Reaction Of Soil Solution Research Articles

The relationship of nitrogen nutrition conditions with the productivity of Tamasha potatoes

The article presents the results of three-year (2015-2017) studies research on the influence of nitrogen nutrition conditions on the productivity and quality of potatoes variety Tamasha. The studies were carried out on dark brown heavy loamy carbonate soils of Central Kazakhstan with a humus content of 2.73-2.79 %, total nitrogen - 0.147-0.172 %, total phosphorus - 0.20-0.25 %, with a high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium, low content of nitrate nitrogen, slightly alkaline reaction of soil solution. Studies have shown a high responsiveness of potatoes to nitrogen fertilizers. According to the results of the research, a high correlation between potato productivity and the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil (R=0.85-0.96) was revealed, the optimal level of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer was determined for Tamasha potatoes - 17-19 mg/kg. The increased nitrogen content of nitrates in the soil slightly reduced the starchiness of potatoes.

Mycological composition of soils in Kuban rice agrocenoses as a biotic component for their health

Studies of the water-physical, physical-chemical and biological properties of meadow-chernozem soils were carried out on a rice irrigation system located in the present-day delta of the Kuban River. Rice meadow-chernozem soils have good water and general physical properties of humus layers. An increase in compaction is observed in the lower horizons of these soils. Meadow-chernozem soils are distinguished by low content of organic matter in arable horizons (3,2-3,4 %), neutral reaction of soil solution (рН 6,8-6,9) and high indices of cation exchange capacity (38,7-39,1 mmol/100g). The mycological composition of the studied soils in the autumn-spring periods was identified and identified. The soil was more saturated with representatives of the suppressive group at the beginning of rice vegetation, the opportunistic group was not detected and the antiphytopathogenic potential was 1:2. The spring-fed rice crop rotations soils are prone to soil stresses that are oversaturated with suppressors. In autumn, the ratio of conditionally suppressive to saprotrophic and pathogenic mycota was 1.5:4.5:7. The growth of colonies of the micromycete genus Trichoderma is traced, which confirms the beginning of a long process and the slow recovery of soil degradation processes.

Sorption capacity of organic matter to heavy metals and its use for polluted soils recover soils recover

The article considers the results of leached chernozems and yellow soil research in Central Russia and in the South of Central China. The research has demonstrated that organic matter has an increased sorption capacity for heavy metals (HM), including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are hazardous environmental pollutants. Studies conducted on chernozems demonstrate features of HM migration along a soil profile. Thus, the total content of elements accumulates in the upper humus horizon, further down the profile it gradually decreases, following a decrease in an amount of organic matter. In a soil-forming rock an accumulation of metals is again noted due to the alkaline reaction of soil solution and silt fraction, which is enriched in soil-forming rocks. A significant increase in elements content in soils of arable land (farmland soils) was revealed in comparison with a fallow territory and a forest belt. This phenomenon explains by an additional supply of HMs as an admixture of mineral fertilizers applied on plowed chernozems. In addition, HMs are also appear as a result of agricultural machinery operations during flammable fuel combustion. The ability of organic matter to increased sorption of HMs can be used to restore heavily polluted areas. Farmland soils of Sichuan province were studied as a model experiment. Keywords: CHERNOZEMS, YELLOW SOIL, HEAVY METALS, LEAD, CADMIUM, TOTAL CONTENT, EXCHANGE COMPOUNDS, VORONEZH OBLAST, SICHUAN PROVINCE

Сорбционная способность органического вещества к тяжелым металлам и ее применение при восстановлении загрязненных почв

