Reaction Of Nickel Research Articles

Ni(II)-selenosemicarbazones complexes as promising anticancer and anti-tubercular agents: Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and binding studies with HSA and ct-DNA

Reaction of nickel(II) acetate with selenosemicarbazones (2-HOxsesc, 3-MeHOxsesc, 6-ClHOxsesc, 3-HIndsesc, 3-AcHIndsesc, 9-HAnsesc, 1-HNapsesc, 2-HNapsesc) in 1:2 (M:L) molar ratio yielded complexes of formula, [Ni(sesc)2] 1–8 (sesc = 2-Oxsesc 1, 3-MeOxsesc 2, 6-ClOxsesc 3, 3-Indsesc 4, 3-AcIndsesc 5, 9-Ansesc 6, 1-Napsesc 7, 2-Napsesc 8).Complexes are characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. The full optimized energy for 2-HOxsesc and its complex was found through Density Functional Theory calculation using B3LYP level and predicted geometry parameters are compared with literature. Selenosemicarbazones and their complexes were tested for their anti-tuberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis H37RV strain and anticancer activity against PA-1 and DU145cell lines. The anti-TB activity of 3-AcHIndsesc (MIC = 25 μg/mL) got exceptionally enhanced on complexation with Ni(II) (complex 5, MIC = 0.8 μg/mL). Anticancer activity of ligands have got enhanced on complexation with Ni(II) metal ion and best results were obtained in case of complex 5 (PA-1, IC50 =1.28; DU145, IC50 =3.83). The binding constant of 6.5 × 103M-1 and 3 × 104M−1 obtained from absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis) indicates strong binding of complex 5 with HSA and ct-DNA. The molecular interaction of 3-AcHIndsesc and complex 5 with mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl reductase and DNA (PDB ID: 1BNA) were checked with docking studies. The docking studies with mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl reductase and DNA (PDB ID: 1BNA) gave minimum binding energy of -8.9 Kcal/mol and -7.5 Kcal/mol respectively for complex 5. The docking results are in well agreement with experimental data.

Synthesis of 2‐Pyridyl Based N(1)‐Substituted Thiosemicarbazonates of Nickel(II) as Bioactive Materials against MRSA, S. aureus, S. typhimurium 2, and K. pneumonia

AbstractIn this investigation, the bio‐activity and biosafe potential of thiosemicarbazonates of nickel(II) as well as that of ligands are described. Reactions of nickel(II) acetate with a series of thiosemicarbazones, {R1(py)C2=N3‐N2(H)‐C1(=S)‐NHR; R1=py, Me, H and Ph; R=H, Me, Et, Ph}, led to the loss of acidic hydrazinic N2(H) protons, and resulted in the formation of six‐coordinated complexes of stoichiometry, [Ni(N,N,S−L)2], where anionic N,N,S−L=py2tsc‐NHR, 1–4; apytsc‐NHR, 5–8; pytsc‐NHR, 9–12 and bpytsc‐NHR, 13–16. All these complexes have been characterized using analytical data, IR and UV‐visible spectroscopy and ESI‐mass spectrometry. The single crystal X‐ray crystal structure of several complexes {2(Me), 7(Et), 11(Et), 12(Ph), 13(H),14(Me) and 15(Et)} were also determined. Thio‐ligands coordinate to nickel(II) through pyridyl nitrogen‐N4, azomethine nitrogen‐N3 and thiolato sulfur atoms, resulting in the formation of homoleptic complexes with octahedral structures. Complexes 1–16 and uncoordinated thiosemicarbzones, were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, in terms of ZOI, MIC, time kill assay and in vitro percent cell viability MTT assay, against clinical isolate methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC740), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC109), Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC1251), and Candida albicans (MTCC227), a yeast. Both the ligands and their metal complexes exhibited moderate to high bioactivity, and were found to be biosafe with high cell viability, 88–92 %, in several cases.

Di-chloridotetra-kis-(3-meth-oxy-aniline)nickel(II).

