Care Actions Research Articles

The Formation Mechanism of Altruistic Behavior

Altruism entails the principle and actions of caring about the welfare and joy of fellow humans or animals. Previous studies have been conducted on altruism and altruism, which has been a moral question studied by psychologists for a long time. This paper shows the literature review of many specific aspects of altruism. It presents the definition and basic descriptions of altruism with altruistic behaviors of people, diverse types of altruism with specific examples in our daily life, different explanations about the motivations of people to form altruistic behaviors, current evidence conducted around human infants to support the existence of pure altruism, as well as several researches on the effect of gender difference in the area. The results can inspire the practice and research of altruism. Based on these results, by better understanding altruism, we may apply altruism in our lives in a better way.

Correction to: Using nonhuman culture in conservation requires careful and concerted action

Correction to: Using nonhuman culture in conservation requires careful and concerted action

Understanding the pore size distribution of Ca(OH)2 for effective desulfurization under low-to-medium temperatures

The pore size distribution plays a crucial role in the gas-solid desulfurization reaction of Ca(OH)2, yet its impact on desulfurization performance is not fully understood, especially in low-to-medium temperature range (100–400 °C). This study examined the diffusion and adsorption characteristics of SO2 in Ca(OH)2 pores with different sizes by Monte Carlo Simulation and Molecular Dynamics Methods. The reaction kinetics of desulfurization for samples with different pore structures were analyzed based on TGA data and linear regression. It is found that the adsorption of SO2 on Ca(OH)2 was mainly induced by electrostatic interaction. Pores with the size of 5–15 nm were most favorable for SO2 adsorption, with the maximum adsorption heat of 464.83 kJ/mol at 5 nm. When the pore size increased, the diffusion of SO2 was improved, but the distribution of SO2 became more scattered, resulting in an adverse effect on the desulphurization reaction. The desulphurization process can be divided into the surface reaction controlled stage and product layer diffusion controlled stage. The desulphurization ability was primarily contributed by the reaction controlled stage, in which Ca2+ migration resistance was the least. Pore structure was a crucial factor in determining the duration of the reaction controlled stage. The presence of 15–30 nm pores was of significant importance for this stage. Yet in the diffusion controlled stage, pores size of ≥30 nm was much more important than other sizes to improve the Ca2+ diffusion. This study shows that a reasonable pore size combination facilitates the diffusion of SO2 and its reaction with Ca2+.

Nurse caring with the Swanson Theory Approach and patient satisfaction in class 3 inpatient room

Patient satisfaction is crucial in nursing services and could be influenced by nurses' caring behavior. This study aimed to discover the relationship between Swanson's caring nurse approach and patient satisfaction in the 3rd-grade inpatient room. This quantitative descriptive research employed an explanatory survey with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling is the sampling technique used in this research, with a total of 73 participants. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test, and data were collected using an instrument. The results indicated that 47 responders (64.4%) perceived that nurses' caring behavior was not good. Specific indicators revealed that “maintaining belief” was not good for 39 respondents (53%), “knowing” for 53 (73%), “being with” for 45 respondents (62%), “doing for” for 48 respondents (66%), and “enabling” for 49 respondents (67%). Regarding patient satisfaction, 43 people (58.9%) expressed being quite satisfied. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between caring nurses and patient satisfaction, with a p-value of 0.000 or p<0.05. It was recommended that nurses in the inpatient room incorporate improvements in caring behavior into nursing planning and goals. Policies related to the obligation of providing caring actions should be established to enhance patient satisfaction. Nurses were encouraged to consistently apply caring principles, including “maintaining belief”, “knowing”, “being with”, “doing for”, and “enabling”, to ensure patients were satisfied with their care experience.

Gerakan Sosial Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Perspektif Struktural Fungsional (Kontribusi Benua Lestari Indonesia di Kota Tanggerang)

Basically, the relationship between nature and humans is an interdependent relationship with each other. A balanced relationship between nature and humans can form a good system. However, the fact is that environmental problems occur in various regions in Indonesia. People's habit of exploiting ingrained nature makes nature and the environment worse. The main idea in this study is the realization of the balance of the relationship between humans and nature through the formation of a social movement for environmental conservation. This study aims to review the existence of social movements and contributions in building environmental conservation and improving sustainable ecosystems. This research uses the knife analysis of sociological of human ecology, namely a functional structural perspective. This research uses a literature method that contains theories related to the problem under study and literature studies from various studies. The sources of data used in this study are scientific articles and previous research. The results showed that the social movement for environmental conservation carried out by the Sustainable Continent of Indonesia together with the people of Tanggerang City through concrete actions to care for the environment is a manifestation of the balance of the system between humans and nature as meant by a functional structural perspective. Ecosystem care actions are carried out in an effort to preserve the environment and pay attention to environmental sustainability for common life. The social movement of environmental conservation carried out in Tanggerang City can be an example of good implementation of nature for all Indonesian people.

