Reactive Oxygen Metabolites Research Articles

Oxytocin prevents dysregulation of the acute stress response and glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress in chronically isolated prairie voles

Chronic social isolation can lead to dysregulation of many physiological and psychological processes, including the ability to respond to acute stressors. Previous work in our lab reported that six weeks of social isolation in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) caused increased glucocorticoid levels, oxidative damage, telomere degradation and anhedonia, and that oxytocin treatment prevented all of these changes. Following these results, we investigated how chronic social isolation with and without oxytocin treatment affected glucocorticoid (CORT) and oxidative stress responses to an acute stressor, a 5-min resident-intruder (R-I) test at the end of the social isolation period. To investigate the effect of a brief acute stressor on CORT and oxidative stress, baseline blood samples were collected following six weeks of social isolation, 24-hrs before the R-I test. Two more blood samples were collected 15-min after the end of the R-I test, and again 25-min later to measure peak and recovery responses, respectively. Isolated animals had higher baseline, peak, recovery, and integrated levels of CORT and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs, a measure of oxidative stress), compared to animals that did not experience isolation. Importantly, oxytocin treatment throughout the isolation period prevented these elevations in CORT and ROMs. No significant changes were observed in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Levels of CORT and ROMs at the peak and recovery time points were positively correlated. These data show that acute stress in chronically isolated prairie voles, then, is associated with increased glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress (GiOS), and that oxytocin mitigates isolation-induced dysregulation of glucocorticoid and oxidative stress acute stress responses.

Influence of body lesion severity on oxidative status and gut microbiota of weaned pigs

Body lesions in pigs are a common welfare concern, particularly during the weaning period. These lesions can lead to pain, infection, and impaired mobility, resulting in reduced growth performance and increased mortality. Moreover, weaning stress can affect gut microbiota, immune response and increase the oxidative stress of piglets during this transition period. It has been hypothesised that social stress and body lesions could contribute to affect the gut microbiota, physiological and immune response of piglets. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the body lesions due to social stress on microbial profile, immune response, and oxidative status of weaned piglets. Lesion score (LS) on skin, tail, ear, neck, middle trunk, and hind quarters was measured 1 week (28 days of age, T1) and 7 weeks postweaning (T2) on 45 tail-docked pigs according to the method suggested from the Walfer Quality® (2009) on a scale from 0 to 2. Based on the LS, at T1, piglets were classified as High LS (n = 16), when LS was >1 in at least two of the areas considered, or Low LS (n = 29). At T2, based on the same scoring system and to the LS observed at T1, piglets were divided into four groups: High to Low LS (H-L, n = 11), High to High LS (H-H, n = 5), Low to Low LS (L-L, n = 21) and Low to High LS (L-H, n = 8). Blood and faecal samples were collected at T1 and T2. At T1, pigs with a high LS had a lower biological antioxidant potential compared with the L group (P < 0.02). At T2, the L-H group had a lower Reactive Oxygen Metabolites concentration compared with the H-H group (P = 0.03) while the L-L group had a lower concentration of Immunoglobulin A compared with H-H and L-H groups (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). At T1, piglets with high LS had a different microbiota compared to piglets with low LS (R2 = 0.04, P < 0.01). Low LS pigs were characterised by a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Blautia, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Faecalibacterium, Megasphaera, Subdoligranulum (P.adj < 0.05), while pigs with high LS were characterised by higher abundance of Bacteroidota, Rikenellaceae RC9, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, uncultured-Lachnospiraceae and uncultured-Oscillospiraceae (P.adj < 0.05). At T2, the H-H group were characterised by Oscillospirales-UCG-010, H-L by Agatobachter and L-L by Alloprevotella (P.adj < 0.05). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between body lesions, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota in weaned pigs.

Lipid metabolites, interleukin-6 and oxidative stress markers in follicular fluid and their association with serum concentrations in mares.

