Depressive Reactions Research Articles

Non-operating Room Anesthesia (NORA): A Comprehensive Review of Monitored Anesthesia Care.

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) is being increasingly employed in non-operative environments, particularly in the realms of endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. This in-depth analysis delves into the essential components of MAC within these specific contexts, with a primary focus on ensuring patient safety, evaluating efficacy, and assessing procedural outcomes. It is a common practice in endoscopic procedures to necessitate sedation for the purpose of alleviating discomfort and anxiety, ultimately ensuring patient cooperation and the successful completion of the procedure. MAC, which entails the administration of sedatives and analgesics under the close supervision of an anesthesia professional, offers a personalized approach that carefully balances the depth of sedation with maintaining optimal patient safety standards. Within the domain of MRI procedures, where challenges such as claustrophobia and motion artifacts can significantly impact the process, MAC plays a crucial role in providing a controlled setting that not only enhances image quality but also improves patient compliance throughout the procedure. The review extensively investigates the various pharmacological agents commonly utilized in these scenarios, including but not limited tomidazolamand fentanyl, shedding light on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties specific to these contexts. Furthermore, the critical role of the anesthesia provider in effectively managing potential complications, such as respiratory depression, hemodynamic instability, and allergic reactions, is thoroughly examined and discussed. The analysis extends to the implementation of MAC protocols, encompassing pre-procedural assessments, continuous intra-procedural monitoring, and comprehensive post-procedural care, all aimed at ensuring the best possible outcomes for patients. Additionally, the review delves into the economic considerations associated with MAC, taking into account its impact on procedural efficiency, healthcare costs, and patient throughput within these settings. By exploring current guidelines and recommendations established by professional societies such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of the best practices in MAC for both endoscopy and MRI procedures. Through the synthesis of available evidence, the primary objective of this review is to contribute to informing clinical practices, enhancing patient safety measures, improving procedural success rates, and ultimately advocating for the broader adoption of monitored anesthesia care in diverse non-operative medical settings.

The significance of different intervertebral spaces in combined spinal epidural anesthesia in cesarean section.

The number of cesarean sections performed is increasing every year, and obstetric anesthesia is of great interest to physicians and research scholars because of its specificity, high risk, and high complication rate. To investigate the effects of combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) with different intervertebral spaces during cesarean section on anesthesia effect, anesthesia onset time, anesthesia recovery time, maternal adverse reactions, and neonates. Ninety-two women who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from September 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided them into two groups (group A and group B), 46 women in each group. Group A underwent CSEA via an L2-3 gap and group B underwent CSEA via an L3-4 gap puncture. The anesthesia effect, anesthesia onset time, sensory recovery time, adverse effects, and neonatal Apgar score were compared between the two groups. When CSEA was performed from L2-3, the anesthesia efficiency was higher, but the difference was not statistically significant. When anesthesia was performed by puncture from L2-3, the onset of anesthesia and recovery time was shorter, and the incidence of intraoperative maternal nausea and vomiting, hypotension, respiratory depression, and other adverse reactions was low with a statistically significant difference. However, the Apgar scores of the neonates in the two groups have no difference. When CSEA is induced via L2-3 interspace, anesthesia has a rapid onset of action, shorter recovery time, and few maternal adverse effects, without affecting the final anesthetic outcome.