The article considers the results of leached chernozems and yellow soil research in Central Russia and in the South of Central China. The research has demonstrated that organic matter has an increased sorption capacity for heavy metals (HM), including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are hazardous environmental pollutants. Studies conducted on chernozems demonstrate features of HM migration along a soil profile. Thus, the total content of elements accumulates in the upper humus horizon, further down the profile it gradually decreases, following a decrease in an amount of organic matter. In a soil-forming rock an accumulation of metals is again noted due to the alkaline reaction of soil solution and silt fraction, which is enriched in soil-forming rocks. A significant increase in elements content in soils of arable land (farmland soils) was revealed in comparison with a fallow territory and a forest belt. This phenomenon explains by an additional supply of HMs as an admixture of mineral fertilizers applied on plowed chernozems. In addition, HMs are also appear as a result of agricultural machinery operations during flammable fuel combustion. The ability of organic matter to increased sorption of HMs can be used to restore heavily polluted areas. Farmland soils of Sichuan province were studied as a model experiment. Keywords: CHERNOZEMS, YELLOW SOIL, HEAVY METALS, LEAD, CADMIUM, TOTAL CONTENT, EXCHANGE COMPOUNDS, VORONEZH OBLAST, SICHUAN PROVINCE

EFFICIENCY OF ZEOLITE AND ZEOLITE ENRICHED WITH AMINO ACIDS AS FERTILIZERS FOR MILLET

The purpose of the work is to study the effect of zeolite siliceous rock and fertilizer based on it, enriched with amino acids, on agrophysical, biological, agrochemical properties of leached black soil and millet yield. The research was carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. The materials (objects) were zeolite from Yushanskoye deposit in Ulyanovsk region; zeolite enriched with amino acids; Saratovskoye 12 common millet. The scheme of the experiment included 4 variants: 1 - control, 2 - zeolite 500 kg/ha, 3 - zeolite enriched with amino acids, 500 kg/ha, 4 - N40P40K40. The area of the record plot was 20 m2 (2*10), fourfold repetition. The soil of the experimental field is leached black soil with low humus content (3.8-4.0%), high mobile phosphorus content (150 mg/kg by Chirikov), increased content of exchangeable potassium (89 mg/kg), a slightly acidic reaction of soil solution (pHKCl of 5.5 units). The experiments were carried out with strict adherence to all methodological requirements, analyzes were conducted according to relevant state standards. It was established that zeolite of Yushansky deposit of Ulyanovsk region and fertilizer based on it, enriched with amino acids, have a positive effect on leached black soil properties: agrophysical state of the arable layer improved (the content of agronomically valuable aggregates increased by 11.4-11.5%); overall biological activity increased (by 15-32%); the content of phosphorus available to plants increased by 27-38 mg/kg, potassium by 11-12 mg/kg, mineral forms of nitrogen by 13.1 and 8.9 mg/kg, silicon by 10.7 and 10.9 mg/kg of soil. The increase of millet grain yield in case of application of pure zeolite was 0.40 t/ha (16%), in case of zeolite enriched with amino acids - 0.93 t/ha (37%). The yield of millet in the variant with application of zeolite enriched with amino acids was not worse than in the variant with mineral fertilizers.

DYNAMICS OF SHEET SURFACE AREA OF PEAS DEPENDENCE DEPENDING ON VARIETY FEATURES, SOIL LIMITATION AND NUTRITIONAL SYSTEM

The article presents the results of research on the influence of varietal characteristics, soil liming, fertilizers on the formation of the leaf surface area. The use of microfertilizers Vuxal Extra CoMo for pre-sowing seed treatment, foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal Calcium, Boron during budding provided against the background of control of increasing leaf area by increasing vegetative growth and surface growth rate -37% depending on the stage of plant development in vegetable varieties Skinado and Somerwood. Limeing also helped to increase the leaf surface area of plants from 2.5 to 7.8% depending on the phase of development, in our opinion due to the indirect effect on the reaction of soil solution and improving nitrogen fixation processes in the soil. The highest index of leaf surface of vegetable pea varieties was observed in the experimental variants, where against the background of control pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo, foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal Calcium, Boron, which changed from budding 1.15 to 1.17 in the Skinado variety and from 1.19 to 1.22 in the Somerwood variety. This was subsequently reflected in the indicators of the leaf index in the phase of flowering and bean formation. Leaf index in the phase of flowering and bean formation varied in Skinado variety from 1.58 to 1.59 and from 1.60 to 1.64.In the Somerwood variety in these phases, the leaf surface index was higher and varied from 1.64 to 1.68 in the flowering phase, and in the bean formation phase from 1.67 to 1.73. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves of vegetable peas largely depended on the phase of plant development, as well as the action of trace elements during seed treatment, foliar fertilization, and liming.