The application of trans-vaginal ovum pick up (OPU) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is well established for commercial in vitro embryo production in horses. These assisted reproductive techniques are especially applied during the non-breeding season of the mare. However, little is known about how the health of the oocyte donor may affect the biochemical composition of the follicular fluid (FF) in small and medium-sized follicles routinely aspirated during OPU. This study aimed to investigate associations between systemic and FF concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and oxidative stress index (OSI) during the non-breeding season in mares. At the slaughterhouse, serum and FF of small (5-10mm in diameter), medium (> 10-20mm in diameter), and large (> 20-30mm in diameter) follicles were sampled from 12 healthy mares. There was a strong positive association (P < 0.01) between the concentration of IL-6 in serum and those measured in small (r = 0.846), medium (r = 0.999), and large (r = 0.996) follicles. Serum concentrations of NEFA were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with those measured in small (r = 0.726), medium (r = 0.720), and large (r = 0.974) follicles. Values of total cholesterol and OSI in serum and medium follicles were significantly associated (r = 0.736 and r = 0.696, respectively). The serum concentrations of all lipid metabolites were markedly higher than those measured in FF of small- and medium-sized follicles. Values of IL-6 and OSI did not change significantly between serum and all follicle classes (P ≥ 0.05). To conclude, changes in the blood composition associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and disturbed lipid metabolism of mares may lead to an inadequate oocyte microenvironment, which could affect oocyte quality and the success rate of OPU/ICSI programs. Further research should indicate whether these changes may ultimately affect in vitro oocyte developmental capacity and subsequent embryo quality.

Beneficial Effects of Ginkgoselect™ Phytosome™ on Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Mild-Moderate Dementia

In this study, we investigated for the first time the effects of a standardized extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves formulated with phospholipids Ginkgoselect™ Phytosome™, GBP) in combination with Standard Management (SM) in mild-moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), focusing on the modulation of subject’s cognitive ability and oxidative status. Participants with cognitive impairment freely decided to continue their SM protocol (donepezil 10 mg/day, rivastigmine 4.6 mg/day in patch and memantine 20 mg/day; n=37), or to receive GBP tablets 120 or 240 mg/day in combination with SM (n=43). Subjects were assessed at baseline and after 6 months for cognitive functions and exclusive mental abilities through specific neuropsychological tests, namely the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We also evaluated the oxidative status through the determination of plasmatic derived reactive oxygen metabolites and anti-oxidant reserve through Plasma Antioxidant Test. After 6 months of supplementation with GBP to SM, subjects reported a significantly higher improvement in cognitive and neuropsychological functions, compared to those receiving only SM. Moreover, participants in the GBP with SM group reported a more remarkable decrease in oxidative load and an increase in the concentration of antioxidant molecules compared to the control group. Supplementation with GBP to SM demonstrates a positive effect in subjects with AD, helping them maintain or even increase their cognitive abilities, and improving their oxidative status both by reducing oxidative damage and by increasing the antioxidant reserve.

Metabolic and inflammatory responses reveal different adaptation to the transition period challenges in Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Simmental dairy cows

Twelve Holstein (HOL), 9 Brown Swiss (BRO), and 9 Simmental (SIM) dairy cows raised in the same barn and managed identically were enrolled to characterise the responses to the transition period. From −21 to 28 d from calving (DFC), body condition score (BCS) and milk yield were measured, and blood samples were collected to assess plasma biomarkers of metabolism, minerals, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative status. Compared with SIM, HOL and BRO had higher milk yield during the first week of lactation. HOL had the highest milk yield from the second to the fourth week and the lowest BCS at 28 DFC. SIM had the highest BCS and the highest plasma creatinine and P, reflecting a greater attitude to gain muscle mass. Compared with SIM, BRO and HOL had lower plasma fructosamine, indicating reduced glucose availability driven by lactose synthesis. SIM had the mildest acute phase response at the onset of lactation, as suggested by the lowest ceruloplasmin concentration. HOL had the highest cholesterol and paraoxonase concentrations, and the greatest interleukin-1β production by leukocytes following ex-vivo stimulation, suggesting that they had the quickest resolution of the acute phase response due to the fastest immune cell activation. BRO had the highest concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites, ceruloplasmin, bilirubin, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the lowest concentration of paraoxonase, reflecting the strongest activation of leukocytes and the most severe acute phase response. Together, these results highlight different metabolic and inflammatory conditions around calving in the three explored breeds. HIGHLIGHTS Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Simmental are dairy breeds selected for different purposes. These three breeds have different productivity, and metabolic and inflammatory responses during the transition period. Understanding the differences among breeds might improve their management, nutrition, and productivity in commercial dairy farms.