마음챙김 기반 교원 웰빙 증진 프로그램 개발 및 효과 분석

In this study, a mindfulness-based intervention program for teachers and empirically validated the effects on teachers’ stress and subjective well-being was developed. More specifically, based on the latest neuroscience and positive psychology research on mindfulness, we developed a mindfulness-based well-being program for teachers that incorporated mindfulness meditation and positive psychological factors such as compassion, loving-kindness, and gratitude. We implemented the program for eight weeks with the teachers in the experimental group. For the program effectiveness analysis, first, we compared between groups using Repeated Measure ANOVA to determine the treatment effect between the experimental and control groups. Second, Repeated Measure ANOVA and paired sample t-tests to examine the treatment effect within the experimental group were compared. In particular, we examined the persistence of the treatment effect, focusing on changes from pre- to 4-week follow up tests. The results showed that the mindfulness-based teacher well-being program was effective in increasing mindfulness and self-kindness, one of the components of compassion, and decreasing stress, such as anger and physical reactions. Furthermore, the effects on stress, which includes not only mindfulness and self-kindness but also depression, anger, and physical reactions as a result of these variables, were sustained up to four weeks after the program ended. On the other hand, self-criticism, life satisfaction, and negative affect showed significant treatment effects in the pre- and post-treatment periods, but the effects did not persist four weeks after the program ended. Based on the results of this study, we suggested ways to improve teachers' mental health and subjective well-being.

Peculiarities of commissions of forensic medical examinations in criminal cases related to crimes against sexual inviolability

The investigation of criminal cases related to sex crimes determines the range of circumstances to be immediately proved during investigations. Issues arising in the process of conducting such cases must be resolved as part of forensic medical examinations. Illegal acts of a sexual nature generally end in the violation of human health, not only physical with bodily harm but also psychological. During such examinations, specialists of various clinical specialties are included in the composition of expert commissions. These are specialists in the fields of obstetrics-gynecology, venereology, traumatology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology. During investigation and trial, important information can be provided by medical documents on the state of health of the victim, including the testimony of medical workers. Not only forensic medical experts who conducted examinations but also medical workers are called to court hearings as witnesses to incidents. This article analyzed the commissions of forensic medical examinations in a teenager harmed by violent sexual acts. The results of forensic medical examinations were analyzed. This article provides an expert observation of a victim of crimes against sexual inviolability that led to severe complications. During the investigation, the development of a mental disorder in the teenager was examined, and a forensic medical examination was performed. Psychological injuries are no less serious than physical ones. The body’s response to stress causes a pathological state of the psyche. Such a painful reaction can persist for many years. A prolonged depressive reaction due to an adaptation disorder arose in the victim after the unlawful actions committed against her with a direct causal relationship. When conducting forensic medical examinations related to illegal acts of a sexual nature, specialists in the fields of gynecology, traumatology, venereology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology must take part in the examinations.

Effects of perioperative application of esketamine on postpartum depression in cesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the effect of perioperative esketamine administration on postpartum depression in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. Data sources was PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to February 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were selected and compared to the use of esketamine in the perioperative period. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of postpartum maternal depression. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used. Data pooled by random-effects models are presented as risk ratios (RR) (95% confidence intervals, 95% CI) or mean differences (95% CI). This review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023431197). We included 8 studies with a total of 1655 participants. The quality of the studies was rated high or unclear. Seven studies involving 1485 participants reported the incidence of postpartum depression. Compared with pregnant women undergoing cesarean section without the use of esketamine, those using esketamine in the perioperative period showed a 48% decreased risk of developing postpartum depression (RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.79) and a 1.43-point reduction in EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) (mean difference: -1.43, 95% CI: -2.32 to -0.54). For immediate intraoperative adverse reactions, the application of esketamine caused maternal nausea and vomiting (RR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.22-3.81), dizziness (RR: 6.11, 95% CI: 1.49-24.98), and hallucinations (RR: 6.83, 95% CI: 1.57-29.68) compared to no esketamine use. Perioperative use of esketamine in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section may reduce postpartum depression and increase intraoperative adverse reactions, but has no significant effect on postoperative adverse reactions.