Vrednosti različitih tipova kiselosti pseudogleja u Kraljevačkoj kotlini pod šumom, livadom i oranicama

This paper presents the results of active (pH in H2O), exchangeable (pH in KCl), hydrolytic (Y1) and total acidity (T-S) in humus-accumulative (Ah, Ahp) and subsurface (Eg, Btg) horizons of Pseudogley Soils in Kraljevo Basin for 14 soil profiles excavated in forests, 16 in meadows and 24 on arable land. The results showed that acidification was weaker or more pronounced in all three most important tested horizons of Pseudogley Soils, and that the differences in the value of different forms of acidity existed among forest, meadow and arable land uses, as well as between the horizons of the same profile. The chemical reaction of soil solution ranged from very weak to extremely acid. The highest active acidity was found in forest profiles, especially in deeper horizons. Exchangeable acidity ranged from 3.7 to 4.9 pH units, with the forest profiles as the most acid, while the differences between meadow and arable land were less pronounced. The highest hydrolytic acidity was obtained in the forest profiles, while acidity in meadow and arable profiles was significantly lower and the lowest, respectively. Total acidity of the Kraljevo pseudogleys ranged from 6.2 to 24.8 meq/100 g soil and similarly to hydrolytic acidity, the value of total acidity was affected by the land use.

Prof. Dr.

The use of ecological and agrochemical indicators to assess the agro-industrial properties of soils and the formation of a system of indicators of regional investment attractiveness of soils of agricultural lands is the basis for intensive development of the agro-industrial complex of the L’viv region of Ukraine. The following parameters are important for assessing the investment attractiveness of land soils: the content of humus and mobile compounds of Phosphorus and Potassium in soils, the reaction of soil solution, as well as calculations of the balance of humus and nutrients. The proposed indicators of investment attractiveness of soils of the L’viv region are the key to the introduction of a balanced type of land use, which is characterized by high crop yields and a deficit of nutrients in the soil, and thus minimizes possible investment risks.

Exergy Analysis of a Bio-System: Soil-Plant Interaction.

This paper explains a thorough exergy analysis of the most important reactions in soil–plant interactions. Soil, which is a prime mover of gases, metals, structural crystals, and electrolytes, constantly resembles an electric field of charge and discharge. The second law of thermodynamics reflects the deterioration of resources through the destruction of exergy. In this study, we developed a new method to assess the exergy of soil and plant formation processes. Depending on the types of soil, one may assess the efficiency and degradation of resources by incorporating or using biomass storage. According to the results of this study, during different processes from the mineralization process to nutrient uptake by the plant, about 62.5% of the input exergy will be destroyed because of the soil solution reactions. Most of the exergy destruction occurs in the biota–atmosphere subsystem, especially in the photosynthesis reaction, due to its low efficiency (about 15%). Humus and protonation reactions, with 14% and 13% exergy destruction, respectively, are the most exergy destroying reactions. Respiratory, weathering, and reverse weathering reactions account for the lowest percentage of exergy destruction and less than one percent of total exergy destruction in the soil system. The total exergy yield of the soil system is estimated at about 37.45%.

Forest plantation productivity – soil interactions within Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: effects of pH and cations

Abstract Dark grey podzolized soils on the loess like loams, which are represented in the soil cover within fresh and humidity gradients in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, are characterized by high forest vegetation potential, which ensure the formation of mostly pure and mixed larch and spruce stands with high level of the productivity. Despite the fact that both species are coniferous, their effect on the soil, in particular, on its acid-base indicators (actual and potential forms of acidity, sum of absorbed bases, degree of saturation of bases, content of mobile aluminium), which are important components of soil fertility, are specific. Due to the fact that there is a close interaction between forest plantations and soil properties, changing the participation of species in the stand, it is possible to adjust the actual soil fertility. The soils under both pure and mixed spruce and larch stands are characterized by a high level of potential acidity that reaches the high acidic values in the upper horizons. A similar reaction of soil solution under coniferous forests is caused by acid hydrolysis of aluminosilicates and accumulation of mobile Al in the rhizosphere zone. Simultaneously, the same acidic characteristics, including the presence of movable aluminium, are also found in soils under broadleaved plantations. In general, acid-exchange properties of soils (high potential acidity, unsaturation of bases and availability of movable aluminium) traditionally are considered as unfavourable for vegetation. However, our researches refute it and prove that within certain values, these indicators do not limit the productivity of pure and mixed spruce and larch stands.