Climate Advocacy in “Ice Age”: A Cinematic Journey towards Environmental Consciousness

The comedy plot and lovable characters of the animated film series “Ice Age” have captured the attention of viewers all over the world. Beneath its pleasant exterior, though, is a potent story that quietly promotes environmental care and climate action. This essay investigates the thematic components of climate advocacy found in the “Ice Age” films, looking at how they encourage action and increase public awareness of urgent environmental challenges. This study examines the film’s impact on promoting a better awareness of climate change and the significance of collective action in protecting the future of our world. It does this through analyzing important plot points, character dynamics, and visual symbolism.

Visual impairment burden in retinopathy of prematurity: trends, inequalities, and improvement gaps.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of avoidable childhood visual impairment, and the increase in number and survival of premature infants may inflate its burden globally. We aimed to comprehensivelyassess the trends and inequalities in the burden of ROP-related visual impairment and to identify improvement gaps to facilitate appropriate actions in neonatal care systems.We obtained ROP data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We employed joinpoint regression analysis to assess the trends of the burden of ROP-related visual impairment, measured by age-standardised prevalence rates, health equity analysis methods to evaluate cross-country burden inequalities, and data envelopment and stochastic frontier analyses to identify improvement gaps based on the development status, i.e., sociodemographic index (SDI).Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardised prevalence rates of ROP-related visual impairmentsignificantly increased worldwide (average annual percentage change: 0.23 [95% confidenceinterval, 0.21-0.26] among males and 0.26 [0.25-0.27] among females), primarily in developed regions. Although significant SDI-related cross-country inequalities were identified, these reduced over time (slope index of inequality: -57.74 [-66.22 to -49.25] in 1990 to -29.68 [-38.39 to -20.97] in 2019; health concentration index: -0.11 [-0.13 to -0.09] in 1990 to -0.07 [-0.09 to -0.06] in 2019). Notably, some less-developed countries exhibited superior performance despite limited resources, whereas others with a higher SDI delivered lagging performance. Conclusion: The global burden of ROP-related visual impairment has steadily increased between 1990 and 2019, with disproportionate burden concentration among less-developed countries, requiring appropriate preventive and intervention measures. What is Known: • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of avoidable childhood visual impairment. • The prevalence of ROP is anticipated to increase due to the growing number of extremely premature infants. What is New: • The prevalence of ROP-related visual impairment has increased worldwide, primarily in developed regions, with declining but persisting cross-country inequalities. • The increasing burden of ROP-related visual impairment should be considered as part of global and national health agendas, requiring interventions with proven efficacy.

Assessment of differentially private synthetic data for utility and fairness in end-to-end machine learning pipelines for tabular data.

Differentially private (DP) synthetic datasets are a solution for sharing data while preserving the privacy of individual data providers. Understanding the effects of utilizing DP synthetic data in end-to-end machine learning pipelines impacts areas such as health care and humanitarian action, where data is scarce and regulated by restrictive privacy laws. In this work, we investigate the extent to which synthetic data can replace real, tabular data in machine learning pipelines and identify the most effective synthetic data generation techniques for training and evaluating machine learning models. We systematically investigate the impacts of differentially private synthetic data on downstream classification tasks from the point of view of utility as well as fairness. Our analysis is comprehensive and includes representatives of the two main types of synthetic data generation algorithms: marginal-based and GAN-based. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that: (i) proposes a training and evaluation framework that does not assume that real data is available for testing the utility and fairness of machine learning models trained on synthetic data; (ii) presents the most extensive analysis of synthetic dataset generation algorithms in terms of utility and fairness when used for training machine learning models; and (iii) encompasses several different definitions of fairness. Our findings demonstrate that marginal-based synthetic data generators surpass GAN-based ones regarding model training utility for tabular data. Indeed, we show that models trained using data generated by marginal-based algorithms can exhibit similar utility to models trained using real data. Our analysis also reveals that the marginal-based synthetic data generated using AIM and MWEM PGM algorithms can train models that simultaneously achieve utility and fairness characteristics close to those obtained by models trained with real data.