The use of psychotropic drugs in oncological diseases (review)

Background: It is estimated that at least 25-30% of cancer patients experience mental disorders. Due to the high prevalence of these disorders among this patient population, psychotropic drugs have been successfully utilized in oncology for an extended period of time. The use of psychotropic drugs enables targeted symptom management to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. However, it is essential to carefully evaluate the risks of drug interactions and potential side effects when prescribing any psychotropic medication. The aim of the study: The aim of this study was to analyze the utilization of psychopharmacotherapy in oncology practice for treating comorbid mental disorders and symptoms related to oncological diseases. An evaluation of the side effects and drug interactions of psychopharmacological and oncological drugs was conducted. Materials and methods: The eLibrary, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords “psychooncology” and “psychopharmacotherapy”. Reviews, meta-analyses, and therapy recommendations were selected from the obtained results, which provided the most comprehensive coverage of the current scientific data on this topic. Results: Anxiety disorders and depressive reactions are prevalent in cancer patients and can be successfully treated with psychopharmacological intervention. Additionally, symptoms associated with the oncological process or side effects of treatment such as anorexia, pain, and nausea can be alleviated through the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics. However, it is crucial to carefully evaluate the risks of drug interactions when prescribing any psychotropic drugs. For instance, strong cytochrome CYP2D6 inhibitors can lead to a decrease in the concentration of the active metabolite tamoxifen, while the combination of antidepressants and tramadol increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Conclusion: The application of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of cancer can greatly enhance the patients' quality of life. However, potential side effects and drug interactions must be carefully evaluated.

Features of depressive reactions in medical university students in wartime

Features of depressive reactions in medical university students in wartime

Dukungan Sosial Dengan Penerimaan Pada Orang Tua Yang Memiliki Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Social Support and Acceptance in Parents of Children with Special Needs)

Parents who are awarded a child with a diagnosis of special needs will feel sad and disappointed, the distrust they experience will give emotional reactions of anger, depression and bargaining in conditions that are not in accordance with their expectations. In these conditions dukungan sosial is needed to provide encouragement that is able to increase the acceptance of parents of children with special needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dukungan sosial dan penerimaan for parents who have children with special needs. The sample in this study were 73 parents who have children with special needs in Tulungagung. The sampling technique used is simple purpoive sampling using dukungan sosial dan penerimaan as a measuring tool. The analysis technique uses non parametric statistics. Based on the results of the study, the significance correlation rank spearman obtained was 0.275, which means that there is no relationship between dukungan sosial dan penerimaan for parents who have children with special needs. However, this research has a positive correlation.

The Influence of Personality Type D and Coping Strategies on Cognitive Functioning in Students.

Academic and emotional challenges faced by medical students can affect their psychological well-being and health. Personal characteristics may also predispose one to the manifestation of distress reactions. Individuals with type D personality have an increased tendency to develop depressive reactions and somatic diseases, including the presence of cognitive dysfunction. In students, the presence of cognitive dysfunction may additionally adversely affect academic and psycho-emotional problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of type D personality and coping strategies on cognitive functioning in medical students. A cross-sectional study included 258 medical students (age 19 ± 1.2 years, 79 men). All participants completed psychological questionnaires (DS-14 to identify type D personality, and The Coping Strategy Indication, CSI-to determine coping strategies), as well as extensive neuropsychological testing of cognitive functions. Among the medical students examined, the frequency of identification of type D personality was 44%. In persons with personality type D, according to psychometric testing, a decrease in the level of functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) was noted, which was manifested in an increase in the test completion time (p < 0.001) and an increase in the number of errors (p < 0.001) during the FMNP test, and an increase in the test completion time in the attention concentration test. In addition, in type D participants, an increase in the test execution time during the attention test was noted (p = 0.007). Personality type D was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline in students in multiple linear regression analysis, when type D was analyzed as a dichotomous construct. Assessing personal characteristics and identifying personality type D is advisable for medical students, to develop subsequent programs to increase their resistance to academic challenges, improve cognitive function, and also to prepare for future stress loads during professional activities in the field of healthcare.

An examination of the potential core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder: What is integral after removing general psychopathology & distress?

