Reaction Of Polyamines Research Articles

Corrosion inhibitors based on regenerated plant raw material for protection of gas and oil recovery equipment

Technology is developed and introduced for preparing a highly efficient corrosion inhibitor based on regenerated plant raw material for protecting gas and oil industry equipment, and supply lines from internal surface corrosion, hydrogenation, and sulfide corrosion cracking, caused by the action of hydrogen sulfidecontaining mineralized aqueous media. Alongside research into the choice of the most stable and economically justified materials and corrosion-resistant coatings used under specific conditions, a significant place is occupied by creation and use of various corrosion inhibitors. However, universal corrosion inhibitors have not so far been found, although a considerable number of new inhibitors have been created for each specific purpose. In Russia and throughout the world, there is some reduction in the use of inhibitors in connection with the spread of production equipment and pipelines manufactured from corrosion-resistant materials, and also with use of corrosion-resistant coatings. In spite of this, the field of application for inhibitors remains considerable. Analysis of the contemporary state of the problem for creation of corrosion inhibitors indicates that with some certainty it is possible to predict a class of compounds that to some measure will exhibit inhibiting properties in some corrosion situation. Currently, for protecting metals of oil industry equipment from hydrogen sulfide corrosion in strongly mineralized media 2-alkyl imidazolene derivatives, prepared by reaction of polyamines with carbonic acids followed by ring formation in a five-membered imidazolene heterocycle, are often used. Corrosion inhibitors, prepared on the basis of 2-alkylimidazolenes from polyethylene polyamides (PEPA) and 2-methyl2-alkylhexane acids at 240‐280°C [1], and also from a mixture of 1-dimethylaminoethyl- and (aminoethyl)-2-isoalkyl-2-imidazolenes [2], exhibit low colloidal-chemistry properties, often stratified during shipment and storage, and capable of being salted out during use in highly-mineralized hydrogen sulfide-containing media. A specific disadvantage is displayed by a corrosion inhibitor that is a mixture of 2-alkyl imidazolene derivatives and amides of higher isomeric α-branched monocarbonic acids (HIA) with aromatic hydrocarbons, surface-active substances (SAS), and alcohols [3]. Disadvantages of these corrosion inhibitors are an increased capacity for foaming, use of expensive aromatic hydrocarbons, and insufficient efficiency in the later and concluding stages of oil and gas development. Technology for corrosion inhibitor preparation [3] has been developed by us, and inhibitors are produced at the Kaustik company in Sterlitamak under the names Azimut-14, Azimut-14M, and Vikor. Corrosion inhibitor Vikor is classified as a combined action reagent, i.e., an inhibitor and bactericide, and it also protects metal from hydrogenation. Use of this inhibitor provides suppression of dangerous micro-organism corrosion development, and protection of equipment from the corrosive action of oil industry media. We have also developed technology for preparation of a corrosion inhibitor intended for protecting gas- and oilrecovery equipment operating in highly mineralized hydrogen sulfide-containing media, with the attraction of less expensive

Green Synthesis of Poly(aminomethylenephosphonic) Acids

The reaction of polyamines with phosphorous acid and formaldehyde in water under focused microwave irradiation provides a facile and rapid synthesis of poly(aminomethylenephosphonic) acids.

Amination of 2-chloro-and 2,4-dichloropyrimidines by polyamines

A study was carried out on the amination of 2-chloro-and 2,4-dichloropyrimidines by linear polyamines and oxadiamines under catalytic and noncatalytic conditions. The reaction of excess polyamine with 2-chloropyrimidine gives the corresponding 2-aminopyrimidines, while the reaction of polyamines with excess of 2-chloropyrimidine gives di-, tri-, and tetraarylated derivatives. The reaction of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine with diamines was studied with different ratios of the starting reagents. The ratios of the products of substitution at pyrimidine C-2 and C-4 were found.

Reaction of polyamines with diethyloxalate: a convenient route for the synthesis of tetraazacycloalkanes

The reactivity of various polyamines with diethyloxalate has been investigated. It appears that, in similar experimental conditions, primary diamines give predominantly (2+2) adducts while the use of secondary benzylated polyamines results in (1+1) condensation. Although the intermediate tetraamides formed in the first case are extremely poorly soluble and show very slow reactivity towards reducing agents, cyclam has been obtained by using ultrasounds during the reaction of the corresponding tetraoxomacrocycle with BH3/THF. The (1+1) cyclization reaction of diversely N-benzylated linear tetraamines, whose selective syntheses have been devised herein, gives access to various N-benzylated cyclens and cyclams. New macrocyclic ligands containing both amine and amide type nitrogen atoms have been formed as intermediates in these syntheses. Two compounds containing an aminal function exhibit an unexpected reactivity, leading to the formation of new bisaminal products whose structures have been established by X-ray diffraction.