Ecological-Agrochemical Land Evaluation and Classification under Organic Farming

In modern economic conditions, economic components must be based on environmental components, especially for agricultural production, which ensures economic and food security of the country. Therefore, management system of agricultural enterprises has to be supplemented with environmental and agro-chemical components in order to improve and increase soil quality. The peculiarities of ecological agrochemical farm lands’ evaluation and certification in Ukraine were considered in the article. Their necessity for farmlands used for manufacturing organic raw materials and products was determined. Land classification and characteristics according to the degree of suitability for manufacturing organic products and raw materials are given: suitable, limited suitable, unsuitable lands. Indices of soil suitability for organic farming and their standards have been studied, namely: humus content; topsoil depth; particle size distribution; reaction of soil solution; the sum of absorbed bases (Ca + Mg); soil density; the content of mobile compounds of phosphorus, potassium, micro- elements, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, nitrogen by nitrification power and mobile sulfur in the soil. Emphasis is placed on land suitability for organic farming, as important direction of agricultural production eco-balance. Agro-technological measures to improve ecological and agro-chemical condition of the soil used in organic farming are presented, considering sanitary-hygienic condition of the soil, its ecological stability and agro-chemical soil fertility. Interdependence and responsibility of farmers for soil condition as a result of their economic activities, the expediency of forecasting possible contamination of crops grown in the future have been mentioned. It is emphasized that the received information is entered into the ecological passport of farms, which implies the manufacturing of organic crop growing and livestock farming products at the level of world standards. The influence of ecological-agrochemical condition of land under organic farming on the quality of raw materials and products was determined. Forecasting the quality of organic farm products and raw materials according to their biological full-value condition and environmental safety is carried out by assessing the groups of indicators: qualitative assessment of farm’s soil; ecological and agro-chemical certification of farm lands; environmental impact assessments of farming system and technologies of crop cultivation; ecological and agro-chemical assessment of lands for growing organic farm raw materials and products. Emphasis is placed on social responsibility of agricultural manufactures for products and soil quality. Thus, it is necessary to improve soil quality in Ukraine by introducing organic farming, which will ensure land management stabilization and strengthen their adaptability and enable to grow high-quality organic farm raw materials and products.

Anthropogenic deep-transformed soils (urbosems) of Odessa city

The classification of soils of urban areas (on the example of Odesa) was presented, according to which two classes of soils were distinguished within the city: natural and anthropogenic. The proposed ecological-profile-genetic classification of soils of urban areas combines profile-genetic and factor-ecological approaches. Anthropogenic soils are divided into two groups of soil types: anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenically created. Anthropogenically transformed soils include two types: anthropogenically surface-transformed (urban- and agrosoils) and anthropogenically deeply-transformed (urbozems). The group of types of anthropogenically created soils includes the type of technological surface-soillike formations and sealed soils (constructozems). The article presents the results of the study of anthropogenically deeply-transformed soils of Odesa (urbozems). General scientific (systematic, analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistics) and traditional (soil-genetic, profile-morphological, laboratory-analytical and cartographic) research methods were used to study the genetic characteristics of soils of Odesa and their classification. To study the structure, composition and properties of soils in the city 35 full-profile sections and 17 diggings in 25 key areas were laid. The main morphological characteristics and physicochemical properties were given, the indicators of nutrient content, humus, pHH2O, granulometric composition of soils were analyzed. The composition of salts and absorbed bases in soils was determined. Granulometric composition of urbanozems is clay loamy with a tendency to lighten due to anthropogenically increase of the sand factions and skeletal material content. A typical feature of the urbozems of Odesa is a pretty high variability of nitrogen content in terms of nitrification ability, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The content of organic matter in the urban horizon of urban soils ranges from 0.86 to 5.40%. Recreazems and hillozems are characterized by medium loam granulometric composition, alkaline reaction of soil solution, low levels of nutrients and humus. The practical significance of the results provides for the expansion and addition of theoretical and methodological bases of the research of soils in different functional and economic zones of human settlements.

