The textbook material for multifaceted visualization of the content of the structural subheadings «Your Reader's Guide», «You already know», «You already know how», «Think», «Literary Clubs Club», «In the circle of arts», «Summarize», «Summarize» was presented. Reading leisure textbooks of Ukrainian literature and an integrated course of literature (Ukrainian and foreign) for the productive organization of reading activities of 5th grade students.

Philosopher of the Heart: The Restless Life of Søren Kierkegaard by Clare Carlisle

Reviewed by: Philosopher of the Heart: The Restless Life of Søren Kierkegaard by Clare Carlisle Ronald F. Marshall Philosopher of the Heart: The Restless Life of Søren Kierkegaard. By Clare Carlisle. London: Allen Lane, 2019. xvii + 339 pp. Clare Carlisle, author of Kierkegaard's Philosophy of Becoming (2006) and Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling: A Reader's Guide (2010), has written [End Page 226] a Kierkegaard biography which does not follow the standard wombto-tomb format. According to the renowned Wittgenstein biographer, Roy Monk, he had to read it twice before he could get it (NewStatesmanAmerica, March 27, 2019). Carlisle takes that risk because she wants to write a Kierkegaardian biography of Kierkegaard (xiii)—following his dictum (Journals, eds. Hongs §1030) that we live life forward but understand it backward (15, 20, 55, 151, 188). To capture this insight she has to jostle her timeline a bit. But that does not diminish the brilliance of her biography—seeing, as she does, that Kierkegaard's books throw "sparks into the dry pews of Christendom" (6). Nor does it keep her from dwelling on the women in Kierkegaard's life—more than other biographers have (putting the lie to Terry Eagleton's charge that Kierkegaard was "deeply misogynistic"—London Review of Books, August 1, 2019). The fact that Kierkegaard never mentions his mother in his writings does not mean, says Carlisle, that "he has forgotten her; it is the silence owed to something sacred, which held him long before he knew how to speak" (65, 72, 103). And on his onetime fiance, Regine Olsen, she calls her his "anchor in the world" (239, xii). Most of all she accentuates the two anonymous women's letters thanking him for his books—in which they found "the source of life which has not failed" them, keeping them from being lonely as long as they were in "the company" of them (228–30). But more than that, her biography is the first Lutheran one of Kierkegaard—arguing, as she does, that his "spiritual legacy is a miniature rendition of three centuries of Reformation history" (76). That builds on Thomas Cahill's claim that Luther, who was often misunderstood in his own time, "might have been better appreciated in the nineteenth century by Kierkegaard" (Heretics and Heroes, 2013, 173). Kierkegaard, after all, regarded him as his master (Journals §§2422, 2465). For Carlisle, Kierkegaard is the latterday Danish Luther, but with only one thesis, not ninety-five, namely, that there are no real Christians left because "a person's total transformation" has been excised from Christianity, leaving all putative Christians faithlessly attached to "family, possessions, and professional success" (241, 243). Kierkegaard saw in Luther that the Christian "must regard this life on earth as a pilgrim regards the land through which he makes his journey [End Page 227] [expecting] to become neither a citizen nor a mayor. Luther's words … consolidated Kierkegaard's view of his own position in the world" (216–17; LW 77:196-97, 202). In order to further our transformation into the likeness of Christ (2 Cor. 4:18), Kierkegaard believed he had to struggle mightily to lift up the forgotten or rejected "spiritual struggles of Luther, St. Augustine, [and] of Jesus himself" (14). He thought that their restless struggles needed to become ours (230), making us human in a less familiar way (xvii). In one extended footnote (267–68), Carlisle notes three passages from Luther on the Christian's need of restlessness (LW 25:263, 433, 460). But a short appendix or excursus on this might have served her better: "The Church has been put into the world so that it must constantly run the devil's gauntlet." "We have not yet come where we ought to be, but we are all on the road." "As long as we live here, it is all falling down and getting up again." "There remains in us an everlasting strife and resistance." "The whole of life is the year of probation." "Faith takes no holidays." "Put off and tear away any affection for this life." "A Christian … constantly strives and struggles with all his might." "The life of a saint is more … a...