Prediction of detailed blood metabolic profile using milk infrared spectra and machine learning methods in dairy cattle

The adoption of preventive management decisions is crucial to dealing with metabolic impairments in dairy cattle. Various serum metabolites are known to be useful indicators of the health status of cows. In this study, we used milk Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectra and various machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop prediction equations for a panel of 29 blood metabolites, including those related to energy metabolism, liver function/hepatic damage, oxidative stress, inflammation/innate immunity, and minerals. For most traits, the data set comprised observations from 1,204 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows belonging to 5 herds. An exception was represented by β-hydroxybutyrate prediction, which contained observations from 2,701 multibreed cows pertaining to 33 herds. The best predictive model was developed using an automatic ML algorithm that tested various methods, including elastic net, distributed random forest, gradient boosting machine, artificial neural network, and stacking ensemble. These ML predictions were compared with partial least squares regression, the most commonly used method for FTIR prediction of blood traits. Performance of each model was evaluated using 2 cross-validation (CV) scenarios: 5-fold random (CVr) and herd-out (CVh). We also tested the best model's ability to classify values precisely in the 2 extreme tails, namely, the 25th (Q25) and 75th (Q75) percentiles (true-positive prediction scenario). Compared with partial least squares regression, ML algorithms achieved more accurate performance. Specifically, elastic net increased the R2 value from 5% to 75% for CVr and 2% to 139% for CVh, whereas the stacking ensemble increased the R2 value from 4% to 70% for CVr and 4% to 150% for CVh. Considering the best model, with the CVr scenario, good prediction accuracies were obtained for glucose (R2 = 0.81), urea (R2 = 0.73), albumin (R2 = 0.75), total reactive oxygen metabolites (R2 = 0.79), total thiol groups (R2 = 0.76), ceruloplasmin (R2 = 0.74), total proteins (R2 = 0.81), globulins (R2 = 0.87), and Na (R2 = 0.72). Good prediction accuracy in classifying extreme values was achieved for glucose (Q25 = 70.8%, Q75 = 69.9%), albumin (Q25 = 72.3%), total reactive oxygen metabolites (Q25 = 75.1%, Q75 = 74%), thiol groups (Q75 = 70.4%), total proteins (Q25 = 72.4%, Q75 = 77.2.%), globulins (Q25 = 74.8%, Q75 = 81.5%), and haptoglobin (Q75 = 74.4%). In conclusion, our study shows that FTIR spectra can be used to predict blood metabolites with relatively good accuracy, depending on trait, and are a promising tool for large-scale monitoring.

Maternal treatment with pegbovigrastim influences growth performance and immune-metabolic status of calves during the pre-weaning period