Many confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) have examined the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with some suggesting increased complexity (i.e., 6+ factors), while others suggesting a more refined structure (i.e., 2-factors). These competing PTSD structures may be due to conflation of non-trauma specific symptoms that have been added overtime. However, none of these studies examined if all symptoms being examined are specific to PTSD or potentially more related to general distress and psychopathology. The current study re-evaluated the structure of PTSD using bifactor exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the construct's core symptoms. Data for EFA models were taken from a sample of Veterans (N = 694) attending outpatient therapy for PTSD and were cross-validated using CFA in a sample of 297 Veterans attending residential treatment. Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) at pre-treatment was used across sample. Factor analyses resulted in a 2-factor, bifactor model comprised of eight total items. Model fit was robust, RMSEA = 0 [0.000, 0.036]; robust CFI = 1; robust TLI = 1.017. The bifactor analytic approach captured what might be the core structure of PTSD, which were pathognomonic symptoms of PTSD (Factor one). A distinct second factor related to depression was also found. In identifying this structure, the model eliminates redundancies and lesser performing items and differentiates depressive reactions as potentially distinct and separate. Overall, these findings may assist in future research of PTSD by determining the unique elements of the construct within a veteran sample versus associated features, general psychological distress, and comorbid psychopathology.

The experience of Thai adolescents with depression: A qualitative study.

People who have depression experience a maelstrom of emotion as they attempt to understand what is happening to them. While the experience has been quite extensively documented in adults and older individuals, there is a great deal less information available about adolescent depression experiences and reactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Thai-adolescents suffering from depression. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Fourteen adolescents were recruited from a secondary school in Chiangrai province, Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were carried out. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The following four themes were identified: (1) struggling to make sense of their situation, (2) feeling down and withdrawing, (3) contemplating self-harm and (4) therapy as a last choice. The results point to the continuing significance of promoting psychoeducation for Thai-adolescents with depression as well as parents, school nurses and health providers while eliminating stigma.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the manifestation and course of mental illness in elderly

IntroductionCOVID-19 is a multisystem disease affecting not only the respiratory, gastroenterstitial and vascular systems, but also the central nervous system, which leads to a wide range of neurological and mental complications. 3 years of experience in combating the pandemic has shown that elderly people burdened with chronic somatic diseases are the most vulnerable risk group for the development of severe course and complications of COVID-19.ObjectivesTo study the impact of COVID-19 on the onset and course of mental illness in elderly inpatientsMethodsWe examined 67 inpatients aged 50 to 95 years with various mental pathologies, who underwent COVID-19 from February 2020 to December 2021. 46 people had previous history of mentall disease (PHMD), in 21 cases the disease developed for the first time. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsIn the manifest group of patients, depressive episodes predominated (42.9%), including psychotic episodes (9.5%). In 28.6% of cases, organic disorders were diagnosed in the form of emotional lability, organic depression, mild cognitive impairment and delirium. In 23.8% of patients, neurotic disorders were observed in the form of depressive reactions, panic and generalized anxiety disorder. In one case (4.8%), acute polymorphic psychosis with symptoms of schizophrenia was diagnosed. The PHMD group includes affective disorders - 45.7%; organic disorders, including dementia 26.1%; schizophrenic spectrum disorders -19.6% and neurotic somatoform disorders - 8.7%. In the acute and subacute periods of COVID-19, acute psychotic states (APS) developed in both groups of patients (in 23.3% and 30.4%, respectively) in the form of delirium, psychotic depression, or polymorphic psychosis. APS were more common in PHMD patients with organic (50%) and schizophrenic spectrum disorders (33.3%) with a predominance of delirium. In the long-term period of COVID-19, PHMD patients more often than non-PHMD (60.9% and 38.1%) developed cognitive impairment (CI), especially in schizophrenia-like (77.8%) and organic (83.3%) disorders. CI developed twice as often after APS (89.5% and 39.6%, p&lt;0.001), reaching the degree of dementia in 15.8% of cases. APS were significantly associated (p&lt;0.05) with the development of CI (0.567733), the age of patients (0.410696) and the presence of previous cerebrovascular insufficiency (0.404916).ConclusionsThe age-related features of the mental consequences of COVID-19 are the occurrence of APS in the acute period of infection and the deterioration of cognitive activity at a remote stage. The PHMD patients, especially with disorders of organic and schizophrenic spectrum, were found to be more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. In them, the occurrence of APS was a risk factor for the development of dementia, while in primary diseased, and patients with affective and neurotic disorders, CI was reversible or had the character of a mild cognitive disorder.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Giant pandas in captivity undergo short-term adaptation in nerve-related pathways.