The Lay Reader's Guide to Milton v. Cope : Trust, Debt, and Loss in Chancery

The Lay Reader's Guide to <i>Milton v. Cope</i> : Trust, Debt, and Loss in Chancery

The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide ed. by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond

Reviewed by: The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide ed. by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond Jason Fisher The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide, Revised and expanded edition, by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond. London: Harper-Collins, 2017. Volume I: Chronology. xix, 936 pp. £40.00 (hardcover) ISBN 9780008214517. Volume II: Reader's Guide, Part I: A–M. xxviii, 823 pp. £40.00 (hardcover) ISBN 9780008214524. Volume III: Reader's Guide, Part II: N–Z. 879 pp. £40.00 (hardcover) ISBN 9780008214531. Slip-cased three-volume set: £120.00 ISBN 9780008214548. Many early reviewers predicted the lasting value of Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond's J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide. We are now in a position to see that these prognostications were well founded. It is scarcely possible to overstate the impact this work has had in the decade since it first appeared. Along with Scull and Hammond's other books, the Companion and Guide has become an indispensable resource for, well, nearly anything to do with Tolkien, but especially for matters of biography and bibliography. It is among the first reference works many scholars consult, and it is often the only one required to settle a point of fact. Those of us conducting ongoing research into Tolkien's life and writings have learned to check "Scull and Hammond" (or as it is just as commonly known, "Hammond and Scull") before announcing a discovery; they had often already beaten us to it. Whenever something new or forgotten has appeared, Scull and Hammond have been dutifully incorporating additions, as well as corrections, into an online addenda and corrigenda for the past decade. So while scholars had learned immediately to check their Companion and Guide, we quickly realized it was just as important to check their website for updates to it. This online information was also valuable, sometimes essential, but while Scull and Hammond did their best to make it easy to use—arranging addenda and corrigenda both by date and by page number—it was sometimes a rather cumbersome process. It also presented certain challenges of citation, because the authors were essentially revising their book moment to moment, in the ether, as it were. The arrival of a revised and expanded edition incorporating all of these corrections and additions, along with much more, is therefore welcome indeed. The bulk of what reviewers have said about the first edition of the Companion and Guide applies equally to the revised edition (for example, see Garth and Oberhelman). I need dwell little on the praise [End Page 221] of the first edition nor on its overall structure and coverage, as the expanded edition still deserves the praise and, with a few exceptions, still follows the same arrangement. Many defects and oversights of the first edition have been corrected. For example, one of the biggest pain points in using the first edition of the Reader's Guide was that there were no running headwords identifying topics at the top of each page. Nor was there even a simple list of the topics anywhere in the volume, though the authors did publish a list on their website. Scull and Hammond always intended to include running headwords, but force majeure prevented them from adding these before publication (see Collier). A list of topics was deliberately omitted because the Reader's Guide had already reached the absolute maximum length allowed by the publisher. Both issues are understandable but made the volume much more difficult to use. Readers will be delighted to know that these omissions have been remedied in the new edition. The Chronology does not have running headwords (dates) in either the original or the revised edition, but they aren't necessary, as it is not really possible to get lost among the diaristic entries. I doubt very much there is a single page among the more than 900 in the Chronology without a date on it to orient oneself. Before you open a volume or read a single word, the most obvious aspect of the revised and expanded edition is that it consists of three volumes, not two as did the first edition. The contents have been expanded...