This study aimed to investigate the immune-metabolic status and growth performance of Simmental calves born from cows subjected to pegbovigrastim administration 7 days before calving. Eight calves born from cows subjected to pegbovigrastim administration (PEG group) and 9 calves born from untreated cows (CTR group) were used. Growth measurements and blood samples were collected from birth to 60 d of age. The PEG group had lower body weight from 28 up to 60 d of age (P < 0.01), lower heart girth (P < 0.05), lower weekly and total average daily gain values (P < 0.05) than the CTR group throughout the monitoring period. A decrease in milk replacer (MR) intake was observed in the PEG group compared with the CTR group around 20–28 d of age (P < 0.01). The PEG group had lower values of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) at d 1 of age (P < 0.05), Zn at 21 and 28 d of age (P < 0.05), hemoglobin, MCH and MCHC at 54 and 60 d of age (P < 0.01), and higher urea concentration at 21 and 28 d of age (P < 0.05) compared with the CTR group. Lower values of retinol (P < 0.05), tocopherol (P < 0.01), mean myeloperoxidase index (P < 0.05) and higher total reactive oxygen metabolites (P < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase (P < 0.05) were also detected in the PEG group. In light of the results gathered in the current study, it can be speculated that activation of the cow's immune system by pegbovigrastim could have influenced the immune competence, growth performance as well as the balance between oxidant and antioxidant indices of the newborn calf.

Study on oxidative stress and inflammatory/antioxidant substance levels in autism spectrum disorder.

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes oxidative stress and brain inflammation. We investigated the relationship among oxidative stress markers, in vivo inflammatory substances, and antioxidants that can be easily measured in the clinic and compared them between children with ASD and those with typical development (TD). Sixty-one children with TD and 199 with untreated ASD were investigated. They were Japanese children aged 2-15 years and were divided into those aged <7 and ≥7 years. Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), prolactin (PRL), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T-Bil), and uric acid (UA) were measured. These measurements were compared between TD and ASD, and the relationship between oxidative stress and relevant laboratory parameters was analyzed. The hsCRP and PRL levels were significantly higher in patients with ASD than in those with TD. Among those aged <7 years, hsCRP and PRL were significantly higher in those with ASD than in those with TD. Among those aged ≥7 years, ROMs, hsCRP, and PRL were significantly higher in those with ASD than in those with TD. In ASD, ROMs were significantly correlated with hsCRP, Alb, T-Bil, and PRL. In contrast, no significant correlations were found in the TD group except for the relationship between ROMs and hsCRP in those aged <7 years. The results suggest that serum levels of in vivo inflammatory substances, stress-related substances, and antioxidants are altered in ASD under oxidative stress.

Ceruloplasmin Interferes with the Assessment of Blood Lipid Hydroperoxide Content in Small Ruminants.

Simple and inexpensive analytical methods for assessing redox balance in biological matrixes are widely used in animal and human diagnostics. Two of them, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and total oxidant status (TOS), evaluate the lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) content of the sample and are based on iron-mediated mechanisms. However, these tests provide uncorrelated results. In this study, we compared these two tests in the blood serum of goat kids and lambs, together with an evaluation of ceruloplasmin (CP) oxidase activity. No significant correlation was found between ROMs and TOS, or between TOS and CP oxidase activity, in either species. Conversely, ROMs and CP oxidase activity were highly correlated in both kid and lamb samples (p < 0.001). A significant progressive reduction in the analytical signal in the ROMs assay was observed when sodium azide, an effective CP inhibitor, was added to the samples before the assay (p < 0.001). This decrease was related to sodium azide concentration (p < 0.01) and was not found when sodium azide was added at the same concentrations in the TOS assay. These findings suggest that ROMs, unlike TOS, may be affected by CP, which interferes with LOOH detection in blood samples.