Behaviors in captive animals, including changes in appetite, activity level, and social interaction, are often seen as adaptive responses. However, these behaviors may become progressively maladaptive, leading to stress, anxiety, depression, and other negative reactions in animals. In this study, we investigated the whole-genome sequencing data of 39 giant panda individuals, including 11 in captivity and 28 in the wild. To eliminate the mountain range effect and focus on the factor of captivity only, we first performed a principal component analysis. We then enumerated the 21,474,180 combinations of wild giant pandas (11 chosen from 28) and calculated their distances from the 11 captive individuals. The 11 wild individuals with the closest distances were used for the subsequent analysis. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns demonstrated that the population was almost eliminated. We identified 505 robust selected genomic regions harboring at least one SNP, and the absolute frequency difference was greater than 0.6 between the two populations. GO analysis revealed that genes in these regions were mainly involved in nerve-related pathways. Furthermore, we identified 22 GO terms for which the selection strength significantly differed between the two populations, and there were 10 nerve-related pathways among them. Genes in the differentially abundant regions were involved in nerve-related pathways, indicating that giant pandas in captivity underwent minor genomic selection. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between genetic variation and chromatin conformation structures. We found that nucleotide diversity (θπ) in the captive population was correlated with chromatin conformation structures, which included A/B compartments, topologically associated domains (TADs) and TAD-cliques. For each GO term, we then compared the expression level of genes regulated by the above four factors (AB index, TAD intactness, TAD clique and PEI) with the corresponding genomic background. The retained 10 GO terms were all coordinately regulated by the four factors, and three of them were associated with nerve-related pathways. This study revealed that giant pandas in captivity undergo short-term adaptation in nerve-related pathways. Furthermore, it provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation under short-term adaptation to environmental change.

Examining interactions of illness perceptions, avoidance behavior and patient status in predicting quality of life among people with irritable bowel syndrome

ABSTRACT Background: Illness perceptions (IPs) and avoidance behavior both predict quality of life (QoL) in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study examined whether the effects of IPs on QoL are mediated by avoidance behaviors, and whether this mediation is moderated by participant treatment-seeking status. Methods: People with self-reported IBS (n = 253) answered a survey assessing QoL, IPs, avoidance behaviors, and treatment-seeking status. Moderated-mediation analyses investigated the paths from IPs through avoidance behaviors to QoL, with treatment-seeking status entered as a moderator. Results: The final moderated mediation model included the IPs consequences, timeline and emotional representations as independent variables and avoidance behavior and depressive reactions as mediators. This model explained 68.6% of the variance in QoL. Among treatment-seeking participants five significant mediation effects were found, whereas only one significant mediation effect was found among participants who did not report seeking treatment. Conclusions: IPs seem to drive avoidant behavioral responses to IBS symptoms, which in turn predict reductions in QoL. These relationships seem more pronounced among people who seek treatment for their symptoms. In practice, health care practitioners might help improve the QoL of people with IBS by preventing or remedying the development of negative IPs and avoidance behaviors.

Cohort Profile: The China Severe Trauma Cohort (CSTC).