The reaction of nickel(II) chloride with 3-meth-oxy-aniline yielded di-chlorido-tetra-kis-(3-meth-oxy-aniline)nickel(II), [NiCl2(C7H9NO)4], as yellow crystals. The NiII ion is pseudo-octa-hedral with the chloride ions trans to each other. The four 3-meth-oxy-aniline ligands differ primarily due to different conformations about the Ni-N bond, which also affect the hydrogen bonding. Inter-molecular N-H⋯ Cl hydrogen bonds and short Cl⋯Cl contacts between mol-ecules link them into chains parallel to the b axis.

Syntheses, characterizations and crystal structures of two Ni(II) complexes [Ni2(neoc)4(H2O)(CO3)](NO3)2·3H2O and [Ni(bapa)2](NO3)2·H2O and magnetic properties of the carbonato complex

By the reaction of nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neoc) and bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (bapa) two novel complexes were isolated, namely [Ni2(neoc)4(H2O)(CO3)](NO3)2·3H2O (1) and [Ni(bapa)2](NO3)2·H2O (2). Both structures are ionic and comprise hexacoordinated Ni(II) central atoms. Complex 1 is built up of dinuclear [Ni2(neoc)4(H2O)(CO3)]2+ complex cation, nitrate anions and water solvate molecules. The dinuclear complex cation is centrosymmetric and the two Ni(II) atoms are linked by a μ3-bridging-chelating carbonato ligand which, due to the presence of an inversion centre, exhibits two orientations with equal probability. The coordination sphere of Ni(II) atom is heteroleptic with an N4O2 donor set formed by two chelating neoc ligands and two O-donor atoms from bridging carbonato and aqua ligands. The carbonato ligand was formed by transformation of absorbed carbon dioxide from air (single crystals) or from dry ice (bulk sample). The crystal structure of 2 is formed by [Ni(bapa)2]2+ complex cation, nitrate anions and water solvate molecule. The coordination sphere of Ni(II) atom in 2 is homoleptic with N6 donor set. Both bapa ligands act as double chelating 3 N-donor ligands and are coordinated in mer-fashion. The study of the magnetic response of 1 in the temperature range 1.8–300 K revealed that the system can be considered as a system of antiferromagnetic S = 1 spin dimers with exchange interaction J/hc = -13.86 cm−1 (J/kB = -19.96 K) and axial single-ion anisotropy D/hc = -4.94 cm−1 (D/kB = -7.12 K). The experimental magnetic results were corroborated by ab initio and DFT calculations.

EXTRACTION-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE SYSTEM NICKEL(II) – HALOGENASEMERCAPTOPHENOL -AMINOPHENOL - WATER – CHLOROFORM

Reaction of nickel with halogenazomercaptophenol (HAMP) {1-(5-fluoro-2-pyridylazo)-2-hydroxy4-mercaptophenol, 1-(5-chloro-2-pyridylazo)-2-hydroxy-4-mercaptophenol} in the presence aminophenols (AP): 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol, 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-ethylphenol studied by the Extraction-Photometric method. A single extraction with chloroform yields 97.1–98.9% nickel (II) in the form of a mixed-ligand complex (MLC). The optimal acidity range, at which the optical density is maximum and constant, is at pHop. 3.3 – 7.8 (pH 2.0 – 9.8). Maximum optical density is achieved within 5-10 minutes. The optimal condition for the formation and extraction of these compounds is (1.10-2.35)×10-3 mol/l concentration of HAMP and (6.31-8.42) ×10-4 mol/l - AP. The molar absorption coefficients of Ni (II) complexes at λmax were calculated by the saturation method and amount to ε610–650 = (1.3-1.7) ×104 . MLC in the organic phase are in monomeric form (γ = 0.91-1.09). Newly developed methods for extractionphotometric determination of Ni (II) for use in the analysis of oil and petroleum products Baku.

A divergent one-pot thiol-Michael strategy to create β-thiophene-fused porphyrins.

