Reactive Fluid Research Articles

Heat and mass transfer analysis of chemically reactive tangent hyperbolic fluid in a microchannel

AbstractThis study addresses the fully developed magnetohydrodynamic flow of non‐Newtonian fluid in a microchannel using tangent hyperbolic fluid model. The physical situation has been modeled by accessing boundary layer theory along with the physical aspects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The heat and mass transport phenomena are depicted through graphical interpretations. The modeled equations are nondimensionalized using dimensionless variables. The obtained corresponding equations are solved by employing Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg scheme accompanied with shooting technique. The fluctuations in distinct entities of physical connotations, like, the Nusselt number, friction factor and Sherwood number are explored in this examination. A notable reduction in the concentration field of the tangent hyperbolic fluid has been obtained for a larger chemical reaction parameter. The result shows that non‐Newtonian fluids exhibit higher Nusselt number than Newtonian fluids. Furthermore, a significant enhancement in Nusselt number has been attained through a rise in the power‐law index and thermophoresis aspect.

Unconditional nonlinear stability for double‐diffusive convection with temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent viscosity

AbstractA linear and nonlinear stability analyses are carried out for a double‐diffusive chemically reactive fluid layer with viscosity being a function of temperature and pressure. The linear stability analysis is studied when the stabilizing salt gradient acts against the destabilizing thermal gradient. The effect of reaction parameters and variable viscosity on the stability of the system is studied for heated below, salted above, and the heated and salted below models with Rigid–Rigid boundary conditions. Chebyshev pseudospectral method is applied to determine the numerical solutions.

Soret and Dufour features in peristaltic motion of chemically reactive fluid in a tapered asymmetric channel in the presence of Hall current

The present work examines heat and mass transfer characteristics of peristaltic motion of Johnson-Segalman fluid in a tapered asymmetric channel along with chemical reaction, by taking into account the Soret and Dufour effects. Effects of Hall current have also been discussed in mathematical modeling and analysis. Following the peristaltic wave procedure, the tapered asymmetric channel is based on the non uniform boundaries having diverse phases and amplitudes. The channel walls show excellent agreement with more realistic convective conditions. The modeled flow problem is directed into ordinary differential equations set with proper utilization of similarity quantities. The estimation of high wavelength as well as small Reynolds number are acknowledged to deduce the equations of Johnson-Segalman liquid model. The adopted solution procedure is constructed via homotopic algorithm. The results have been analyzed for various parameters of interest and sketched for better understanding. The velocity profile reveals decreasing behavior for increasing values of Weissenberg number and Hartman number while converse behavior is found for mean flow rate and Hall parameter. The temperature profile falloffs for heat transfer Biot number and Hartman number whereas it increases for Prandtl number, Brinkman number, Dufour number and Hall parameter. The concentration profile tends to decrease for mass transfer Biot number and increase for Schmidt constant.

Radiation and Mixed Convection Effects on Chemically Reactive Sisko Fluid Flow over a Curved Stretching Surface

The main objective of this framework is to establish the modeling and simulation of mixed convection flows along with a curved stretching sheet with Sisko fluid. The impacts of thermal radiation and first-order chemical reaction are also incorporated to illustrate the heat and mass transfer phenomenon. In addition, the convective condition is deliberated to discuss the heat transfer mechanism. The normalized conservation equations emerge as a system of non-linear two-dimensional coupled Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Under appropriate transformation, these equations are converted into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). Numerical procedures are examined in this study for various active parameters. A significant declining behavior of the velocity profile is depicted with an increase in mixed convection and buoyancy ratio parameter. An enhancement conduct in the temperature of the fluid is reported through the growing values of radiation parameter and Biot number. A remarkable decreasing trend is addressed by the higher values of the chemical reaction parameter while plotting the concentration profile of the fluid. Moreover, the resistive forces, heat, and mass transfer rates are discussed in tabular form. A comparison with shooting and RK-45 Fehlberg method is illustrated to show the validity of the present scheme. Thus the present consequences are well correlated with the existing literature.