Risk factors for pre-clinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

AimsTo assess whether, besides “traditional” risk factors, overall oxidative stress, oxidized lipoproteins, and glycemic variability are associated with early macro-vascular damage in type 1 diabetes (T1D). MethodsIn 267 children/adolescents with T1D (130 girls, age 9.1–23.0 years) we evaluated: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites [d-ROMs], serum total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and oxidized LDL-cholesterol [oxLDL]; markers of early vascular damage (Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [Lp-PLA2], z-score of carotid intima-media thickness [z-cIMT] and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity [z-PWV]); CGM metrics of four weeks preceding the visit, central systolic/diastolic blood pressures (cSBP/cDBP), and HbA1c, z-score of BP (z-SBP/z-DBP) and circulating lipids longitudinally collected since T1D onset.. Three general linear models were built with z-cIMT, z-PWV adjusted for current cDBP, and Lp-PLA2 as independent variables. ResultsThe z-cIMT was associated with male gender (B = 0.491, η2 = 0.029, p = 0.005), cSBP (B = 0.023, η2 = 0.026, p = 0.008) and oxLDL (B = 0.022, η2 = 0.022, p = 0.014). The z-PWV was associated with diabetes duration (B = 0.054, η2 = 0.024, p = 0.016), daily insulin dose (B = 0.52, η2 = 0.018, p = 0.045), longitudinal z-SBP (B = 0.18, η2 = 0.018, p = 0.045) and dROMs (B = 0.003, η2 = 0.037, p = 0.004). Lp-PLA2 was associated with age (B = 0.221, η2 = 0.079, p = 3*10−6), oxLDL (B = 0.081, η2 = 0.050, p = 2*10−4), longitudinal LDL-cholesterol (B = 0.031, η2 = 0.043, p = 0.001) and male gender (B = -1.62, η2 = 0.10, p = 1.3*107). ConclusionsOxidative stress, male gender, insulin dose, diabetes duration and longitudinal lipids and blood pressure, contributed to the variance of early vascular damage in young patients with T1D.

Antioxidant-Based Preventive Effect of Phytochemicals on Anticancer Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

Significance: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or hepatotoxicity has been a hot issue to overcome on the safety and physiological function of the liver, since it is known to have biochemical, cellular, immunological, and molecular alterations in the liver mainly induced by alcohol, chemicals, drugs, heavy metals, and genetic factors. Recently efficient therapeutic and preventive strategies by some phytochemicals are of interest, targeting oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity alone or in combination with anticancer drugs. Recent Advances: To assess DILI, the variety of in vitro and in vivo animal models has been developed mainly by using carbon tetrachloride, d-galactosamine, acetaminophen, and lipopolysaccharide. Also, the mechanisms on hepatotoxicity by several drugs and herbs have been explored in detail. Recent studies reveal that antioxidants including vitamins and some phytochemicals were reported to prevent against DILI. Critical Issues: Antioxidant therapy with some phytochemicals is noteworthy, since oxidative stress is critically involved in DILI via production of chemically reactive oxygen species or metabolites, impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain, and induction of redox cycling. Future Directions: For efficient antioxidant therapy, DILI susceptibility, Human Leukocyte Antigen genetic factors, biomarkers, and pathogenesis implicated in hepatotoxicity should be further explored in association with oxidative stress-mediated signaling, while more randomized preclinical and clinical trials are required with optimal safe doses of drugs and/or phytochemicals alone or in combination for efficient clinical practice along with the development of advanced DILI diagnostic tools. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 1101-1121.

Effect of Supplementation of Lambs with Whole Cottonseed: Impact on Serum Biomarkers and Infection by Gastrointestinal Parasites under Field Conditions.

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemical analytes in crossbred lambs during the rearing phase in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) to control gastrointestinal parasites. The experiment used 36 crossbred lambs (cross: Ile de France × White Dorper × Texel) divided into two groups. The WCS group was supplemented with whole cottonseed (WCS), and controls had no supplementation. Body weight, blood collection, and fecal analysis of nematode eggs and Eimeria oocysts counting per gram of feces were performed for each animal within 84 days of experiment. The following serum analytes were determined: total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, haptoglobin, and 10 oxidative stress biomarkers: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing ability of plasma, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, thiol, uric acid, paraoxonase-1, total oxidant status, ferric-xylenol orange, advanced oxidation protein products, and reactive oxygen metabolites derived compounds. The inclusion of WCS suggested the benefit in controlling infection as well as inducing an increase in antioxidants and a decrease in oxidants in lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites. The combination of WCS and ICLS could be a useful tool in controlling gastrointestinal parasite infection without affecting the production performance.