A divergent one-pot domino strategy for the synthesis of nickel(II) and copper(II) β-thiophene-fused 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins was developed through a thiol-Michael addition of thioglycolic/thiolactic acid to the corresponding 2-iminoporphyrins, formed in situ after the reaction of nickel(II) and copper(II) 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins with sterically hindered tert-butylamine in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 °C. Interestingly, the reaction of 2-formylporphyrins with comparatively less sterically hindered primary amines and thioglycolic acid afforded a mixture of β-substituted porphyrinic thiazolidinones and β-thiophene-fused porphyrins. A similar one-pot thiol-Michael protocol was applied to construct a novel free-base thieno[2,3-b]-meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin, which underwent zinc insertion by using zinc acetate in a CHCl3-MeOH mixture and afforded zinc(II) β-thiophene-fused meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin in an appreciable isolated yield. On photophysical evaluation, these new porphyrins displayed a modest bathochromically shifted electronic absorption in contrast to meso-tetraarylporphyrin building blocks.

Reactions of Nickel(0)–Olefin Pincer Complexes with Terminal Alkynes: Cooperative C–H Bond Activation and Alkyne Coupling

Reactions of Nickel(0)–Olefin Pincer Complexes with Terminal Alkynes: Cooperative C–H Bond Activation and Alkyne Coupling

Metal-ligand interactions in a redox active ligand system. Electrochemistry and spectroscopy of [M(dipyvd)2]n+ (M=Zn, Ni, n=0, 1, 2).

Reaction of nickel and zinc triflates with the tridentate leucoverdazyl 1-isopropyl-3,5-di (2'-pyridyl)-6-oxo-2H-tetrazine (dipyvdH) and triethylamine resulted in the neutral coordination compounds M(dipyvd)2 (M = Ni,Zn). In acetonitrile, both compounds undergo two one electron oxidation processes, Zn (dipyvd)2at -0.28V and -0.12V and Ni(dipyvd)2at -0.32V and -0.15V vs ferrocene/ferricenium. Oxidations are ligand based resulting in an intermediate mixed valence species and a cationic bis(verdazyl) compound respectively. Oxidation of the ligand changes a localized, antiaromatic, non-planar 8π electron anion to a planar, delocalized 7π electron radical. The change in ligand structure results in an increase in the octahedral ligand field splitting from 10,500cm-1 to ∼13,000cm-1, suggesting an increase in the pi acceptor character of the ligand. In the mixed valence species, spectroscopic data suggests minimal interaction between ligands mediated by the metal center; i.e., these are class I-II systems in the Robin-Day classification.

A New Method of Obtaining High Purity Nickel(II) Perrhenate from Waste

The article presents a new method of producing anhydrous nickel(II) perrhenate of high purity, entirely from waste from the national Cu industry. This method consists mainly of the reaction of water-washed nickel(II) oxide (obtained by purification in a mixture of alcohols, and subsequent roasting of the Ni-containing sulfate semi-finished products (NSP) at 1200 °C) with perrhenic acid (obtained using the ion exchange method). After the dissolution of nickel(II) oxide in the acid (at a temperature in the range of 60–80 °C) and obtaining a pH of 5–8, the solution is sent to evaporate to dryness, also at a temperature not exceeding 80 °C. The obtained crude nickel(II) perrhenate is washed with methanol and subsequently dried at 160 °C to obtain its anhydrous form, with the following composition: 10.5% of Ni; 66.6% of Re; <5 ppm of Bi, As, Zn and Cu; <10 ppm Co, Mg, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Ca and Mo. Importantly, this composition allows for the use of the compound for the production of superalloys and catalysts. A patent application and a technological scheme were prepared for the developed method. It consists of seven technological operations, including six based on processes in the field of hydrometallurgy, and one in the field of pyrometallurgy (roasting).