Controlling Shale Swelling and Fluid Loss Properties of Water-Based Drilling Mud via Ultrasonic Impregnated SWCNTs/PVP Nanocomposites

Wellbore instability due to shale swelling and fluid loss of drilling mud is the main challenge faced by the oil and gas industry. Herein, we successfully demonstrated the positive impact of newly developed single-walled carbon nanotubes/polyvinylpyrrolidone (SWCNTs/PVP) nanocomposites on the drilling efficiency of water-based muds (WBMs). By adopting a standardized sonication technique, we achieved highly dispersed and uniform distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) within the matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). SWCNTs provided the required mechanical strength and hydrophobicity, while PVP acted as a binder, filler, and dispersion medium. The surface morphology of shales was compared before and after modification with SWCNTs/PVP nanocomposites. The moisture adsorption/repellent characteristics of the shales were predicted by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The dispersion stability of synthesized SWCNTs/PVP nanocomposite with bentonite clay in the presence of water was also recorded for 24 h. The drilling mud modified with 5-SWCNTs/PVP nanocomposite demonstrates 23% reduction in fluid loss. The inhibition stability and swelling rate of shales were systematically investigated and compared with water, KCl, unmodified mud, and commercial shale inhibitor. The comparison indicates that the modified drilling mud having 5-SWCNTs/PVP composite showed the highest dispersion recovery (89.5%) and the lowest swelling rate (21.6%). The synthesized nanocomposite not only forms a protective layer on the shale surface to hinder the access of water but also offers structural stability to the drilling mud. Improved swelling inhibition, fluid loss control, and long-term stability of shale against reactive fluid, suggested that the modified WBM can be effectively utilized to control wellbore instability during drilling operations.

Exploration of Lorentz force on a paraboloid stretched surface in flow of Ree-Eyring nanomaterial

In this present communication, we proposed the mathematical model for non-Newtonian liquid (Ree-Eyring model) towards a stretched surface. The Buongiorno model is used in the modelling of flow problem subject to magnetohydrodynamics, entropy generation, nonlinear thermal radiation, homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions, Brownian motion, Joule heating and thermophoresis diffusion. Convective boundary conditions are implemented at the stretched surface. With the assistance of rheological expression of Ree-Eyring model, we construct the governing flow expressions. The energy equation is developed via Brownian diffusion, nonlinear thermal radiation, Joule heating and thermophoresis. Two different types of species (homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions) are considered for the analysis of mass transport. The flow is solely induced due to a nonlinear stretched surface. The electrical conducting and chemically reactive fluid is considered for the analysis towards a stretched surface. The appropriate transformations are implemented to transform governing PDEs into a set of coupled ODEs. Shooting method has been applied to get the solutions of obtained highly non-linear ODEs. The thermodynamics second law is employed to model and calculate total entropy rate. Impact of influential variables on the flow field (velocity), gradient of velocity, temperature, gradient of temperature, concentration and entropy generation rate are studied. The engineering quantities like velocity, temperature gradients are numerical discussed in tabular form. Furthermore, the entropy rate and Bejan number show contrast impact versus larger Brinkman number.

Experimental Investigation of Natural Fracture Stiffness and Flow Properties in a Faulted CO2Bypass System (Utah, USA)

AbstractFracture stiffness and flow properties have been measured in the laboratory using naturally fractured fault rock samples from the Little Grand Wash fault, Utah, USA. We compare fracture closure and related flow change during isotropic loading of two fractures which have been subject to various amounts of paleoreactive flow. The two tested fractures are described as (i) a small‐aperture fracture (0.1 mm) with negligible geochemical alterations of the fracture surface and (ii) a large‐aperture fracture (0.53 mm) where precipitates are observed on the fracture surface. X‐ray imaging is used for quantification of fracture aperture and fracture surface contact distribution. The petrographical characterization using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction is performed pretest and describes burial and uplift diagenesis as well as pulses of reactive fluid flow within the fault. The stress‐dependent flow and deformation experiment provides new data on fracture stiffness and flow for naturally developed fractures in siliciclastic rock. Fracture stiffness is found to be highest for the small‐aperture fracture due to its high‐fracture contact ratio and well‐developed surface mating during closure. For the naturally altered and rougher, large‐aperture fracture, fracture stiffness is lower and a highly stress dependent decay in flow is observed during initial closure. The results illustrate that a natural fracture with high contact ratio and well‐mated surfaces will close during loading, whereas a fracture associated with high flow rates and affected by previous geochemical alteration maintains a high flow rate compared to the host rock during similar loading.