Voice Disorder, Job Stress, and COVID-19 in Teachers: Impacts in Times of Pandemic

Introduction. The conditions of teachers' work during the COVID-19 pandemic affected teachers' lives regarding voice disorder and stress, even in emergency remote classroom situation. Objective. To analyze the relationship between the presence of voice disorder, job stress, and COVID-19 in teachers when in emergency remote classroom teaching situation at the time of the pandemic. Method. This is a primary, exploratory, observational cross-sectional study with the use of survey forwarded online during the period of emergency classes after the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The teachers answered the sociodemographic questions about the presence of COVID-19 and the following instruments: Condition of Vocal Production-Teacher [Condição de Produção Vocal - Professor (CPV-P)], Screening Index for Voice Disorder (SIVD), and Job Stress Scale (JSS). Results. Of the 118 teachers analyzed, 94.1% were female; the average age was 44 years. The SIVD recorded the presence of voice disorder in 66.9% of the participants. Regarding the JSS, which are the findings related to stress at work in the demand domain, the teachers showed high levels, a fact which presupposes the existence of pressure of psychological nature to perform their work. Conclusion. The teachers self-reported the presence of voice disorder even in remote class situation, on the occasion of COVID-19, which were more common in older teachers. When comparing the presence of voice disorders, coronavirus symptoms, and stress domains in relation to demand, control, and social support, there was no significance. It is hoped that this study will help to reflect on the need to improve teachers' working conditions, strengthening work-related voice disorder actions and guiding actions for vocal care and well-being.

Characteristics of self-management education and support programmes for people with chronic diseases delivered by primary care teams: a rapid review

BackgroundPrimary care actors can play a major role in developing and promoting access to Self-Management Education and Support (SMES) programmes for people with chronic disease. We reviewed studies on SMES programmes in primary care by focusing on the following dimensions: models of SMES programmes in primary care, SMES team’s composition, and participants’ characteristics.MethodsFor this mixed-methods rapid review, we searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles in English and French that assessed a SMES programme in primary care for four main chronic diseases (diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and/or respiratory chronic disease) and published between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2021. We excluded articles on non-original research and reviews. We evaluated the quality of the selected studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We reported the study results following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsWe included 68 studies in the analysis. In 46/68 studies, a SMES model was described by focusing mainly on the organisational dimension (n = 24). The Chronic Care Model was the most used organisational model (n = 9). Only three studies described a multi-dimension model. In general, the SMES team was composed of two healthcare providers (mainly nurses), and partnerships with community actors were rarely reported. Participants were mainly patients with only one chronic disease. Only 20% of the described programmes took into account multimorbidity. Our rapid review focused on two databases and did not identify the SMES programme outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the limited implication of community actors and the infrequent inclusion of multimorbidity in the SMES programmes, despite the recommendations to develop a more interdisciplinary approach in SMES programmes. This rapid review identified areas of improvement for SMES programme development in primary care, especially the privileged place of nurses in their promotion.Trial registrationPROSPERO 2021 CRD42021268290.

Compensation Method for Missing and Misidentified Skeletons in Nursing Care Action Assessment by Improving Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks.

With the increasing aging population, nursing care providers have been facing a substantial risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Visual-based pose estimation methods, like OpenPose, are commonly used for ergonomic posture risk assessment. However, these methods face difficulty when identifying overlapping and interactive nursing tasks, resulting in missing and misidentified skeletons. To address this, we propose a skeleton compensation method using improved spatial temporal graph convolutional networks (ST-GCN), which integrates kinematic chain and action features to assess skeleton integrity and compensate for it. The results verified the effectiveness of our approach in optimizing skeletal loss and misidentification in nursing care tasks, leading to improved accuracy in calculating both skeleton joint angles and REBA scores. Moreover, comparative analysis against other skeleton compensation methods demonstrated the superior performance of our approach, achieving an 87.34% REBA accuracy score. Collectively, our method might hold promising potential for optimizing the skeleton loss and misidentification in nursing care tasks.