Facile synthesis of nickel-decorated multidimensional carbon nanofibers via oxygen plasma activation for non-enzymatic acetaminophen sensing

Acetaminophen (AMP), the most commonly used drug for pain and fever, has very low side effects. However, due to its widespread use, emissions from manufacturing plants and daily life adversely affect various animals and plants, so it is necessary to precisely monitor the concentration. This research suggests the manufacture of composite carbon nanofibers with carbon nanotubes containing nickel particles (Ni–CNT@CNF), and applying the material as an electrochemical sensor electrode material that is capable of measuring AMP. In detail, an oxygen functional group is introduced into the PVP layer by using an O2 vacuum plasma process in a polymer fiber formed by electrospinning a mixed solution of PAN and a PVP including a nickel precursor. The carbon nanotubes are then induced to grow by the catalytic reaction of nickel and decomposed PVP during the carbonization. The Ni–CNT@CNF-based sensor electrode has a low detection limit (0.5 nM), and a wide detection range of (1 nM–70 μM) for AMP molecules. In addition, comparison of sensitivity with other biologically active metabolites demonstrated the excellent selectivity of the sensor electrode.

Interligand Interactions in Half-Sandwich Nickelacarboranes with Phosphine Ligands: Away from Skeletal Rearrangements

Reactions of nickel(II) phosphine complexes [(dppe)NiCl2], [(MePh2P)2NiCl2] and [(Ph3P)2NiCl2] with C-substituted nido-carboranes [7-R-nido-7,8-C2B9H11]− (R = Me, Ph, C(NHCy)2+) were studied. The reactions with [(dppe)NiCl2] lead to the corresponding nickelacarboranes 3,3-(dppe)-1-R-closo-3,1,2-NiC2B9H10 with absent or negligible steric interactions between the ligands. The reactions of [(MePh2P)2NiCl2] with [7-R-nido-7,8-C2B9H11]− (R = H, Me, Ph) result in nickelacarboranes 3,3-(MePh2P)2-1-R-closo-3,1,2-NiC2B9H10 with noticeable steric loading, while the reaction with [7-(CyNH)2C-nido-7,8-C2B9H11] proceeds with the displacement of one phosphine ligand with the formation of a mixed-ligand phosphine-chloride half-sandwich complex 3-MePh2P-3-Cl-1-(CyNH)2C-closo-3,1,2-NiC2B9H10.

Indolyl Phosphine Nickel(II) Fluorido Complexes: Synthesis and Intermediates in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions

AbstractThe C−F bond activation of pentafluoropyridine and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoropyridine at [Ni(cod)2] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) in the presence of the phosphine PPh2(Ind) (Ind=3‐methyl‐2‐indolyl) led to the formation of the nickel(II) fluorido bis(phosphine) complexes trans‐[Ni(F)(2‐C5NF4){PPh2(Ind)}2] and trans‐[Ni(F)(2‐C5HNF3){PPh2(Ind)}2]. The complexes are characterized by the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the NH group of the phosphine ligands and the fluorido ligand. Stochiometric model reactions of nickel(II) fluorido complexes with PhB(OH)2 revealed that the former can be considered as intermediates in Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Catalytic experiments were attempted using 10 mol‐% of trans‐[Ni(F)(2‐C5NF4){PPh2(Ind)}2] as catalyst and the activities of the PPh2(Ind) complex were compared to the ones of an analogous nickel(II) fluorido complex, bearing PPh3 instead of PPh2(Ind) as ligands. The latter exhibited a somewhat lower catalytic activity suggesting a slight influence of the H‐bonds in the outer coordination sphere.

Tandem C-S Coupling and Debrominative Cyclization Enables an Easy Access to β-Thiazole-Fused Porphyrins.

A catalyst-free synthetic approach to β-thiazole-fused 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins via a cascade reaction of nickel(II) or copper(II) 2-amido-3-bromo-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins and Lawesson's reagent is described. During the course of the reaction, 3-bromo-2-thioamido-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins formed in situ undergo debrominative cyclization in refluxing toluene to provide novel β-thiazole-fused porphyrin macrocycles in good yields. Furthermore, free-base and zinc(II) β-thiazole-fused porphyrins have also been constructed in excellent yields by using standard demetalation and zinc metal insertion procedures. The preliminary photophysical studies revealed a significant bathochromic shift in the electronic absorption and emission spectra of new porphyrins as compared to meso-tetraarylporphyrin precursors.