Entropy generation and thermal criticality of generalized Couette hydromagnetic flow of two-step exothermic chemical reaction in a channel

The study examines thermal criticality and entropy generation of a transient two-step chemical reactive generalized Couette flow for a hydrodynamic fluid in a horizontal heat isothermal wall with viscous dissipation. The reactive fluid is completely exothermic under the effect of various pre-exponential chemical kinetics namely: Sensitized, Arrhenius and Bimolecular kinetics. The flow is influenced by magnetic field and axial constant pressure. Laplace transform method coupled with the differential transform technique is used to obtain the solution to the dimensionless nonlinear governing modelled equations. The impacts of the fluid associated terms on the heat distribution, entropy generation rate and Bejan number as well as thermal criticality for various kinetics are graphically illustrated and discussed. The results revealed that irreversibility process can be encouraged with low dissipation rate, and thermal explosion can be reduced with low heat source terms.

Heat and mass transfer effect on an unsteady MHD radiative chemically reactive Casson fluid over a stretching sheet in porous medium

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the variable magnetic field, chemical reaction, thermal radiation, Soret effect, and variable heat absorption on the fluid flow and heat and mass transfer of an unsteady Casson fluid past a stretching surface in a saturated porous medium. Velocity slip near the plate and conjugate heating boundary conditions in heat and mass transfer have been considered in this study. Due to the complexities in boundary conditions, the analytic solution of the governing equations of the present model is not possible. Thus, to overcome these issues, the coupled partial differential equations of the model are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. These equations have then been solved numerically using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta technique via the shooting method. The effects of various pertinent flow parameters on the velocity, concentration, and temperature field have been studied graphically. For the field of engineering, to get an insight into the physical quantities, especially Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction, their numerical values have been estimated against various parameters and presented in tables. From the tabulated values, it has been perceived that the shear stress increases with an increase in magnetic parameter, unsteadiness parameter, Casson parameter, and heat source parameter, whereas the Biot number shows the reverse trend. The mixture of porous media has justified that the heat transport process over a stretching sheet results in averting heat loss and accelerating the process of cooling, which is a significant outcome of the study. Furthermore, it has also been revealed that with the increase in the Soret effect and magnetic field, there is a reduction in the fluid velocity and temperature near the plate, whereas there is an increase in the species concentration. It has also been mentioned that the effects of the variable magnetic field have been widely applied in various engineering applications like magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion forces, rate of cooling, MHD power generation, and so on.

Sand Screen with Check-Valve Inflow Control Devices

Summary Sand control screens are installed with an internal string (wash pipe) as required which, among other functions, provides a circulation path. In long horizontal wells, running a wash pipe consumes considerable rig time and may limit the ability to reach target depth. In cases in which fluid losses are experienced after screen installation, isolating the open hole with a fluid-loss control valve can be prolonged. This paper describes a wash-pipe-free solution for screen installation using a check-valve inflow control device (CV-ICD). ICD screens are commonly used to delay/restrict the influx of unwanted fluids such as gas or water. The wash-pipe-free solution integrates a check valve with the ICD to prevent outflow through the screen during circulation and allows inflow through the screen when placed on production. This solution uses a check ball that seals against the ICD during circulation but falls back on a porous retainer plate during production. The check ball and retainer plate can be dissolved by spotting a reactive fluid inside the screen or made to erode over time with production. Laboratory testing yielded the following results: the ICD with the check ball was shown to seal up to 5,000 psi; the check ball and retainer plate can be dissolved by a reactive fluid, which can be tailored to bottomhole temperature and the required time of dissolution; and the pressure activation test demonstrated that the maximum differential pressure to seat the ball was less than 5 psi. This CV-ICD solution has been applied worldwide in more than 35 wells, most of which were targeted to avoid running a wash pipe. However, in two wells the technology was successfully used to set openhole packers with a 5,000-psi setting pressure. In this paper, we present the wash-pipe-free ICD screen installation with a dissolvable check valve and the capability of setting a hydraulic packer without a wash pipe or intervention in the open hole. The novel contribution presented herein is the ability to integrate a ball and cage to existing nozzle-based ICDs by using dissolvable material to achieve the preceding results in this application.