Preparation, characterization, and metal binding behavior of novel chelating resins containing sulfur and polyamine

AbstractSeveral kinds of polyamine‐type chelating resins containing sulfide were synthesized by the reaction of polyamines, such as ethanolamine (EA), ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and triethylenetetramine (TETA), with poly[4‐vinylbenzyl (2‐benzenesulfonate ethyl) sulfide] (PSMP), which was itself prepared by the reaction of poly[4‐vinylbenzyl (2‐hydroxyethyl) sulfide] (PSME) with benzenesulfonal chloride in pyridine solution. Factors affecting syntheses of PSMP, such as solvents, reaction temperature and time, and ratio of reactants, were investigated. Structures of the above resins were confirmed by FTIR and elemental analysis. Their surface morphology and pore structures were observed on a SEM and determined by the BET method, respectively. Adsorption experiments showed that these resins exhibit better adsorption selectivity for noble metal ions and Hg(II) than other heavy ones. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1558–1565, 2005

Novel 3D Network: From the Reaction of Polyamine with Pyromellitic Dianhydride

Under mild condition, the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with polyamine in methanol solution results in ammonium carboxylate salts rather than amide polymer. X-ray analysis indicates a manifestation of 3D network linked by N-H + > O m > H-N + hydrogen bonding for the three ammonium salts, in which the porous spaces are filled with water molecules.

Novel 3-D Network: From the Reaction of Polyamine with Pyromellitic Dianhydride

Under mild condition the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with polyamine in methanol solution results in ammonium carboxylate salts rather than amide polymer. X-ray analysis indicates a manifestation of 3-D network linked by N─H+…O− H─N+ hydrogen bonding for the three ammonium salts, in which the porous spaces are filled with water molecules.

Studies on Human Porin XVI: Polyamines Reduce the Voltage Dependence of Human VDAC in Planar Lipid Bilayers—Spermine and Spermidine Inducing Asymmetric Voltage Gating on the Channel

We present the first data on the effects of polyamines on human VDAC. Purified VDAC in lipid bilayers shows lowered voltage dependence whenever putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, or the histamine releaser Compound 48/80, respectively, are applied. Only spermine and spermidine induce an asymmetric reaction on the channel. However, we state a groupwise different reaction of polyamines, which are organic polycations, on human porin.

Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of aryl-substituted polyamine compounds from aryl halides

The reaction of polyamines having primary amino groups and 1,2-diaminoethane and/or 1,3-diaminopropane fragments with aryl bromides or iodides in the presence of sodium tert-butoxide and (dppf)PdCl 2 (dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) proceeds selectively leading to monoaryl-substituted derivatives of polyamine. This reaction provides a convenient method of arylation of di-, tri- and tetraamine compounds. The Pd-catalyzed reactions of 1,3-diaminopropane and 3,3′-diaminodipropylamine with more reactive 1-bromonaphthalene can be used for the preparation of sym-dinaphthyl derivatives of these amines.

A one-step procedure for the selective trifluoroacetylation of primary amino groups of polyamines

The reaction of polyamines with ethyl trifluoroacetate in wet acetonitrile results in the selective trifluoroacetylation of primary amino groups. This reaction is shown to be applicable to a range of polyamines.

Catalytic effect of hydroxy groups on reaction of polyamine with tert-butyl acrylate

The reaction of N-cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediamine with tert-butyl acrylate and the catalytic effect of hydroxy groups on the reaction course was investigated by Near Infrared spectroscopy. The reaction was found to be bimolecular and of second order. The dependence of rate constant on catalyst concentration (diols) is linear and the structure of diol used has no effect.