Effects of Transport and Feeding Strategies Before Transportation on Redox Homeostasis and Gastric Ulceration in Horses

Transportation may lead to oxidative stress (OS) and gastric ulceration in horses, and optimal feed management before, or during, transportation is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transportation after three different feeding strategies on OS and to explore possible associations between OS and equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Twenty-six mares were transported by truck for 12 hours without food or water. Horses were randomly divided into 3 groups; (1) fed 1 hour before departure (BD), (2) fed 6 hours BD, (3) fed 12 hours BD. Clinical examinations and blood collections were performed at approximately 4 hours BD (T0), at unloading (T1), 8 hours (T2) and 60 hours (T3) after unloading. Gastroscopy was conducted prior to departure, and at T1 and T3. Although OS parameters remained in the normal range, transportation was associated with increased reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMS) at unloading (P=0.004), with differences between horses fed 1 hour and 12 hours BD (P < .05). The level of total antioxidant (PTAS) was affected by both transportation and feeding strategy (P = 0.019), with horses fed 1 hour BD demonstrating greater PTAS at T = 0, and a different response in comparison with the other groups and the literature. Nine horses demonstrated clinically significant ulceration of the squamous mucosa at T1 but, although weak correlations were evident between OS parameters and ulcer scores, univariate logistic regression showed no associations. This study suggests that feed management prior to a long journey (12 hours) may affect oxidative balance. Further studies are needed to understand the nexus between feed management before and during transport, transport-related OS and EGUS.

Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure Enhances Peripheral Circulatory Natural Killer Cells in Healthy Young Women

Mild hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) enhances oxygen absorption in blood, relieving fatigue without causing oxidative stress. The benefits of mild HBO have been recognized in the treatment of lifestyle-related diseases and hypertension, but no research has been conducted on its effects on immunity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of mild HBO on natural killer (NK) cells and cytokines in healthy young women. This crossover randomized control trial was conducted with 16 healthy young women. Participants were randomly exposed to normobaric oxygen (NBO; 1.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA), 20.8% oxygen) and mild HBO conditions (1.4 ATA, 35-40% oxygen, injected 18L oxygen per minute) in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for 70 min. Heart rate, parasympathetic activity, NK cell count, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p70 and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) were measured before and after both exposures. In the NBO condition, parasympathetic activity remained unchanged, whereas after mild HBO exposure, parasympathetic activity was significantly increased. NK cells remained unchanged after NBO exposure, while NK cells were increased after exposure to mild HBO. Exposure to mild HBO did not increase d-ROM values, IL-6 and IL-12p70 protein levels. These findings suggest that exposure to mild HBO can be a useful protocol to increase NK cells by regulating parasympathetic activity via increasing oxygen delivery.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition and the Derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites &amp; Biological Antioxidant Potential

OBJECTIVES This study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise at different intensities on body composition and the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites &amp; biological antioxidant potential.METHODS The recruited subjects of thirty young men without any medical problems were divided into LEAI(light-exercise aerobic intensity, n=10), MEAI(moderate-exercise aerobic intensity, n=10), and VEAI(vigorous-exercise aerobic intensity, n=10). The variables were measured to the body compositions (%body fat, BMI &amp; WHR) and the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites &amp; biological antioxidant potential) on pre-and post-exercise protocol programs for 8 weeks. The collected blood samples from a fingertip were analyzed with FRAS evolve, H &amp; D co., Italy. Statistical analysis used the two-way repeatedmeasures ANOVA and Tukey’s test for post-hoc analysis and test of homogeneity with Levene’s F value.RESULTS The results are as follows; In body compositions, %body fat was shown a significant difference between pre-and post-exercise in the VIAE group and a significant difference between LIAE &amp; VIEA and MIEA group in post-exercise. WHR(waist to hip ratio) was shown a significant difference between LIAE &amp; VIEA and MIEA group in post-exercise. The oxidative stress, d-ROM(derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) was not shown a difference significantly, and BAP(Biological Antioxidant Potential) significant difference between pre-and post-exercise in LIEA &amp; VIEA groups.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it increased oxidative stress parameters, the derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites, and Biological Antioxidant Potential in each group after 8 weeks of exercise. The antioxidant defense system was revealed to ensure biological safety in regular exercise situations.