Branch-chain criticality and thermal explosion of Oldroyd 6-constant fluid for a generalized Couette reactive flow

This study examines Oldroyd 6-constant fluid and thermal explosion branch-chain criticality of a reactive flow in a generalized Couette device. With material consumption assumption, the reactive fluid is assumed to be actively exothermic, and the exchange of heat within the system is greater than the ambient heat exchange. Compared to the diffusion coefficient, the nondimensioned momentum and energy balance fields are influenced by a thermal Grashof number, non-Newtonian term, pressure gradient, branch-chain reaction order, and reaction initiation rate. The weighted residual collocation method is used to analytically obtain solutions to the dimensionless temperature and velocity equations as well as the bifurcation slice branch-chain solutions. The results are graphically presented, and it is revealed that a decrease in the fluid material terms will assist in managing the excessive heat generated by reaction initiation rate, and Frank Kamenetskii term. Also, a rise in the reaction branch order and reaction initiation rate can lead to system thermal runaway. Moreover, for industrial processes as obtained from the study, reactive non-Newtonian Oldroyd 6-constant fluid is thermally stable than reactive Newtonian fluid.

Massive formation of lawsonite in subducted sediments from the Schistes Lustrés (W. Alps): Implications for mass transfer and decarbonation in cold subduction zones

This study investigates the reactions allowing crystallization of large amounts of lawsonite (CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2•[H2O]) found in calcschists metamorphosed in a subduction zone setting. Previous studies of lawsonite-forming reactions in metasediments have highlighted its importance for the large-scale budget of CO2, as the calcium required to form lawsonite is thought to originate from decarbonation reactions. Yet, thermodynamic modelling as well as isotopic measurements have indicated that 80 to 90% of the carbon is retained in sediments, and there is no evidence of major decarbonation in the field. As lawsonite contains abundant H2O and has a large stability field, understanding its crystallization is also important to assess fluid migration and mass transfer in a critical part of the subduction system where slow earthquakes are nucleating (such as low frequency earthquakes or episodic tremor and slip). The upper units of the blueschist facies metasediments of the Schistes Lustrés complex (Western Alps), buried to depths of ~30–40 km, have been selected as an ideal case study as they host up to 40 vol% of lawsonite. Lawsonite is found crystallized over several generations, in veins and in reactions fronts as well as in the rock matrix. Three types of lawsonite were identified. The most abundant type of lawsonite is associated with quartz and ankerite. This assemblage formed from phyllosilicates and calcite in a continuous reaction: chlorite + calcite + kaolinite = lawsonite + ankerite + quartz + H2O. According to thermodynamic modelling, this reaction is restricted to a narrow pressure-temperature domain and initiates around 180 °C and 0.4 GPa. Lawsonite is also observed and predicted to grow from Fe-Mg-carpholite at higher metamorphic conditions. None of these reactions allow efficient net export of carbon, as one carbonate replaces another, and most observations are consistent with closed-system behaviour at outcrop-scale, in agreement with geochemical studies. At sample-scale and below, crystallization of lawsonite is linked to homogenization of carbonate and pelitic domains in geologically fast reactions. Dissolution of calcite produces reactive fluids prone to react with pelitic domains and crystallize lawsonite and another carbonate. Although metamorphic veins are ubiquitous to the upper units of the Schistes Lustrés Complex, most of them result from local reactions and do no indicate large-scale mass transfer.

Rapid Mineral Precipitation During Shear Fracturing of Carbonate‐Rich Shales

AbstractTarget subsurface reservoirs for emerging low‐carbon energy technologies and geologic carbon sequestration typically have low permeability and thus rely heavily on fluid transport through natural and induced fracture networks. Sustainable development of these systems requires deeper understanding of how geochemically mediated deformation impacts fracture microstructure and permeability evolution, particularly with respect to geochemical reactions between pore fluids and the host rock. In this work, a series of triaxial direct shear experiments was designed to evaluate how fractures generated at subsurface conditions respond to penetration of reactive fluids with a focus on the role of mineral precipitation. Calcite‐rich shale cores were directly sheared under 3.5 MPa confining pressure using BaCl2‐rich solutions as a working fluid. Experiments were conducted within an X‐ray computed tomography (xCT) scanner to capture 4‐D evolution of fracture geometry and precipitate growth. Three shear tests evidenced nonuniform precipitation of barium carbonates (BaCO3) along through‐going fractures, where the extent of precipitation increased with increasing calcite content. Precipitates were strongly localized within fracture networks due to mineral, geochemical, and structural heterogeneities and generally concentrated in smaller apertures where rock:water ratios were highest. The combination of elevated fluid saturation and reactive surface area created in freshly activated fractures drove near‐immediate mineral precipitation that led to an 80% permeability reduction and significant flow obstruction in the most reactive core. While most previous studies have focused on mixing‐induced precipitation, this work demonstrates that fluid–rock interactions can trigger precipitation‐induced permeability alterations that can initiate or mitigate risks associated with subsurface energy systems.