P335 Development and validation of a Belgian set of quality indicators for inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract Background Quality indicators are standardized, evidence-based measures of health care quality, categorised as structure (to assess the care setting), process (to assess high-quality care actions by healthcare professionals) or outcome indicators (results of actions undertaken by healthcare professionals). Several quality indicator sets have been developed to standardise, measure and optimise IBD care. Our aim was to develop and validate a set to assess IBD care in Belgium and to select a subset of indicators with room for improvement that can be used to implement and improve care in clinical practice. Methods The importance of 221 quality indicators (49 structure, 135 process and 37 outcome) identified through literature was scored on a 10-point Likert scale in a two-round modified Delphi exercise by IBD experts. In a third round, the experts indicated and ranked their top 10 indicators with most room for improvement benefitting the patient in the Belgian healthcare system to agree on an improvement subset. In parallel, patient perspectives were collected through two linguistic patient focus groups, one in Flemish (6 participants) and one in French (4 participants). A final consensus meeting was organised to discuss 1) the patient perspectives gained through the focus groups, 2) the results of two Delphi scoring rounds and 3) the results of the additional ranking round. Indicators scoring ≥7 by ≥80% of the participants during the second scoring round, or based on agreement during the consensus meeting, were included in the final set. Results Thirty-two experts (11 IBD nurses and 21 clinicians including 2 paediatricians) participated in all three voting rounds, of which 19 also participated in the consensus meeting (6 IBD nurses and 13 IBD clinicians including 2 IBD paediatricians). In total, 199 quality indicators were agreed upon to assess IBD care in Belgium (41 structure, 123 process and 35 outcome). Eighteen (3 structure, 14 process and 1 outcome; Table) were retained in the improvement subset, related to patient characteristics, endoscopy guidelines, infection prevention, steroid use, the IBD care team, services provided in the IBD clinic, the documentation of patient characteristics, the care pathway and the monitoring of disease activity. The decision to include the latter five themes was driven by the importance to patients, which was evident from the patient focus groups. Conclusion An evidence and consensus based set of quality indicators was developed and validated - including an improvement subset - allowing Belgian IBD centres to evaluate quality of provided care, set up quality improvement projects and potentially launch a benchmarking study.

Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e National Health Service (NHS)

The work is a comparative analysis combined with an exploratory research methodology between the Unified Health System (SUS) and the National Health Service (NHS) in relation to actions for public health care. The integrative review was performed by searching for articles in the Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the descriptors: Unified Health System (SUS), Collective Health, Public Health. The descriptors were crossed with the quantitative variables contained in the Brazilian (DATASUS) and the British (DATASETS NHS Digital).

Construction and Validation of a Simulation Scenario for Teaching Family-Focused Care in Pediatric Oncology.

Clinical simulation can be a promising teaching strategy to help nurses develop behaviors that improve family care actions, promoting safe and high-quality care. The objective of this study was to build, validate, and test a simulation scenario in pediatric oncology family-focused care (FFC) following an initial diagnosis of cancer. It is a six-step methodological study based on the philosophy of Family-Centered Care (FCC), with a user-centered design. The evaluators established a Content Validity Index (CVI) > 0.8 for validation. Pilot testing included the Simulation Design Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. A total of 35 experts participated in this study. All 19 items in the scenario were validated and considered relevant, in a single round, with the item-level CVI ranging between 0.8 and 1 and a scale-level CVI of 0.92. The high-fidelity developed and validated clinical simulation scenario is a consistent tool for the education of advanced practice nurses.

Carbonation kinetics of calcium-based solids at the centimeter scale for moving bed applications

Countercurrent moving bed reactors were recently proposed to capture CO2 from dispersed sources using calcium materials. Due to disparities with Calcium Looping systems in particle size and solids residence times, additional investigations are required to identify reaction controlling steps and kinetic parameters. This study examines the carbonation reaction of centimeter-scale CaO and Ca(OH)2-derived-CaO pebbles under conditions relevant to moving bed applications. To this end, the impact of carbonation temperature (450–650 °C) and CO2 concentration in the inlet gas (2.5–7.5 %v) was evaluated in TGA, employing particle sizes from 0.26 to 1.65 cm. The obtained results were fitted to a shrinking core model where the rate-determining step is CO2 diffusion through the gas volume that occupies the pores of the solid CaCO3-rich layer formed during carbonation. The experimental findings can be predicted using the effective porosity of the materials as the sole fitting parameter.

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN GERONTIK PADA GANGGUAN KOGNITIF DEMENSIA DENGAN BRAIN GYM EXERCISE DI UPT PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANJUT USIA BINJAI

Background:According to the World Health Organization(WHO,2018),approximately 50 million people suffer from dementia,with nearly 60%residing in low and middle-income countries.Each year, there are almost 10 milion new cases.The total number of dementia patients worldwide is projected to reach 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050.Dementia is a symptom of declining memory. thinking,behavior,and the ability to perform daily activities.An individual is considered to have dementia when experiencing mental disturbances in at least two brain functions.One effort to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly is by engaging in Brain Gym Exercise. Method: This research is a case study with a descriptive research design following the nursing care process for the elderly.The focus of this case study is on two elderly individuals diagnosed with dementia.Study subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,then an intervention was conducted for 3 days by providing nursing care action in the form of Brain Gym Exercise for 15 minutes once a day.Data collection was done through interviews,observations,and nursing care.Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Exam(MMSE)instrument. Results: After conducting Brain Gym Exercise for 15 minutes once a day for the two elderly respondents,the research results indicated that brain exercises can enhance cognitive function in elderly dementia patients,as shown by increased MMSE scores in both study subjects. Conclusion: After a 3-day brain exercise intervention,the MMSE scores increased within the range of 0-17,and both respondents were able to perform it.