Preparation of magnetic ion exchangers by the reaction of polyamines with chlorinated polymers

Magnetic weak-base ion exchangers with capacities of up to 6.2 meq/g were made by the reaction of liquid (branched) polyethyleneimine (PEI), (of number-average molecular weight 600–1800), with particles of PVC or diaminohexane-crosslinked polyepichlorohydrin containing a magnetic filler. The PEI distributed itself throughout the polyvinylchloride (PVC) particles, crosslinking them. Polyamines of higher molecular weight (in solution) react at the surface of the magnetic particles to form low-capacity ion exchangers having a core-shell structure. Linear polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) can be coupled to magnetic crosslinked PECH particles by reaction with the amino groups of the crosslinks. Polyethyleneimine coupled to magnetic particles can be carboxymethylated with chloroacetate, but resists quaternization. Alternatively, magnetic resins can be made by the mutual crosslinking of PEI and PVC or PECH in quasi-solution, and subsequently derivatized either by carboxymethylation or partial quaternization of amino groups or by displacement of residual reactive chlorines by thiols, for example. Magnetic polyamine resins or their derivatives adsorb Cu 2+, Ni 2+, Fe 3+, Zn 2+, Cd 2+ and Hg 2+ ions from aqueous solution.

Stimulation of clonal tumor cell growth in vitro by inhibiting the serum polyamine oxidase activity.

Several tumors are characterized by elevated levels of polyamines involved in vital cell proliferation processes. Polyamine oxidases (PAO), present in ruminant and particularily in fetal calf serum (FCS), degrade polyamines to polyaminoaldehydes and other products that inhibit cell proliferation. Since most in vitro assays for cloning tumor stem cells use FCS as an essential supplement of the nutrient media, we examined the effects of specifically inhibiting the PAO activity on the clonal growth of leukemic cells and the following normal lymphocytes: the W 25 rat chloroleukemia, the M1 mouse myeloblastic and the L 1210 rat lymphoblastic leukemia, a primary human acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) as well as normal human PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. In the presence od horse serum, nontoxic doses of the PAO inhibitor 1-hydroxybenzyloxyamine did not affect colony growth of either cell type. However, in the presence of FCS, clonal growth of W 25, ALL, AML, and PHA lymphocytes was significantly stimulated by the enzyme inhibitor. Our data suggest (a) that poor cell proliferation of several tumors in vitro may result from the reaction of polyamines (from cells) and PAO (from serum), (b) that this can be easily tested by means of a specific PAO inhibitor, and (c) that the growth conditions can be optimized by adding nontoxic doses of the enzyme inhibitor or by exchanging FCS for another serum.

Synthesis and reactions of polyamines with living cationic end groups

The living character (expressed by the ratio k0/kt) of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of N-substituted aziridines is strongly influenced by the number and the bulkiness of the substituents on the monomer. Thus, N-tert.butyl aziridine (TBA) has a k/kt value of iO' l.mol1 compared with 80 for N-isopropyl aziridine and 4 for N-ethylaziridine. P0lymerization of TBA initiated by methyl trifluoromethylsulfonate (methyltriflate) in a mixture of THF and HMPT allows to prepare poly-TBA with well defined molecular weight (up to 100,000) and of low dispersity. The thus obtained polymers giye a slow termination reaction which obeys first order kinetics and during which the molecular weight of the polymer remains unchanged. It is therefore assumed to be an intramolecular attack of the growing species by an amino function of its own polymer chain. Because the termination is very slow compared with propagation, it is possible to react the aziridinium ions which are the active chain ends, with a nucleophile before the termination becomes important. This reaction was first checked with a model compound (N-methyl-N-tert.butyl aziridinium tnflate) and was then carried out with living poly-TBA. In this way a number of poly-TBA's with different functional end groups were synthesized. They were characterized by 360 MHz 'H NMR spectroscopy and by GPC. If the nucleophile is part of another polymer chain, block or graft copolymers containing poly-TBA segments are obtained. Other aziridines showing a high living character are N-substituted propylenimines. Also with these monomers, polymers with predictable molecular weight and well defined end groups can be synthesized. This kind of chemistry allows to form a great variety of blockand graft copolymers containing polyamine segments.

The quantitative determination of spermine with platinic lodide

The reaction of polyamines with iodoplatinic acid has been developed into a quantitative and specific colorimetric assay for spermine. This was accomplished by dissolving the precipitated reaction product in a mixture of HCl and HNO 3 and measuring its platinum content by means of the yellow color formed on reaction of chloroplatinate ion with stannous chloride. Interfering amino acids were removed by extraction of the polyamines into chloroform from alkaline solutions. The useful range of the reaction is 0.1 to 0.6 μmole spermine. Recoveries in the range of ±15% have been achieved.