Environmental and geochemical characteristics of sod podburs near the Bolshiye Koty settlement (Lake Baikal)

We studied soils at the foot of slopes in the eastern and western exposition of the Primorsky Range, along the valleys Chyornaya, Zhilische and Bolshaya Kotinka located in the vicinity of the Bolshiye Koty settlement. Sod podburs prevail in the soil cover of the foot of the valleys. Along the western exposition slopes of the valleys, slightly acid sod podburs prevail, and along the eastern exposition slopes acid ones. Leaching regime of soil profiles and the acid reaction of soil solution contribute to the significant migration of most chemical elements with radial runoff from the soils. The presence of exchange aluminium in soil adsorption complex indicates an increase in humidity and a decrease in the amount of solar insolation at the foot of the eastern exposition slopes compared to the western exposition slopes. This may be a marker of the geochemical situation with more efficient acid weathering of soils on a scale of several hundred meters.

Dynamics of soil acidity in the Steppe

The dynamics of the soil solution of agricultural lands in Kirovohrad region during five rounds of agrochemical examination was investigated. It is established that during 35 years the amount of close to neutral and slightly alkaline soils in Kirovohrad region has increased but acidic and neutral ones have decreased. Due to the intensive chemicalization of agricultural production in the 1970s and 1980s, 248,3 thousand hectares of deep and ordinary black soils were transferred to the category of acidic soils. It was found that the proportion of soils that have a weakly acidic reaction of soil solution (pH 5.1–5.5) decreased by 11.0%. Currently, the amount of acid soils has decreased and in 2015 amounted to 105,8 thousand hectares. The proportion of soil close to neutral (pH 5.6–6.0) increased significantly from 41.0 in 1995 (VI round) to 55.1% in 2015 (X round). In the redistribution of soils with neutral reaction (pH 6.1–7.0) there were slight changes from 36.6% in 2000 to 31.3% in 2015. Due to the sharp decline in the number of farm animals, the use of organic fertilizers decreased to a negligible amount of 0.1 t/ha (IX–X round). Mineral fertilizer volumes declined rapidly until 2000 and have gradually increased over the last 17 years. Thus, the application of mineral fertilizers in the region increased from 6.9 kg/ha up to 63.5 kg/ha of active substance. In order to reduce the share of acidic soils on agricultural lands in Kirovohrad region under the current conditions of agriculture it is necessary to: reduce the proportion of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers; to use local agrochemicals, such as defecate, serpentinite, and calcareous metallurgical slag, for chemical reclamation.

Influence of Long-Term Application of Fertilizer Systems on Fertility of Ordinary Carbonate Chernozem in the Conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

The paper studies the influence of systematic application recommended and estimated mineral (N69P63K45 and N141P68K60) and organomineral (manure 8 t/ha + N44P42K24and manure 15 t/ha + N87P36K7) fertilizer systems within grain-grass-hoe crop rotation on density, porosity, structural condition of soil, water stability of structural units, water permeability, change of humus content and basic nutrition elements in rainfed conditions and at irrigation in comparison with their initial content and with indicators in control option – without fertilizers and irrigation throughout long-term field experiment on ordinary carbonate chernozem in a steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. It is defined that over 68 years of experiments the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and reaction of soil solution did not change. The maximum losses of humus and available forms of nutritious elements occurred in options without fertilizers in rainfed and irrigated conditions, bulk density of soil increased, porosity and water permeability decreased. The use of fertilizers improved agrophysical and water properties of soil: its density decreased, porosity, structure index, water stability, water permeability and hygroscopicity increased. The introduction of estimated organomineral fertilizer system to the scheme of experiment since 1986 restored the humus content in soil to the reference value and ensured its positive balance (+2.6 t/ha).