Ações de cuidado e diagnósticos de enfermagem ao paciente com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea: translação do conhecimento

Abstract Objective to map diagnoses and nursing actions for the care of adult patients with extracorporeal oxygenation membrane, considering a protocol and a computerized prescription system and the inclusion of new care actions, in a process of translating knowledge to clinical practice. Methods descriptive and exploratory study, with cross-mapping between a care protocol and a computerized system of at a university hospital, from 2014 to 2018. Two meetings were held with the nursing manager and members of the extracorporeal oxygenation membrane team to validate the actions. Results most common diagnoses used in the 45 medical records of patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were: Risk of infection (100%); Impaired spontaneous ventilation (93.33%); Self-care deficit syndrome (93.33%). Conclusion and implications for practice The mapping included 25 new actions, associated with 14 nursing diagnoses in the computerized system, aiming to disseminate knowledge and its application in real care for patients with extracorporeal oxygenation membrane.

Counterspells in the pandemic: art and body in care actions in occupational therapy

O artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa de doutorado que cartografa o campo da Terapia Ocupacional na interface com o corpo, as artes e a cultura, por meio das trajetórias, ações e mobilizações de 12 terapeutas ocupacionais entrevistadas. Trabalhamos com o método de pesquisa-intervenção da cartografia. A pesquisa integra o acontecimento pandêmico, mapeia as ações desenvolvidas nesse período e analisa as contribuições das práticas com arte e corpo em um contexto de isolamento radical e de enfraquecimento da potência vital. Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas das iniciativas desenvolvidas por duas das profissionais entrevistadas, visibilizando suas reinvenções nesse período e analisando as contribuições das práticas diante dos impactos da pandemia na vida das pessoas. Destaca-se a potência da criatividade, a mobilização de outras formas de afetação por meio das experimentações artísticas, bem como a produção de relações que os dispositivos grupais permitem.

Care actions and nursing diagnoses for patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: knowledge translation

Resumo Objetivo mapear diagnósticos e ações de enfermagem para o cuidado ao paciente adulto com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, considerando um protocolo e um sistema informatizado de prescrição e a inclusão de novas ações de cuidados, em um processo de translação do conhecimento à prática clínica. Métodos estudo descritivo e exploratório, com mapeamento cruzado entre um protocolo assistencial e sistema informatizado de um hospital universitário, no período de 2014 a 2018. Foram realizados dois encontros com a chefia de enfermagem e membros do time de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea para validar as ações. Resultados diagnósticos mais comuns utilizados nos 45 prontuários dos pacientes com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea foram: Risco de infecção (100%); Ventilação espontânea prejudicada (93,33%); Síndrome do déficit de autocuidado (93,33%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática o mapeamento incluiu 25 novas ações associadas a 14 diagnósticos de enfermagem no sistema informatizado, visando a disseminação do conhecimento e sua aplicação em cuidados reais a pacientes com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

Constrangimentos e incentivos financeiros para a prevenção e o controle da obesidade no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract The present study aimed to analyze how these changes, both at the national and state levels, could affect the conditions of the implementation of obesity prevention and control (OCP) actions in primary health care (PHC) in the Rio de Janeiro State from 2014 to 2021. This study was based on policy analysis methods that emphasize the understanding of the implementation contexts, as well as the induction mechanisms and government incentives for the development of actions and integration of two projects that analyzed the OPC actions in PHC in the 92 municipalities of RJS between 2014 and 2018 (PPSUS-RJS) and between 2019 and 2021 (PEO-RJS). The results indicate that, by 2016, it was possible to observe the positive impacts of the structuring of PHC and the federal induction mechanisms in RJS. However, inflections in the expansion and funding of PHC contributed to the weakening of units, teams, and strategies, and led to retraction of resources for both state and municipal actions. Between 2016-2018, RJS’s political and financial scenario deteriorated due to national crises, and the positive counterpoints since then were the induction mechanisms and federal resources that remained, in addition to the technical areas of the RJS-HD and state co-financing resources.