We sought to establish a prospective hospital-based cohort, featuring detailed multidimensional data of trauma patients with active follow-ups, which can be a reliable data source for all studies focusing on the effects or underlying mechanistic pathways of environmental and biological factors on multiple interested trauma-related outcomes, particularly the incidence and trajectory of trauma-related psychopathology, in a Chinese population. The China Severe Trauma Cohort (CSTC) enrolled all traumatized individuals aged 12 to 80 years admitted to the Trauma Center of West China Hospital between March 1st, 2020 and July 8th, 2022. The bio-sample and detailed questionnaire data were collected at recruitment, and phone/internet follow-ups were scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the baseline. Long-term health outcomes are planned to be obtained from administrative databases through data linkage. A total of 2,500 trauma patients were enrolled (response rate = 87.1%) with an average age of 46.01 years, and most of the participants were males (62.6%). The proportions of participants with blood and fecal sample collected at baseline were 93.8% and 66.3%, respectively. As of August 31st, 2022, the follow-up rate was 90.0%, 77.0%, 76.5%, and 89.0% for 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Fall/wrench (47.6%) and traffic accident (26.2%) were the top causes of current trauma. The most common psychopathology at recruitment was sleep disturbance (39.4%), followed by depression (22.6%), anxiety (18.2%), and acute stress reaction (7.8%), all of which showed recovering trajectories during the follow-up period, particularly the first 3 months after baseline. CSTC provides a platform with multidimensional data to study both short-term and long-term trauma-related health consequences, prompting early identification and intervention for individuals with high risk of health decline after trauma exposures.

Порушення соціального функціонування у хворих з депресивними розладами в умовах стресу війни

The psychotraumatic factors that occurred during the war of 2022-2023 significantly affect the exacerbation / onset and manifestations of depressive syndrome (DS) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and neurotic depressive disorders (NDD), as well as worsen the level of social functioning (SF) of patients. Objective. To study the SF impairment in patients with DS in patients with SSD and NDD, and the relationship between the stress factors and the exacerbation of psychopathological symptoms and their severity in these patients. Methods and materials. There was conducted psychopathological examination of 92 patients with SSD (schizophrenia, Sch and schizoaffective disorder, SchAD) and neurotic DR (recurrent depression, RD and depressive reaction as adjustment disorders, AD) who experienced severe stress during the war. Results. In the research the largest number of patients were women (60.9% of cases). Among patients aged 18 - 25 years, majority of cases was the patients with AD (46.2%), in the group of 26 - 35 years - with SSD (50,0% with Sch and with SchAD). The vast majority of RD cases were presented among patients aged 36-50 years. Depressive syndrome significantly prevailed in patients with RD, and depressive-phobic syndrome in patients with AD. Whereas, depressive-delusional syndrome was most often diagnosed in patients with SSD. Among all examined patient’s reactive exacerbation of the main disease (in case of SSD and RD), as well as the development of RA occurred as a result of a significant impact of stress factors of different content, but related to the war in all cases.The most frequent of these were the feeling of "war fatigue", uncertainty and/or hopelessness about the future (in general 82% of patients with RD and RA); difficulties during evacuation, caused a strong increase in family conflicts, especially in patients with SSD (57.9% of cases in general) and RA; significant reduction of money for life. The impairment of SF in patients with various mental disorders and DS as a result of war-related stressors was mainly manifested in significant difficulty in daily professional and household duties (91.3% of all patients); the feeling of social support lacks and loneliness; frequent and/or prolonged interpersonal conflicts; as well as a strong financial problem. Other psychopathological features associated with DS that develop under the war stress influence and worsened the level of patients' SF were sleep disturbances (97.8% of cases) with a significant direct correlation with a significant difficulty in daily activities; self-disbelief and hopelessness, as well as the emergence or strong increasing of suicidal thoughts were noted by more than 80% of the examined patients (36.0% of patients with NDDs had suicide attempts or self-injurirs - most often in AD); constant fatigue (80.0% of patients with NDDs). Conclusion. Understanding the impact of war-related stressors on the manifestations of DS, and the features and level of SF impairment need the use of treatment and rehabilitation complex for patients with DS (with SSD and NDD) who have experienced a severe psychotraumatic situation. It will allow timely and effective treatment of reactive states (relapses of psychotic episodes), take to account into the severity and characteristics of DS, and the content and severity of stressful effects in order to achieve remission, restore social adaptation of patients, and reduce the risk of self-destructive or aggressive behavior of them.

ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ НА ОТДАЛЁННЫХ ЭТАПАХ И ИХ ПСИХОТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕКЦИЯ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

The need to analyze the literature to study information about the psycho-emotional consequences of cancer in children and adolescents at long-term stages, as well as their psychotherapeutic correction, is dictated by the high prevalence of mental disorders in the long-term period and insufficient knowledge of the possibility of their compensation. Purpose: to analyze the literature to study the psycho-emotional consequences of cancer in patients who suffered cancer in childhood or adolescence, as well as the psychotherapeutic correction of these patients. General information. Stress factors associated with cancer cause many psychological problems and affect all aspects of a child’s life, including causing serious changes in the emotional, cognitive, personal and behavioral spheres. Many emerging disorders persist even in the stage of long-term remission, causing a decrease in the quality of life and difficulties in social adaptation. In pediatric patients, the condition is characterized by pronounced asthenia, emotional instability, a large number of fears, and aggressive manifestations. neurocognitive disorders, difficulty learning, mastering new skills, problems with memory, concentration and attention, speed of information processing, depression. Also often mentioned: fear of illness, low self-esteem, difficulty returning to school and to a group of emotionally significant peers, dependence on adults who care for them during treatment, behavioral deviations, sleep disorders, more frequent depressive reactions, increased anxiety, change perception of the world and oneself in it and much more. Psychotherapeutic correction in combination with psychopharmacotherapy shows itself to be the most effective. In some cases, psychotherapeutic effects used as monotherapy are effective. Psychotherapy for conditions caused by stress is based on pathogenetic principles based on the psychology of relationships. The goal of psychotherapeutic work with adolescents and children with cancer is, first of all, prevention and correction of psychopathological reactions. Individual psychotherapy, which allows you to devote more time and attention to the child than group work, is proving to be the most effective in practice today. Among the many psychotherapeutic techniques used in the structure of assistance to children and adolescents, the most widely used are body-oriented therapy, short-term interpersonal therapy, and art therapy. To reduce the incidence of mental pathology after illness and achieve its maximum compensation, a multidisciplinary approach is required.

Порушення соціального функціонування у хворих з депресиівними розладами в умовах стресу війни

Abstract The psychotraumatic factors that occurred during the war of 2022-2023 significantly affect the exacerbation / onset and manifestations of depressive syndrome (DS) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and neurotic depressive disorders (NDD), as well as worsen the level of social functioning (SF) of patients. Objective. To study the SF impairment in patients with DS in patients with SSD and NDD, and the relationship between the stress factors and the exacerbation of psychopathological symptoms and their severity in these patients. Methods and materials. There was conducted psychopathological examination of 92 patients with SSD (schizophrenia, Sch and schizoaffective disorder, SchAD) and neurotic DR (recurrent depression, RD and depressive reaction as adjustment disorders, AD) who experienced severe stress during the war. Results. In the research the largest number of patients were women (60.9% of cases). Among patients aged 18 - 25 years, majority of cases was the patients with AD (46.2%), in the group of 26 - 35 years - with SSD (50,0% with Sch and with SchAD). The vast majority of RD cases were presented among patients aged 36-50 years. Depressive syndrome significantly prevailed in patients with RD, and depressive-phobic syndrome in patients with AD. Whereas, depressive-delusional syndrome was most often diagnosed in patients with SSD. Among all examined patient’s reactive exacerbation of the main disease (in case of SSD and RD), as well as the development of RA occurred as a result of a significant impact of stress factors of different content, but related to the war in all cases.The most frequent of these were the feeling of "war fatigue", uncertainty and/or hopelessness about the future (in general 82% of patients with RD and RA); difficulties during evacuation, caused a strong increase in family conflicts, especially in patients with SSD (57.9% of cases in general) and RA; significant reduction of money for life. The impairment of SF in patients with various mental disorders and DS as a result of war-related stressors was mainly manifested in significant difficulty in daily professional and household duties (91.3% of all patients); the feeling of social support lacks and loneliness; frequent and/or prolonged interpersonal conflicts; as well as a strong financial problem. Other psychopathological features associated with DS that develop under the war stress influence and worsened the level of patients' SF were sleep disturbances (97.8% of cases) with a significant direct correlation with a significant difficulty in daily activities; self-disbelief and hopelessness, as well as the emergence or strong increasing of suicidal thoughts were noted by more than 80% of the examined patients (36.0% of patients with NDDs had suicide attempts or self-injurirs - most often in AD); constant fatigue (80.0% of patients with NDDs). Conclusion. Understanding the impact of war-related stressors on the manifestations of DS, and the features and level of SF impairment need the use of treatment and rehabilitation complex for patients with DS (with SSD and NDD) who have experienced a severe psychotraumatic situation. It will allow timely and effective treatment of reactive states (relapses of psychotic episodes), take to account into the severity and characteristics of DS, and the content and severity of stressful effects in order to achieve remission, restore social adaptation of patients, and reduce the risk of self-destructive or aggressive behavior of them.