Flux Growth of Cerium Nickel Gallides Studied by In Situ Neutron Diffraction

Reactions of cerium and nickel in excess molten gallium were monitored by neutron diffraction during heating and cooling. The formation of binary intermediates CeGa2 and Ni2Ga3 was observed during heating. During cooling of the molten mixture from 900 °C, precipitation of BaAl4-type CeNi0.74Ga3.26 occurred at 850 °C. Upon cooling to 650 °C, this compound reacted in the flux to form Ce2NiGa10 and then Ce2NiGa12, the latter of which persisted to room temperature. Making use of this information, subsequent reactions were quenched at 750 °C to isolate crystals of CeNi0.74Ga3.26 for further study. Similar reactions replacing Ce with La and quenching above 750 °C yielded LaNi0.35Ga3.65 crystals. Magnetic susceptibility studies on CeNi0.74Ga3.26 indicate that the cerium is trivalent; the Ce3+ moments undergo a strongly anisotropic ferromagnetic ordering with moment perpendicular to the c axis below 7 K. Heat capacity data show little evidence of heavy fermion behavior. Resistivity measurements show that both LaNi0.35Ga3.65 and CeNi0.74Ga3.26 exhibit metallic behavior. Density of states calculations support this and indicate that Ni/Ga mixing in the compound stabilizes the structure.

Syntheses and crystal structures of the ethanol, acetonitrile and diethyl ether Werner clathrates bis-(iso-thio-cyanato-κN)tetra-kis-(3-methyl-pyridine-κN)nickel(II).

The reaction of nickel(II)thio-cyanate with 3-methyl-pyridine (3-picoline; C6H7N) in different solvents leads to the formation of crystals of bis-(iso-thio-cyanato-κN)tetra-kis-(3-methyl-pyridine-κN)nickel(II) as the ethanol disolvate, [Ni(NCS)2(C6H7N)4]·2C2H5OH (1), the acetonitrile disolvate, [Ni(NCS)2(C6H7N)4]·2CH3CN (2), and the diethyl ether monosolvate, [Ni(NCS)2(C6H7N)4]·C4H10O (3). The crystal structures of these compounds consist of NiII cations coordinated by two N-bonded thio-cyanate anions and four 3-methyl-pyridine ligands to generate NiN6 octa-hedra with the thio-cyanate groups in a trans orientation. In compounds 1 and 2 these complexes are located on centers of inversion, whereas in compound 3, they occupy general positions. In the crystal structures, the complexes are packed in such a way that cavities are formed in which the solvent mol-ecules are located. Compounds 1 and 2 are isotypic, which is not the case for compound 3. In compounds 1 and 2 the solvate mol-ecules are disordered, whereas they are fully ordered in compound 3. Disorder is also observed for one of the 3-methyl-pyridine ligands in compound 2. Powder X-ray diffraction and IR measurements show that at room temperature all compounds decompose almost immediately into the same phase, as a result of the loss of the solvent mol-ecules.

A comparative study on the oxygen evolution reaction of cobalt and nickel based hydroxide electrodes in alkaline electrolyte

• Co and Ni-based hydroxide nanostructures are prepared by electrodeposition. • Systematic comparison of five discrete electrocatalysts for OER. • Co(OH) 2 @Ni shows a favorable performance on water oxidation with better durability. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays the key role in determining the kinetics of the electrochemical water splitting reaction. The natural abundancy and unique redox properties of transition metal-based (oxy)hydroxides with layered structure make them one of the most preferred OER electrocatalysts in alkaline medium. Herein, we fabricated a set of Co– and Ni-based hydroxide nanoflakes/nanowalls on conductive Ni foam substrate via a simple and quick electrochemical deposition method. OER experiments were systematically conducted on Co(OH) 2 @Ni, Ni(OH) 2 @Ni, NiCo LDH@Ni, Co(OH) 2 /Ni(OH) 2 @Ni, Ni(OH) 2 /Co(OH) 2 @Ni electrocatalysts. The results from the OER experiments reveal that Co(OH) 2 @Ni nanostructures are the best electrocatalyst with the lowest overpotential and have preserved their morphology after 24 h of chronopotentiometric test. It is believed that the current work will provide an idea of how Co– and Ni-based hydroxide or their combination can influence OER.