Ultramafic Rock Carbonation: Constraints From Listvenite Core BT1B, Oman Drilling Project

AbstractThe occurrence of the quartz‐carbonate alteration assemblage (listvenite) in ophiolites indicates that ultramafic rock represents an effective sink for dissolved CO2. However, the majority of earlier studies of ultramafic rock carbonation had to rely on the surface exposure of reaction textures and field relationships. Here we present the first observations on ultramafic rock alteration obtained from the 300 m deep BT1B drill hole, ICDP Oman Drilling Project, allowing for a continuous and high‐resolution investigation. Hole BT1B recovered continuous drill core intersecting surface alluvium, 200 m of altered ultramafic rock comprising mainly listvenite and minor serpentinite bands at 90 and 180 m depth, and 100 m of the underlying metamorphic sole. Textural evidence suggests that the carbonation of fully serpentinized harzburgite commenced by non‐equilibrium growth of spheroidal carbonate characterized by sectorial zoning resulting from radially oriented low‐angle boundaries. In the serpentinite, carbonate spheroids are composed of alternating magnesite cores and dolomite rims, whereas texturally similar carbonate in the listvenite is composed of Fe‐rich magnesite cores and Ca‐Fe‐rich magnesite rims. The distinct compositions and mineral inclusions indicate that the carbonation extent was controlled by fluid accessibility resulting in the simultaneous formation of limited carbonate in the serpentinite bands and complete carbonation in the listvenite parts of BT1B. The presence of euhedral magnesite overgrowing spheroidal carbonate in the listvenite suggests near‐equilibrium conditions during the final stage of carbonation. The carbonate clumped isotope thermometry constrains carbonate crystallization between 50 °C and 250 °C, implying repeated infiltration of reactive fluids during ophiolite uplift and cooling.

Reactive computational fluid dynamics modelling of methane–hydrogen admixtures in internal combustion engines: Part I – RANS

The effects of hydrogen addition to internal combustion engines operated by natural gas/methane has been widely demonstrated experimentally in the literature. Already small hydrogen contents in the fuel show promising benefits with respect to increased engine efficiency, lower CO2 emissions, extended lean operating limits and a higher exhaust gas recirculation tolerance while maintaining the knock resistance of methane. In this article, the influence of hydrogen addition to methane on a spark ignited single cylinder engine is investigated. This article proposes a modelling approach to consider hydrogen addition within three-dimensional reactive computational fluid dynamics in order to establish a framework to gain further insights into the involved processes. Experiments have been performed on a single-cylinder spark-ignition engine situated at a test bed and cater as reference data for validating the proposed reactive computational fluid dynamics modelling approach based around the G-Equation combustion model. Within the course of the first part, crucial aspects relevant to the modelling of the mean engine cycle are highlighted. In this article, a simplified early combustion phase model which considers the transition towards a fully developed turbulent flame following ignition is introduced, along with a second submodel considering combined effects of the walls. The sensitivity of the combustion process towards the modelling approach is presented. The submodels were calibrated for a reference operating point, and a sweep in hydrogen content in the fuel as well as stoichiometric and lean operation has been considered. It is shown that the flame speed coefficient A appearing in the used turbulent flame speed closure, weighting the influence of the turbulent fluctuating speed [Formula: see text], has to be adjusted for different hydrogen contents. The introduced submodels allowed for significant improvement of the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate evolution throughout all considered operating conditions.