The Reader's Guide to Optimal Monetary Policy

This document serves as an update with discussion of the accompanying new interactive visualization and table tool. Recently, multiple economists have banded together to suggest to the Federal Reserve that the inflation target needs to be changed. The inflation target is the core through which monetary policy makers rationalize their decisions while following the dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability. Understanding the rationale for its level, 2%, and understanding the academic literature related to optimal inflation dynamics seems more important than ever before. This survey takes into account every optimal monetary policy paper made available to the public since the mid-1990s and provides a careful discussion on the most important costs and benefits of inflation.

A View from the Outside--An Appreciative Engagement with Grant Hardy's Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide

A View from the Outside--An Appreciative Engagement with Grant Hardy's Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide

The SAGE encyclopedia of stem cell research

Stem cells are the engine rooms of multi-cellular organisms. While fascinating in and of themselves, they are also clearly fuelling excitement and potential in traditional areas of developmental biology and in the field of regenerative medicine, where they are believed to hold much promise in addressing any number of intractable medical conditions. However, along with exciting breakthroughs, frustration and controversies swirl through this rapidly moving area of research. What does the average person make of all this, and how can an interested scholar probe the vast sea of new information? The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research, published in 2008, gave general readers a reference manual to gain a clear understanding of basic concepts in stem cell biology along with socio-political issues facing the field. Much has happened since the articles for the first edition were written in 2007, and to capture developments, the updated second edition will expand from two to three volumes and will present more than 470 articles (320 revised from the first edition, augmented by 150 entirely new) that explore major topics in ways accessible to non-scientists, thus bringing readers up-to-date with where stem cell biology stands today, including new and evolving ethical, religious, legal, social, and political perspectives. Key features include: * A Reader's Guide, Further Readings, Cross References, Resource Guide, Chronology and Index * A Glossary that will elucidate stem cell terminology for the non-scientist. * Appendices that include statistics and selected reprints of major journal articles that pertain to milestones achieved in stem cell research as well as documents from hearings and reports on stem cells and cloning, and more.

The SAGE encyclopedia of African cultural heritage in North America

The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America provides an accessible ready reference on the retention and continuity of African culture within the United States. Our conceptual framework holds, first, that culture is a form of self-knowledge and knowledge about self in the world as transmitted from one person to another. Second, that African people continuously create their own cultural history as they move through time and space. Third, that African descended people living outside of Africa are also contributors to and participate in the creation of African cultural history. Entries focus on illuminating Africanisms (cultural retentions traceable to an African origin) and cultural continuities (ongoing practices and processes through which African culture continues to be created and formed). Thus, the focus is more culturally specific and less concerned with the broader transatlantic demographic, political and geographic issues that are the focus of similar recent reference works. We also focus less on biographies of individuals and political and economic ties and more on processes and manifestations of African cultural heritage and continuity. Key features include: * A two-volume A-to-Z work, available in a choice of print or electronic formats *350 signed entries, each concluding with Cross-references and Further Readings *150 figures and photos * Front matter consisting of an Introduction and a Reader's Guide organizing entries thematically to more easily guide users to related entries * Back matter consisting of a comprehensive Annotated Bibliography and an appendix utilizing material from African Reflections on the American Landscape, a publication produced by the National Park Service * Signed articles concluding with cross-references

The SAGE encyclopedia of classroom management

A teacher's ability to manage the classroom strongly influences the quality of teaching and learning that can be accomplished. Among the most pressing concerns for inexperienced teachers is classroom management, a concern of equal importance to the general public in light of behaviour problems and breakdowns in discipline that grab newspaper headlines. But classroom management is not just about problems and what to do when things go wrong and chaos erupts. It's about how to run a classroom so as to elicit the best from even the most courteous group of students. An array of skills is needed to produce such a learning environment. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Classroom Management raises issues and introduces evidence-based, real-world strategies for creating and maintaining well-managed classrooms where learning thrives. Students studying to become teachers will need to develop their own classroom management strategies consistent with their own philosophies of teaching and learning. It is hoped that this work will help open their eyes to the range of issues and the array of skills they might integrate into their unique teaching styles. Key Features: *325 signed entries organized in A-to-Z fashion across two volumes *Reader's Guide grouping related entries thematically *References/Further Readings and Cross-References sections *Chronology in the back matter *Resource Guide in the appendix This Encyclopedia is an excellent scholarly source for students who are pursuing a degree or position in the field of education. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Classroom Management is an ideal source for all academic and public libraries.

