Readability Of Letters Research Articles

The Readability of Outpatient Plastic Surgery Clinic Letters: Are We Adhering to Plain English Writing Standards?

The readability of letters sent to patients plays a pivotal role in facilitating joint decision making and positive health outcomes. Guidance suggests that all correspondence should be directed to patients. Covid-19 led to an increase in direct-to-patient communication. This study aims to determine the quantity and quality of plastic surgery clinic letters sent to patients before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 127 pre-Covid clinic letters from November to December 2019 and 103 peri-Covid clinic letters from April to May 2020 were identified and assessed for readability. Text was analyzed using a standardized set of commonly used readability formulae, including SMOG, Flesch Reading Ease, and the Coleman-Liao Index. A total of 100 pre-Covid and 58 peri-Covid letters were suitable for inclusion. Median results for formulae that output a U.S. grade score ranged between 9 and 12.9 for letters written prior to Covid-19 and 9 and 13.2 for those written during Covid-19. Eight percent of letters were sent to patients pre-Covid, increasing to 28% during the pandemic. Letters sent to patients had a median grade score of between 8 and 12 prior to Covid-19 and 8 and 10.6 during Covid-19. Letters sent to clinicians ranged between 9 and 13 and 9 and 13.3, respectively. Outpatient plastic surgery letters are written at a readability level too high to facilitate understanding among the general population. The increase in direct-to-patient contact during the Covid-19 outbreak has not led to a significant improvement in the readability of clinic letters. The authors suggest an increase in letter standardization and raising awareness of readability when writing clinic letters.

Analisis Kaligrafi Kontemporer Dari Aspek Keterbacaan Huruf Dan Warna

This research was conducted because the research conducted found findings in contemporary calligraphy works in SMP Negeri 15 Integrated Islamic Binjai are some of the work of students who do not meet the right color mix, in the mix of readability of letters are still unreadable, excess in letters, and calligraphy works are still commonly found Error with letter update. This study discusses to discuss, study, discuss, analyze and analyze color selection and letter readability in contemporary calligraphic works by extracurricular students in Binjai Integrated Islamic Middle School 158 from 2018 to 2019. This study uses qualitative question and answer according to search. The subject of this research is the contemporary work of extracurricular students in terms of letters and color reading of 8 contemporary calligraphy works. The overall results in this study explain about contemporary calligraphy works that discuss the openness of letters and colors quite well. With an average value of 81.05 for letter readability and 80.42 for color.

Analysis of errors in letter acuity measurements

This study examined the possibility of increasing the precision of letter visual acuity measurements by investigating the basis for two methods of fractional grading of responses. The first method concerns the varying legibility/readability of letters and the second is concerned with the recognition of two classes of errors, those that are completely wrong (for example, O for H) and those that are partially wrong, because they are reasonable substitutes for the correct letter when the incorrect response has significant shape features in common with the correct letter (for example, N for H). Errors made when visual acuity is measured were analysed for two samples of 200 subjects, each group viewing a different version of the Bailey-Lovie letter chart. Varying legibility and readability for the 10 letters used to construct these charts have been demonstrated, the most common errors occurring for F, H, and V, and the least common errors occurring for U and Z. Chi-square tests indicated that incorrect letter responses are not randomly distributed (p < 0.001) for all chart letters. The most common reasonable substitutes found were P for F, Yfor V, F for P, H for N, N for H, O for D, B and R for E and P for R. The conclusion is drawn that the potential for finer scaling of letter acuity measurements that accounts for varying legibility and readability of letters and discriminates between completely wrong responses and partially correct responses (reasonable substitutions) has been demonstrated. We propose that the weighting of responses according to these mechanisms for finer scaling may increase the precision of letter chart measurement of visual acuity as an aid to scientific investigation as well as to the monitoring of visual function in clinical practice. The use of a detailed weighting system would be facilitated by computer assisted calculations and will be the subject of a future report.