A multiscale study of density-driven flow with dissolution in porous media

In the present work, a suite of numerical experiments with linear stability analysis are conducted to study density-driven flow with chemical dissolution of two reactive fluids in synthetic porous media. Linear stability analysis at the Darcy scale is first performed to predict the interfacial phenomena and instability at the initial time. Pore-scale simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are further conducted to capture more mechanistic information and advance the understanding of the transport processes. Under different scenarios, it is demonstrated that the transport processes exhibit distinct behaviors, which are largely dominated by the interplay among density contrast, chemical reaction rate and evolution of the porosity/permeability. All the results indicate that the interfacial instability can be triggered by the density contrast between two miscible fluids, leading to the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability. The R-T instability can be suppressed by the heterogeneous surface reaction between the fluid and solid phases, which prevents the transport of the denser fluid. Over the long term, it is found that the interfacial instability is influenced by the evolution of the porosity/permeability due to dissolution, which potentially restarts the transport of the denser fluid.

Fracture mechanical properties of carbonate and evaporite caprocks in Sichuan Basin, China with implications for reservoir seal integrity

Fracture development in reservoir rocks enhances the flow and transport properties of the petroleum system, yet fracture in caprocks can significantly risk reservoir seal integrity. Over geological time scales, the slow, subcritical fracture propagation can contribute considerably to the fracture system development, especially under reactive fluid environments during petroleum migration and accumulation. Using the double torsion technique, we measure the subcritical fracture growth properties of carbonate and anhydrite caprock core samples in Sichuan Basin, China, under different environments of ambient air, de-ionized water, and formation water. Experimental results show that the aqueous fluids significantly promote subcritical fracture growth: (1) compared to ambient air, the presence of aqueous fluids dramatically reduces both the fracture toughness (KIC) and subcritical fracture growth index (SCI) of the caprocks; (2) the KIC reduction is more prominent for the anhydrite (50%) caprock than the carbonate (30%) caprock, which suggest that mineral solubility is responsible for the fluid-weakening effect; (3) a systematic change of SCI with varying fluid conditions is observed: SCI is the largest in air, smallest in formation water, and intermediate in de-ionized water. Microstructural analysis suggests a predominantly opening mode for both the natural fractures and induced fractures during fracture mechanical testing. Our results further demonstrate that subcritical fracture growth process is also strongly related to rock composition and stress conditions. These observations provide insights into the mechanisms controlling fracture growth in carbonate and evaporite caprocks, which could extend to brittle failure and fluid-rock interactions occurring during the seismic cycle in the upper crust.

Fluid phase equilibria for the isoamyl acetate production by reactive distillation

A new set of revised parameters for NRTL activity coefficient model was correlated for the quaternary mixture of acetic acid + isoamyl alcohol + isoamyl acetate + water based on available scientific experimental vapor – liquid, liquid – liquid and vapor – liquid – liquid equilibrium data. The structure of residue curve maps for the non-reactive quaternary mixture presents four binary azeotropes and two ternary azeotropes. No reactive azeotropes were found for the reactive system. The new set of parameters for NRTL activity coefficient model is more consistent with experimental data than current models and their predictions are used to calculate a complete thermodynamic characterization for the reactive and nonreactive fluid phase equilibria. The results can be used in reactive distillation calculations such as process synthesis and conceptual design.

Magnetohydrodynamic micropolar fluid flow in a porous medium with multiple slip conditions

Theoretically, micropolar fluids are used in the biomedical investigations. This study analyzes the flow, heat and mass transfer in a magneto-micropolar reactive fluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet in a saturated non-Darcy porous medium. The impact of velocity, thermal and concentration slips with prescribed surface temperature and concentration boundary conditions are examined. Mathematical models are formulated and solved using an iterative technique spectral quasi-linearization method. The results of numerical simulations are depicted graphically. The present results when cross-checked with earlier reported data in the literature for limiting conditions exhibit good agreement. The results show that the momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses fall as the nonlinear stretching parameter increases while the opposite occur with a rise in the thermal conductivity parameter.

An improved double diffusion analysis of non-Newtonian chemically reactive fluid in frames of variables properties

Stretching flows subject to heat/mass transference have implication in contemporary research era and industry because of their diverse demands in chemical systems and engineering. Such demands encompass filaments, paper fabrication, glass fiber and polymer sheets. Owing to such prospective demands, we interpreted the Jeffrey liquid reactive flow under non-linear convection. We scrutinized the transference of heat/mass under generalized Fourier-Fick relations. Thermal conductivity depends on temperature while mass diffusivity is dependent on concentration. Besides, heat source along with first-order chemical reaction aspects are accounted. Relevant transformations are exerted to achieve non-linear differential systems which are solved through homotopy scheme. Influences of significant factors are exhibited via graphical benchmark.