The SAGE encyclopedia of educational technology

Leveraging the power of technology to support teaching and learning is certainly not new. But with more low-cost, easy-to-use, easily accessible devices and systems than ever before, we are at a critical inflection point where we must decide how technology powers and aids learning in the classroom. But is new technology the cure-all all? Some studies have shown students retain information better in traditional print formats. There's no question about the potential for new technologies to improve learning, but it's all in how it's approached, adapted, and used toward the service of achieving real gains in student performance. It's issues like this that are explored within the pages of this new Encyclopedia. To maximize shelf life, the editor and authors strove to focus on core topics and issues that will retain relevance in the face of perpetually evolving devices, services and specific techniques. Features include: *A collection of 300-350 entries that are organized in A-to-Z fashion in two volumes available in a choice of print or electronic formats. *Entries, authored by key figures in the field, conclude with cross references and further readings. *Although organized A-to-Z, a Reader's Guide groups related articles within broad, thematic areas. *A detailed Index, the Reader's Guide themes, and Cross References combine for search-and-browse in the electronic version.

The Social history of the American family: an encyclopedia

The American family has come a long way from the days of the idealized family portrayed in iconic television shows of the 1950s and 1960s. The four volumes of The Social History of the American Family explore the vital role of the family as the fundamental social unit across the span of American history. Experiences of family life shape so much of an individual's development and identity, yet the patterns of family structure, family life, and family transition vary across time, space, and socioeconomic contexts. Both the definition of who or what counts as family and representations of the ideal family have changed over time to reflect changing mores, changing living standards and lifestyles, and increased levels of social heterogeneity. Available in both digital and print formats, this carefully balanced academic work chronicles the social, cultural, economic, and political aspects of American families from the colonial period to the present. Key themes include families and culture (including mass media), families and religion, families and the economy, families and social issues, families and social stratification and conflict, family structures (including marriage and divorce, gender roles, parenting and children, and mixed and non-modal family forms), and family law and policy. Features: * Approximately 600 articles, richly illustrated with historical photographs and color photos in the digital edition, provide historical context for students. * A collection of primary source documents demonstrate themes across time. * The signed articles, with cross references and Further Readings, are accompanied by a Reader's Guide, Chronology of American Families, Resource Guide, Glossary, and thorough index.

The Portrayal of Children's Mental Health and Developmental Issues from 1890 to 1920 in Mass Print Magazines in North America

Children's mental health and development issues are considered a significant concern today. A century and more ago children's mental health and developmental disorders were likely understood differently. This paper examines the portrayal of children's mental health and developmental disorders in all 41 accessible articles on the topic indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature from 1890 to 1920. It focuses on these three decades as a time of fundamental economic, political and social transition before the first text in Child Psychiatry was published and the first professorship in the field established. It was also before the beginning of the influential child guidance movement. In particular, the research asks (i) what were the ‘disorders’ discussed and of what were they said to consist?, (ii) what was said to cause them? and (iii) what was thought best to be done about them?

The forbidden worlds of Haruki Murakami

Having established himself as an authority on the work of Haruki Murakami in Haruki Murakami's The Wind-up Bird Chronicle: A Reader's Guide (2002) and Dances with Sheep (2002), Matthew Strecher turns his attention in The Forbidden Worlds of Haruki Murakami (2014) to the metaphysical world which recurs in many of Murakami’s novels. Most commonly written by Murakami as “over there”, the metaphysical world is shown to represent the inner identity of his protagonists and is examined in a range of stories, including his newest novel at the time, Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage.

A Reader's Guide to Baloney Detection

A Reader's Guide to Baloney Detection