Impact of Menopause and the Menstrual Cycle on Oxidative Stress in Japanese Women.

Although estrogen possesses both pro- and anti-oxidant properties, its overall role in oxidative stress among women remains unclear, particularly since the influence of exogenously administered estrogen during previous studies differed by dose, administration route, and estrogen type. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of endogenous estrogen on oxidative stress in women. Thus, we performed a non-interventional observational study of healthy postmenopausal (n = 71) and premenopausal (n = 72) female volunteers. Serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs, which are collectively a marker of oxidative stress), as well as the biological antioxidant potential (BAP, an indicator of antioxidant capacity), were compared between (1) pre- versus post-menopausal women, and (2) premenopausal women in early follicular versus mid-luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. We found that serum d-ROMs and BAP values in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those in premenopausal women. Moreover, the d-ROM levels were significantly correlated with serum copper concentrations. However, neither d-ROMs nor BAP values were significantly affected by the menstrual cycle phase, although changes in d-ROMs between the follicular and luteal phases were significantly correlated with copper concentration shifts. These data indicate that postmenopausal hypoestrogenism is associated with elevated oxidative stress, although regular fluctuations of estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle do not influence oxidative stress.

The Emerging Role of Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Prognostic Markers of Periodontitis: New Insights for a Personalized Approach in Dentistry

Periodontitis is a multifactorial and infective oral disease that leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues and tooth loss. Although the treatment of periodontitis has improved recently, the effective treatment of periodontitis and the periodontitis-affected periodontal tissues is still a challenge. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies for a personalized approach is urgent. For this reason, the aim of this study is to summarize recent advances and the potential of oxidative stress biomarkers in the early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approaches in periodontitis. Recently, ROS metabolisms (ROMs) have been studied in the physiopathology of periodontitis. Different studies show that ROS plays a crucial role in periodontitis. In this regard, the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) started to be searched for the measures of the oxidizing capacity of the plasma understood as the total content of oxygen free radicals (ROS). The oxidizing capacity of plasma is a significant indicator of the body's oxidant state as well as homocysteine (Hcy), sulfur amino acid, which has pro-oxidant effects as it favors the production of superoxide anion. More specifically, the thioredoxin (TRX) and peroxiredoxin (PRX) systems control reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydroxyl species, to transduce redox signals and change the activities of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), among other antioxidant enzymes, change their activity when ROS are produced in order to neutralize free radicals. The TRX system is triggered and transduces redox signals to do this.

Perilla seed oil improves bone health by inhibiting bone resorption in healthy Japanese adults: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linoleic acid (LNA), on human bone have not yet been elucidated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of long-term PO intake on bone health in Japanese adults. After screening for eligibility, 52 participants (mean age 54.2 ± 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n=25) and PO (n=27) groups, which received 7.0 ml of olive oil and PO daily, respectively. At baseline and 12-month, quantitative ultrasound of the right calcaneus was measured with an ultrasound bone densitometer and percentage of the Young Adult Mean (%YAM) was calculated. Serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were evaluated. In addition, PUFA levels in the erythrocyte plasma membrane (RBC-PM), serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, %YAM levels increased and serum TRACP-5b levels decreased significantly in the PO group at 12-month, while serum BALP levels remained unchanged. Moreover, RBC-PM LNA levels and BAP/d-ROM ratios increased significantly in the PO compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that long-term PO intake may improve age-related BMD decline by suppressing bone resorption and increasing LNA levels.