Delocalized Isoelectronic Heterostructured FeCoOxSy Catalysts with Tunable Electron Density for Accelerated Sulfur Redox Kinetics in Li‐S batteries

AbstractHigh interconversion energy barriers, depressive reaction kinetics of sulfur species, and sluggish Li+ transport inhibit the wide development of high‐energy‐density lithium sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Herein, differing from random mixture of selected catalysts, the composite catalyst with outer delocalized isoelectronic heterostructure (DIHC) is proposed and optimized, enhancing the catalytic efficiency for decreasing related energy barriers. As a proof‐of‐content, the FeCoOxSy composites with different degrees of sulfurization are fabricated by regulating atoms ratio between O and S. The relationship of catalytic efficiency and principal mechanism in DIHCs are deeply understood from electrochemical experiments to in situ/operando spectral spectroscopies i.e., Raman, XRD and UV/Vis. Consequently, the polysulfide conversion and Li2S precipitation/dissolution experiments strongly demonstrate the volcano‐like catalytic efficiency of various DIHCs. Furthermore, the FeCoOxSy‐decorated cell delivers the high performance (1413 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1). Under the low electrolyte/sulfur ratio, the high loading cell stabilizes the areal capacity of 6.67 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 A g−1. Impressively, even resting for about 17 days for possible polysulfide shuttling, the high‐mass‐loading FeCoOxSy‐decorated cell stabilizes the same capacity, showing the practical application of the DIHCs in improving catalytic efficiency and reaching high electrochemical performance.

Delocalized Isoelectronic Heterostructured FeCoOx Sy Catalysts with Tunable Electron Density for Accelerated Sulfur Redox Kinetics in Li-S batteries.

High interconversion energy barriers, depressive reaction kinetics of sulfur species, and sluggish Li+ transport inhibit the wide development of high-energy-density lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, differing from random mixture of selected catalysts, the composite catalyst with outer delocalized isoelectronic heterostructure (DIHC) is proposed and optimized, enhancing the catalytic efficiency for decreasing related energy barriers. As a proof-of-content, the FeCoOx Sy composites with different degrees of sulfurization are fabricated by regulating atoms ratio between O and S. The relationship of catalytic efficiency and principal mechanism in DIHCs are deeply understood from electrochemical experiments to in situ/operando spectral spectroscopies i.e., Raman, XRD and UV/Vis. Consequently, the polysulfide conversion and Li2 S precipitation/dissolution experiments strongly demonstrate the volcano-like catalytic efficiency of various DIHCs. Furthermore, the FeCoOx Sy -decorated cell delivers the high performance (1413 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 ). Under the low electrolyte/sulfur ratio, the high loading cell stabilizes the areal capacity of 6.67 mAh cm-2 at 0.2 A g-1 . Impressively, even resting for about 17 days for possible polysulfide shuttling, the high-mass-loading FeCoOx Sy -decorated cell stabilizes the same capacity, showing the practical application of the DIHCs in improving catalytic efficiency and reaching high electrochemical performance.