Condition of peat soils on the territory of Precarpathian and Prednistrian Podilla

The article outlines the views on the peaty soils as unique formation according to their genesis, expansion, and characteristics. We are managed to trace that the soils change their composition, properties, and economic value depending on their place of formation. The peaty soils are insufficiently studied in Ivano-Frankivsk region. Primarily, their geography, genesis, and modern agro-ecological state require the special attention. Nowadays, the peaty soils are used in agriculture as low-productive hayfields, pastures, and sometimes they are used for plough lands. A great number of drained peaty massifs are abandoned. They are being overgrown with shrubs and weeds, which are not peculiar to the natural vegetation of marsh ecosystems. The peaty soils somewhat differ from the mineral ones, so the article describes characteristic features of forming the peaty massifs and their properties. The main target of the study is an analysis of physical and chemical properties of the peaty soils, the reaction of soil solution, the organic content and total microelements of soils. On the ground of the analyses conducted with the studied soils, we have established that they belong to saturated and unsaturated peaty soils depending on their acid-base properties. Unsaturated soils are mostly expanded within the areas of great peaty massifs that are not used in agriculture for plough lands. It was noted, that the ash content value is very important for characteristics of the peaty soils. The peat mostly does not have a high ash content value due to the weak mineralization ground waters supplying the peat massifs. The peat soils are characterized by high quality of the organic content and nitrogen. However, only an insufficient part of the total nitrogen is available for plants in the forms of nitrate and ammonia compounds. It is noted, that in spite of the high nitrogen content, the peaty soils are characterised by the low content of phosphorus and the lower content of potassium. The author has generally characterised the using of peaty soils in agriculture, peat extraction industry, and partly in the recreational sphere. The studies have proved that the peaty soils, which are in agricultural use, should be applied for the high-productive meadowlands and pastures. The mentioned lands are very important for ecology as the extensive root system of the well-developed grass canopy contributes to reducing the loss of organic content within drained peatlands. About 700 hectares of massifs are used in the studied area for the extraction of peat raw materials, the most part of which is used for stocking of the organic-mineral fertilizers and soil substrates. In the recent years, there has been increasing the demand for production of peat briquettes and lump peat for communal and household consumption. In addition, the peat is widely used in medicine, chemical industry, and cosmetology. The scientific work attracts attention to the insufficient and scientifically unjustified use of the peat resources in the national economy. That is why there is a feasibility to use the certain areas as environment-oriented lands. This direction of use includes the creation of recreational zones, hunting grounds, high-productive plantations of berries and unique medicinal plants. We have grounded the idea that these soils can be attributed to ecologically sensitive objects, which require the detailed study for rational use. In the article, the author concludes that an integrated approach to using peatland resources will give the possibility to preserve these unique intrazonal formations.

The influence of crops on the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of the central floodplain of the Moksha River

Studies have shown that long-term cultivation of agricultural crops is influenced the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils. The perennial herbs affect the content of humus in the soil. In the sod layer under them is being 6,4–6,8 % of organic matter, in the subsurface – 5,3–5,9 %. Down the profile is reduced to 2.2–3.8 %. With long-term cultivation of potatoes, which after itself contains a little amount of root residues, the processes of decomposition of organic substances in the soil prevail over the processes of their synthesis. depends on Accordingly the content of humus is much lower (0.5–4.6 %). Alluvial soils under crops of the perennial herbs were characterized by neutral and slightly acidic active reaction of soil solution (pH of water extract is 6.5–7.5, pH of salt extract is 5.5–6.8). Under potatoes, the pH of the aqueous extract is reduced to 5,9–6,9, salt to 5,4–6,7, which is probably due to an increase in the pH of the upper horizons as a result of mineral fertilizers. Hydrolytic acidity of floodplain soils is rather low in all variants (1,1–2,7 mg/100 g of soil), it is characterized as neutral. The index of the sum of the exchange bases to a greater extent depends on the particle size distribution. Accordingly, it is high both under the perennial herbs and under potatoes. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely filled with bases. The value of this indicator is quite high: 91-97 %. Moreover, under the perennial herbs the index is 1-3 % in arable and 1-4 % in sub-arable horizons higher than under potatoes. The soils of the floodplain of The Moksha river are low in phosphorus and potassium in all variants of the experiment. Just above these figures were under the potatoes due to greater cultivation. With an increase in the level of agricultural technology, saturation of crop turnover with perennial grasses, a justified system of fertilization, the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of the Central floodplain of The Moksha river are favorable for the stable harvest yields of vegetable and field crops.

ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SPRING OATS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The works presents the results of studying 165 specimen of spring oats from the world collection The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2014-2016. The soil on which the research was done can be characterized as leached chernozem, heavy loam by texture and particle size distribution, of medium capacity. The content of humus equals 7.8%, reaction of soil solution is close to neutral, рН is 6.0. In the horizon of 0-40 cm the content of N-NO3 is 35.4mg/kg, P2O5 – 122 mg/kg, K2O – 98 mg/kg. An assessment is given to spring oat specimen by the parameters of ecological plasticity bi and yield stability Si2 . The research was conducted in the conditions characterized in accordance with the index of environmental conditions Ij. The most favourable conditions developed in 2016, when the environment index Ij equaled 109.2. Adverse conditions were identifi ed in 2014, when Ij equaled -46.25, and in 2015, when Ij equaled -62.99. By the results of the dispersion analysis the dominating infl uence of environmental conditions on the yield of spring oat specimen is established at 85.3%, the share of genotype infl uence is 2.6%. Eight specimen of spring oats proved to exceed Creole standard variety by yield with the trait variability being from 29.3% to 87.1%. Sources for creation of intensive type varieties, with high responsiveness to favorable conditions for growth and development are identifi ed: IL 86-1158 (to 14316, the USA), Jumbo (to 14702, Germany), Hamilton (to 14761, the USA), Talisman (to 14785, Russia), Omikho (to 14827, Russia), OA 269 (to 14992, Canada), Stayer (to 15181, Russia), Eclipse (to 15187, Russia). High-yielding genotypes which react to environmental conditions to a medium degree (bi is nearing a unit), and have high yield stability (Si2 is nearing zero) are defi ned, namely Express (to 14505, Russia), bi = 1.04, Si2 = 0.053, Yubilyar (to 14723, Belarus), bi = 0.92, Si2 = 0.070, C.I. 7321 (to 14737, the USA), bi = 1.09, Si2 = 0.076, Vallntin (to 15189, Slovakia), bi = 1.13, Si2 = 0.050, CDC Bell (to 14805, Canada), bi = 0.62, Si2 = 0.0065.

Динаміка родючості ґрунтів орних земель Гощанського району Рівненської області

Динаміка родючості ґрунтів орних земель Гощанського району Рівненської області

Agroecological Grounding of Organic Waste Management in the Production of Humates

Purpose. Study of agroecological substantiation of the possibility to use organic waste in the production of humates as fertilizers of the main application for vegetable crops. Methods. Field, chemical, atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. The calculation of the total indicator of pollution showed that the soil of the fertilized experimental site belongs to the slightly contaminated soils. According to the soil-agrochemical criteria, namely, the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus and potassium, the reaction of soil solution, soil on the control and, optionally, with the introduction of organic waste, is suitable for organic farming. The evaluation of the suitability of the soil for the content of heavy metals revealed that the content of zinc, copper, lead, cobalt, manganese, nickel revealed that it is suitable for the organic farming. Zinc (0.31 mg / kg) and manganese (4.98 mg / kg) content are conventionally suitable. Analysis of the content of trace elements in organic waste showed that it contains manganese, copper, zinc in quantities, corresponding to the lower boundary of the value interval, inherent in untreated manure. Thus, the amount of manganese in manure is 75 - 549, in the studied sample - 60 mg / kg, copper - 7,6-40,8, zinc 0,84-4,18, in the sample - 5,88, 44,95 mg / kg respectively. That is, in terms of its microelement status, corresponds to the composition of the manure. An assessment of the environmental quality of vegetable products grown when organic wastes produced by humates as fertilizers of the main input showed that no element exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the bioaccumulation coefficients for vegetable products grown in the course of the introduction of organic waste showed that none of the vegetables accumulate in the economic part of the crop of heavy metals. Conclusions. Studies have shown high agroecological efficiency of the use of organic waste of humates production as the main fertilizer for the production of environmentally safe high quality vegetable products.