Insight into the long-term impact of birth weight on intestinal development, microbial settlement, and the metabolism of weaned piglets.

Infant mortality of low birth body weight (LBBW) piglets can reach 10% and is mainly due to gut and immune system immaturity which can lead to a higher risk in the long term. This study aimed to assess the impact of birth body weight (BBW) on piglet metabolism, gut status, and microbial profile from weaning to 21 d postweaning. At birth, 32 piglets were selected for their BBW and inserted into the normal BBW (NBBW:1.38 ± 0.09 g) or the LBBW (0.92 ± 0.07 g) group. The piglets were weighed weekly from weaning (d0) to d21. At d9 and d21, 8 piglets/group were slaughtered to obtain the distal jejunum for morphology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis, colon content for microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis, and intestinal content for pH measurement. Blood was collected for metabolomic, haptoglobin (Hp), and reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) analysis. The LBBW group had a lower body weight (BW) throughout the study (P < 0.01), a lower average daily gain from d9-d21 (P = 0.002), and lower feed intake (P = 0.02). The LBBW piglets had lower Hp at d9 (P = 0.03), higher ROMs at d21 (P = 0.06), and a net alteration of the amino acid (AA) metabolism at d9 and d21. A higher expression of NFKB2 was observed in the LBBW piglets at d9 (P = 0.003) and d21 (P < 0.001). MYD88 expression was enhanced in NBBW piglets at d9 (P < 0.001). The LBBW piglets had a lower villus height, absorptive mucosal surface (P = 0.01), and villus height:crypt depth ratio (P = 0.02), and a greater number of T-lymphocytes in both the epithelium and the crypts (P < 0.001) at d21. At d21, the LBBW piglets had higher lactic acid, acetate, butyrate, and valerate, and also higher SCFA in the colon (P < 0.05). The LBBW piglets had a higher Shannon index (P = 0.01) at d9 and a higher abundance of SCFA-fermenting bacteria. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that LBBW could impact the gut mucosal structure, immunity, and inflammatory and oxidative status, leading to an altered AA metabolism, and delaying the recovery from weaning.

PS-C26-11: THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ADDING THIAZIDE DIURETIC OR MINERAL CORTICOID RECEPTOR BLOCKER IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS GIVEN ARB AND CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER

We compared the addition of a thiazide diuretic (TZD) and a mineral corticoid receptor blocker (MRB) to in 13 hypertensive patients who did not achieve the target blood pressure level with the combination of an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and a calcium channel blocker (CCB). A randomized crossover study was performed giving 1–2 mg trichlormethiazide (TCM) or 1.25–2.5 mg esaxerenone (ESX) in addition to ARB and CCB combination for 12–16 weeks each. The office blood pressure was comparable between the high-dose TCM period (131/73 mmHg) and the ESX period (129/72 mmHg). The morning and the evening home blood pressures were also comparable in the TCM and the ESX periods. As for the laboratory data, serum Na (-1.2 mEq/L, p = 0.013) was significantly decreased and uric acid (+1.1 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001) was increased by TCM, while serum K was slightly increased by ESX (+0.2 mEq/L, p = 0.042). The estimated GFR was significantly reduced both by TCM and ESX (66 and 67 vs 72 mL/min/1.73m2, p = 0.023 and 0.047), however, ESX but not TCM significantly reduced the urinary excretions of albumin (81 vs 148 mg/gCreatinine, p = 0.035) and liver-type fatty acid binding protein. Reductions in plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were significant in the TCM and the ESX periods, respectively. Circulating markers of oxidative stress such as oxidized LDL and reactive oxygen metabolites were not affected by either TCM or ESX. In the combination drug therapy of hypertension, ESX, as a MRB, has a hypotensive effects comparable to TZD and may have advantage over in protecting kidney without raising uric acid although care should be taken for the increase in serum K.