Formation of Nickel(II) Cyanomethyl Complex Bearing Tridentate 1,2,3-Triazolylidene

Nickel(II) cyanomethyl complex bearing a tridentate bulky mesoionic carbene ligand was synthesized by the reaction of nickel(II) chloride with K3PO4 in acetonitrile, and it was also formed from dicationic acetonitrile complex. Nickel(II) hydroxo complex is revealed to be an intermediate to give the cyanomethyl complex from both compounds, indicating that the N-bound acetonitrile complex is not deprotonated. Theoretical studies indicated a new mechanism in the cyanomethyl formation.

On the Synthesis of a T‐Shaped Imido Nickel Complex and Trigonal Amido Nickel Complexes

AbstractThe synthesis of a T‐shaped imido nickel complex is reported, obtained by the reaction of phenyl azide with the linear nickel(I) silylamide complex K{18‐crown‐6}[NiL2] (L=−N(Dipp)SiMe3; Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). In addition, an unusual shift of a SiMe3 unit from an ancillary ligand to a putative [Ni=NPh] complex is observed. Examination of the resulting [Ni=NDipp] complex for its electronic properties leads to its description as a low‐spin nickel(III) imide and revealed only limited activity with respect to H‐atom abstraction from C−H bonds or nitrene. Attempts to obtain information about the general features of trigonal nickel(II) amide products, that would result from such a H‐atom abstraction reaction, via reaction of linear nickel(II) silylamide [NiL2] with alkali metal salts of primary amides revealed the reduction to the linear nickel(I) complex K{18‐crown‐6}[NiL2]. The same is observed for alkoxides, secondary amides or benzyl. Reaction of the organic salts with the anionic nickel(II) complex NBu4[NiBrL2] under salt elimination also give the linear nickel(I) complex. Partial formation of an otherwise stable T‐shaped nickel(II) can be observed only for the electron‐poor diphenyl amide. This implicates that reduction of the starting nickel(II) complexes by different organic alkali metal salts likely does not occur via a homolytic Ni−R bond cleavage but a direct SET process from the unligated substrate to the nickel(II) ion.

Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Cosmetic Products Marketed in Iraq Using Spectrophotometric and Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (µPADs) Platform

Two quantitative, environment-friendly and easily monitored assays for Ni (II) and Co (III) ions analysis in different lipstick samples collected from 500-Iraqi dinars stores located in Baghdad were introduced. The study was based on the reaction of nickel (II) ions with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) reagent and the reaction of cobalt (III) ions with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN) reagent to produce colored products. The color change was measured by spectrophotometric method at 565 nm and 430 nm for Ni and Co, respectively, with linear calibration graphs in the concentration range 0.25-100 mg L-1 (Ni) and 0.5-100 mg L-1 (Co) and LOD and LOQ of 0.11 mg L-1 and 0.36 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.15 mg L-1 and 0.49 mg L-1 (Co). The UV/VIS data was compared to the results obtained by a novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) platform offering in-situ and cost-effect assay with a similar calibration graph with LOD and LOQ of 0.21 mg L-1 and 0.70 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.22 mg L-1 and 0.75 mg L-1 (Co). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant difference between the UV/VIS, µPAD, and standard atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) assay Ftab= 3.46 is much higher than FStat = 0.13 (Ni) and Ftab= 3.46 is much higher than FStat = 0.02 (Co). Also, a good correlation between results via the three methods was found. Thus, the µPAD platform offers a solid base for providing valuable information outside centralized laboratories.

A Comparative Study on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Cobalt and Nickel Based Hydroxide Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolyte

A Comparative Study on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Cobalt and Nickel Based Hydroxide Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolyte