Reaction Of Epoxy Groups Research Articles

Functionalized cellulose-based adhesive with epoxy groups having high humidity resistance performance

Sustainable and environment friendly natural-based adhesive has been considered as an optimum alternative of industrial adhesive which is non-renewable and harmful to health. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer in nature and has potential applications in the field of adhesives. However, the inherent hydrophilic nature of cellulose-based adhesive significantly challenges its use in high humidity environments. In this paper, a highly hydrophobic and anti-swelling cellulose-based adhesive was prepared by epoxy modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The simultaneous enhancement of adhesive and cohesive properties is achieved through the reaction of epoxy groups with the hydroxyl groups from the wood and adhesive during the hot-pressing process. Prepared adhesive has excellent properties in extremely humid environments. The dry bonding strength of the prepared adhesive reached 6.02 ± 0.26 MPa, while the wet bonding strength was 4.78 ± 0.21 MPa after immersed in water at 63 °C for 3 h. Furthermore, the bonding strength remained largely stable in 90 % atmospheric humidity. The adhesive has a certain universality, which can bond to substrates such as aluminium, iron, and glass. This study presents an innovative approach to the manufacturing of cellulose-based adhesive with enhanced bonding performance and exceptional water resistance.

Study on mechanical properties and curing properties of shear‐thickening gel toughened epoxy resin

AbstractThe shear‐thickening gel (STG) is introduced as a toughening agent into the epoxy resin (EP) to improve the toughness and impact resistance of the EP without significantly increasing its viscosity. By utilizing the unique BO dynamic bonds present in STG, the EP/STG composite exhibits remarkable toughness at low strain rates due to the gradual disentanglement of molecular chains. Conversely, at high strain rates, the disentanglement of molecular chains is hindered, resulting in a pronounced impact hardening effect and overall superior impact resistance. Our findings reveal that when STG is added at a concentration of 15%, the EP/STG composite material attains its peak mechanical performance. Specifically, it demonstrates a tensile strength of 31.8 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 550.6 MPa. Furthermore, compared to pure EP, the EP/STG composite experiences an increase in elongation at break and impact strength by 40% and 8.1%, respectively. Additionally, the introduction of hydroxyl and B atoms in STG promotes the ring‐opening reaction of epoxy groups during the curing process of the EP, thus accelerating the curing reaction rate. These insights provide a solid theoretical foundation for optimizing the performance of EPs in engineering applications.Highlights The STG was actively utilized to enhance the toughness of EP. The modified EP system exhibits significant improvements in toughness and impact resistance without a notable increase in viscosity. The promotional effect of STG on the curing of EP systems was revealed through curing kinetics analysis and rheological analysis.

A novel epoxy-based self-healing robust superhydrophobic coatings for oil/water separation

Low durability greatly limits the practical application of superhydrophobic coating. In this study, we report a method of employing low surface energy materials and chemically reactive epoxy groups that possess strong adhesion on substrates in one system to solve the durability issue. A branched epoxy with dangling long polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tail was first synthesized through a thiol-Michael addition reaction. After curing, this coating exhibited superhydrophobicity with the contact angles (CAs) of 162.8 ± 1.0° and excellent durability towards strong acid (pH = 1.0), organic solvents as well as thermal treatment (150 °C, 24 h). Notably, the CAs of this coating could maintain above 150° after 80 times of sandpaper abrasions, 100 times of tape-peeling, and 240 min of ultrasonic treatment, respectively. More importantly, the coating could spontaneously revert to a superhydrophobic state at room temperature after being plasma-treated to a superhydrophilic state. The coating fabric was utilized to separate the mixture of oil/water and the efficiencies for blend oil, corn oil, and soybean oil were found to be 97.7 ± 0.4 %, 98.2 ± 0.5 %, and 98.7 ± 0.3 %, respectively. This work provides a novel strategy to create a fluorine-free, self-healing, and robust superhydrophobic coating.

Exploring the Impact of Molecular Structure on Curing Kinetics: A Comparative Study of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A and F Epoxy Resins.

Epoxy resins are essential for various applications, and their properties depend on the curing reactions during which epoxy and amine compounds form the network structure. We here focus on how the presence or absence of two methyl groups in common epoxy bases, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and F (4,4'-DGEBA and 4,4'-DGEBF), affects the curing kinetics. The chemical reactions of both 4,4'-DGEBA and 4,4'-DGEBF, when cured with the same amine, were monitored by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Despite no difference in the reactivity of epoxy groups between 4,4'-DGEBA and 4,4'-DGEBF, the initial curing reaction was slower for the latter. This delay for the 4,4'-DGEBF system was attributed to intermolecular stacking, which hindered the approach of unreacted epoxy groups to amino groups and vice versa. This conclusion was drawn from the results obtained through ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), density functional theory (DFT) calculation, and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.

Preparation of amine or carboxyl groups modified cellulose beads for removal of uranium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions

In the present study, cellulose beads were prepared using the phase inversion method and then activated with epichlorohydrin. The epoxy groups of the activated beads were modified with Nα,Nα-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine hydrate (CML), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) ligands. These modified beads, coded as cellulose-COOH and cellulose-NH2, respectively, were used to remove of uranium (VI) ions from aqueous medium. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using FTIR, SEM, zeta-potential, and analytical methods; the performance of both the modified beads for the removal of uranium (VI) ions was optimized using different operational parameters in a batch system. The amount of adsorbed uranium ions on cellulose-COOH and cellulose-NH2 beads was 462.9 ± 13.7 and 127.4 ± 5.1 mg/g, respectively. The results are acceptable regarding the equilibrium kinetics for the adsorption of uranium (VI) ions, which followed the second-order kinetic model. The prepared activated cellulose beads could be utilized in many technological applications by making appropriate modifications in the reactive epoxy groups of cellulose.

Bio-inspired fabrication of non-iridescent structural color coatings with excellent colorfastness for rapid and large-scale colorization of textile

Structural color in nature provides a new strategy for eco-friendly colorization. Biomimetic construction of amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) on the substrate surface can form a specific non-iridescent structural color, which can be widely used in textile, paint and other fields. However, the APCs structural color has the shortcomings of dim color and poor colorfastness, which restrict the industrial application. In this study, base on the structural design of APCs building blocks, a novel copolymer containing reactive epoxy groups of poly (styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(St-co-GMA)) was synthesized, which was used for fabricating APCs structural color by rapid spray coating method. P(St-co-GMA) nanospheres with different particle diameters can be self-assembled into APCs showing different crack-free structural colors. This research reports for the first time that the polymer nanospheres with two different particle diameters were synthesized by one-pot polymerization to enhance the color brightness of structural color. P(St-co-GMA) nanospheres structural colorized fabrics showed excellent colorfastness, flexibility and air permeability. This research promotes the industrial application of structural color for the rapid larger-scale fabrication of APCs with excellent colorfastness on substrates through the synthesis of polymer nanospheres with reactive epoxy groups.

Enhanced performance of environmental resistance and reprocessability of epoxidized natural rubber via incorporating fluorinated short side chains and β‐hydroxyl ester bonds

AbstractThe current challenge of recycling rubber articles beyond the failure time has created an increasingly huge burden on the environment. Therefore, there is a growing focus on enhancing the environmental resistance and reprocessability of rubber materials. In this work, we present a simple way to introduce the fluorinated short‐side chains on the molecular chains of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) via the reaction of epoxy groups and carboxyl groups. The results indicated that the short fluorinated side chains endowed ENR the excellent environmental resistance such as thermal stability, thermal oxygen resistance and solvent resistance. At the same time, the cross‐linking network formed by the thermally reversible β‐hydroxyl ester bonds enables the rubber to a good reprocessability. The second recycled ENR‐DTSA‐F had achieved 90.4% of the retention ratio of the tensile strength and reached 69.9% of the retention ratio of the elongation at break compared to the original sample. This work provides a simple method for preparing ENR materials with good environmental resistance and reprocessability.

Synthesis and post‐polymerization modification of poly(diglycidyl fumarate)s and their thermal properties

AbstractThe radical polymerization of diglycidyl fumarates was performed to give the poly(fumarate)s bearing epoxy groups in the side chains. Their post‐polymerization modification with carbon dioxide afforded the poly(fumarate)s containing the five‐membered cyclic carbonate structures by the reaction of epoxy groups in the polymer side chains with carbon dioxide. Besides, the thermal stability and behavior of the obtained poly(fumarate)s were examined by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses.

Effects of Hybrid POSS Nanoparticles on the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer-Toughened Polyamide 6.

In this study, polyamide 6 (PA6)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends were prepared to decrease the notch sensitivity of PA6 for automotive applications, and the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of PA6/TPE blends, which are partially miscible or immiscible depending on the TPE ratio, were significantly improved in the existence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles with multiple reactive epoxy groups as compatibilizers. An unstable phase morphology was obtained with the addition of TPE into PA6 without POSS nanoparticles, whereas interfacial interactions between phases in the presence of POSS were enhanced as a result of a significant decrease in the average particle size from 1.39 to 0.41 μm. The complex viscosity value of the 70PA6/30TPE blend, which was 20 kPa/s-1 at 0.1 rad/s angular frequency, reached 380 kPa/s-1 with the addition of POSS due to the formation of long chains by the generation of graft and/or block copolymers, which resulted in a 65% increase in Young's modulus value. Most notably, the Izod impact strength of pure PA6, which was 10 kJ/m2, increased by 290% with the incorporation of POSS. It was confirmed by FTIR analysis that the reactive multiple epoxy groups of MultEpPOSS and EPPOSS nanoparticles react with the proper groups of PA6 and/or TPE, and also, a partial hydrogen bonding interaction occurs between PA6-TPE from the shifting of N-H and carbonyl peaks. In conclusion, it can be suggested that POSS nanoparticles can serve as highly effective compatibilizers for PA6/TPE blends and have potential commercial applications, especially in the automotive sector.

Durable flame retardant and anti-dripping of PET fabric using bio-based covalent crosslinking intumescent system of chitosan and phytic acid

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric is commonly used in people's daily life due to its excellent performance. However, PET is flammable and easy to produce dripping resulting in a potential fire hazard. It is of great significance to endow PET fabric with flame retardancy and anti-dripping simultaneously. Bio-based compounds have received more and more attention in flame retardant field for their eco-friendly, renewable and sustainable advantages. However, their poor durability restricts the industrial application. In this study, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was used as the organic crosslinking agent, which was covalently binded with phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CS) to endow PET fabrics with durable flame retardancy. The treated PET fabric with 20 bi-layers (BLs) CS/PA coating using layer-by-layer assembly method obtained a LOI value of 34 % and damage length of 6.5 cm, demonstrating that the excellent flame retardancy of treated PET fabric. After 4 times washing, its LOI value was higher than 26 %, indicating the good flame retardant durability of treated PET fabrics. This research provides a basis for durable flame retardant textile using bio-based flame retardants by forming covalent bonds through the crosslinking agent containing reactive epoxy groups.

Constructing epoxy and imidazole dual-functionalized polyurethane@Zinc oxide core-shell crosslinker based on coordination interactions for the preparation of strong, tough, and water-resistant soybean flour adhesives

Nanofilling has been regarded as an effective strategy to enhance adhesion performances of soybean flour (SF) adhesives, while it still exists huge challenges to regulate the interfacial properties of nanocomposites toward strong, tough, and water-resistant system. Here, we report on engineering interfacial crosslinking of nanohybrid and SF matrix via core–shell structure design. The reactive core–shell nanohybrid is prepared by epoxy and imidazole dual-functionalized polyurethane shell and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofiller core under deposition effect of interfacial coordination interactions. Combining reactive epoxy groups and dynamic imidazole/ZnO bonds, a high-performance crosslinking structure with energy dissipation mechanism has been constructed at the interface of ZnO and SF matrix. The structure not only improves the stability of SF adhesive network to resist the external destruction of stress and moisture but also provides dynamic imidazole/metal cation coordination bonds as sacrificial units to facilitate energy dissipation during loading. Results show that the adhesives modified by 5 wt% core–shell nanohybrid present the best performances, in which an 142.0%, 162.3%, and 283.6% increment are observed in dry adhesion strength, wet adhesion strength, and adhesion toughness compared to pristine SF adhesives. Overall, such a high-performance biomass-derived adhesive has great potential for the practical use in wood industry.

High-reactive silica nanosheets as compatibilizers for immiscible PLLA/PBAT polymer blends

While nanoparticles were considered to be the most promising compatibilizers for immiscible polymer blends, high-efficient nanoparticle-based compatibilizers were still under development. Herein, a high-reactive silica nanosheet (HRN) compatibilizer with excellent compatibilization effect was synthesized and its compatibilization effect was investigated. The HRN compatibilizer was fabricated by skillfully melt-blending amino functionalized silica hollow spheres (AHS) and the poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PSGMA) with average ten reactive epoxy groups per chain. During the mixing, the AHS were crushed to nanosheets upon the strong shearing and simultaneously grafted PSGMA chains on nanosheets via the reaction of epoxy and amino groups. The PSGMA with high epoxy groups content endowed the HRN with high reactivity. To demonstrate the compatibilization efficiency of our high-reactive compatibilizer, different amounts of HRN were incorporated into the immiscible polylactic (l-acid)/polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PLLA/PBAT) blend, a blend system widely applied in packing and agricultural films, to investigate and compare the changes in morphologies and mechanical properties. Only 3 wt% addition of HRN compatibilizer could significantly decrease the droplets size and dramatically improve the tensile strength and elongation at break of the blend by 1.4 and 23 times. The present work provided a new idea for the development of nanoparticle-based compatibilizer with high compatibilization efficiency.

Cationic polymerization of cyclic trimethylene carbonate induced with initiator and catalyst in one molecule: Polymer structure, kinetics and DFT

Trimethylene carbonate, the monomer that can be prepared from CO2 and 1,3-propanediol, was polymerized cationically, according to the activated monomer mechanism, as it follows from the polymerization kinetics and the DFT studies. Polymerization provides the biocompatible, degradable polymer and was conducted with initiator and catalyst in one molecule (CINICAT). This is in contrast to the known processes when protonic acids (organocatalysts) require addition of an independent initiator and then the low molar mass catalyst, left free in the polymer, may diffuse to its surface, changing the properties. The used CINICAT: hydroxymethylphosphonic acid {HOCH2P(=O)(OH)2} is quantitatively embedded in the polymer molecules. Polymerization is living/controlled and provides at 100 °C, in bulk, polymers with molar masses ∼104 g/mol. The acidic end groups were further used for polymer functionalization and in reaction with diepoxybutane were quantitatively converted into reactive epoxy groups.

Ultrasensitive Immunosensor for Prostate-Specific Antigen Based on Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence by Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica-Nanochannel Film.

Ultrasensitive and specific detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in complex biological samples is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of prostate-related diseases. Immunoassay with a simple sensing interface and ultrahigh sensitivity is highly desirable. Herein, a novel electroluminescence (ECL) immunosensing platform is demonstrated based on the equipment of vertically ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel films (VMSFs) with PSA antibody, which is able to realize ultrasensitive detection of PSA in human serum. Through the electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method, the VMSF is easily grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode in a few seconds. Owing to a large surface area and the negatively charged surface, VMSF nanochannels display strong electrostatic attraction to the positively charged ECL luminophores (tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II), (Ru(bpy)3 2+), leading to two orders-of-magnitude enhancement of ECL emission compared with that of the bare ITO electrode. The outer surface of the VMSF is functionalized with reactive epoxy groups, which further allows covalent attachment of PSA antibody (Ab) on the entry of nanochannels. As the combination of PSA with Ab decreases the ECL signal by hindering the mass transfer of ECL luminophores and coreactant, the developed immunosensor can achieve ultrasensitive detection of PSA ranging from 1 pg ml−1 to 100 ng ml−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 pg ml−1. Considering the antifouling ability of the VMSF, sensitive detection of PSA in human serum is also realized. The proposed nanochannel-based immunosensor may open up a new way for the facile development of the universal immunosensing platform for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of disease markers.

Morphological control and interfacial compatibilization of fully biobased PLA/ENR blends via partial crosslinking ENR with sebacic acid

The fully biobased polylactide/epoxidized natural rubber (PLA/ENR) blend usually shows poor mechanical properties due to the coarse phase-separated morphology with low interfacial adhesion. Herein, we report a novel strategy to tailor the phase morphology and interfacial adhesion of PLA/ENR blend by partial crosslinking ENR with sebacic acid (SA). A series of partially crosslinked sebacic acid modified ENRs (mENRs) with different crosslinking degrees combining with reactive epoxy and carboxyl groups were simply prepared by mixing ENR with SA with 1-methylimidazole as a catalyst. In-situ interfacial compatibilization occurs during melt blending PLA with mENR through reaction between reactive groups of mENR and PLA. The phase morphology especially particle diameter and size distribution of dispersed mENR phase can be regulated by the crosslinking degree of mENR. The morphology and interface of PLA/mENR (80/20, w/w) were tuned finely when mENR-1 (SA/ENR=1/100, mol/mol) with gel fraction of 51% was used to blend with PLA, thus leading to drastically enhanced toughness with impact strength, elongation at break, and tensile toughness of 477.6 J m−1, 427% and 100.3 MJ m−3, which were ~13.8, ~35.6, and ~18.9 times higher than those of neat PLA, respectively. The highly-toughened PLA/mENR blend follows a toughening mechanism of internal mENR cavitation induced matrix shear yielding and plastic deformation.

Structure Evolution of Graphitic Surface upon Oxidation: Insights by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.

Oxidation of graphitic materials has been studied for more than a century to synthesize materials such as graphene oxide, nanoporous graphene, and to cut or unzip carbon nanotubes. However, the understanding of the early stages of oxidation is limited to theoretical studies, and experimental validation has been elusive. This is due to (i) challenging sample preparation for characterization because of the presence of highly mobile and reactive epoxy groups formed during oxidation, and (ii) gasification of the functional groups during imaging with atomic resolution, e.g., by transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we utilize a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) operating at 4 K to solve the structure of epoxy clusters form upon oxidation. Three distinct nanostructures corresponding to three stages of evolution of vacancy defects are found by quantitatively verifying the experimental data by the van der Waals density functional theory. The smallest cluster is a cyclic epoxy trimer. Their observation validates the theoretical prediction that epoxy trimers minimize the energy in the cyclic structure. The trimers grow into honeycomb superstructures to form larger clusters (1–3 nm). Vacancy defects evolve only in the larger clusters (2–3 nm) in the middle of the cluster, highlighting the role of lattice strain in the generation of vacancies. Semiquinone groups are also present and are assigned at the carbon edge in the vacancy defects. Upon heating to 800 °C, we observe cluster-free vacancy defects resulting from the loss of the entire epoxy population, indicating a reversible functionalization of epoxy groups.

Biopolymer mixture-entrapped modified graphene oxide for sustainable treatment of heavy metal contaminated real surface water

The surface of graphene oxide (GO) features highly reactive carboxyl, epoxy, and hydroxyl groups; however, it cannot remove negatively charged species such as anion metals. Gadolinium (Gd) ions interact strongly with anionic species such as arsenic. The incorporation of gadolinium oxide to GO facilitates the removal of anion and cation heavy metals. However, the product was practically infeasible because to the thin, friable, and light flakes. To address these flaws, a polymer combination (Sodium Alginate (SA) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)) was employed to bind GO–Gd2O3 into granules, the ability of which was verified to adsorb Cr(III), Pb(II), and As(V). The effective operating pH, dose, and temperature were 4.0, 1.4 g/L, and 298 K, respectively. Cr(III), Pb(II), and As(V) all had adsorption capabilities of 29.16, 158.73, and 36.77 mg/g, demonstrating gGO–Gd2O3 as effective granules for heavy metals removal from complex aquatic environments. According to the thermodynamic data, Cr(III) and As(V) adsorptions are endothermic, but Pb(II) adsorption is exothermic. The probable sorption mechanism was thoroughly discussed. The viability of produced materials was assessed by investigating their re-usability and use in real surface water.

Construstion of a Phosphazene-Based Flame Retardant with Reactive Epoxy Group and its Application Achieves the Toughness Enhancement, Strength Enhancement and Fire Safety of Epoxy Resin

Construstion of a Phosphazene-Based Flame Retardant with Reactive Epoxy Group and its Application Achieves the Toughness Enhancement, Strength Enhancement and Fire Safety of Epoxy Resin

Structural Coloration of Polyester Fabrics with High Colorfastness by Copolymer Photonic Crystals Containing Reactive Epoxy Groups.

Structural color as a revolutionary coloration strategy has been proposed to replace the traditional dyeing and printing process. However, the poor colorfastness and easy crack formation of structural colors on textile fabrics restrict their practical application at present. In this study, poly (tert-butyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(t-BA-co-GMA)) copolymers containing reactive epoxy groups with different mass ratios of tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were successfully synthesized, which were used to create structural colors on black polyester fabrics. The results showed that P(t-BA-co-GMA) nanospheres could form crack-free structural colors on polyester fabrics, and the colors vary with the mass ratio of t-BA and GMA to obtain five different colors. The different particle sizes of the different P(t-BA-co-GMA) nanospheres with different refractive indexes and the arrangement of short-range ordered and long-range disordered in microstructures may be the reason of different angle-independent structural colors on polyester fabrics. The P(t-BA-co-GMA) nanosphere structural colors on polyester fabrics possess good abrasion and washing colorfastness. This research provides the experimental basis for the development of crack-free amorphous photonic crystal structural color on fabrics with high colorfastness to promote the practical application of structural color in textile coloration.

Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst Based on PdNPs Stabilized on a Green-Synthesized Graphene-like Nanomaterial: Effect of Surface Functionalization.

This work reports for the first time a straightforward and efficient approach to covalent surface functionalization of a sustainable graphene-like nanomaterial with abundant carboxylic acid groups. This approach results in an efficient and robust chelatant platform for anchoring highly dispersed ultrasmall palladium particles with excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of both cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic (eosin-Y, Eo-Y) toxic organic dyes. The large-specific-surface-area (SBET = 266.94 m2/g) graphene-like nanomaterial (GHN) was prepared through a green and cost-effective pyrolysis process from saccharose using layered bentonite clay as a template. To introduce a high density of carboxylic acid functions, GHN was first doubly functionalized by successive grafting reaction using two different strategies: (i) in the first case, GHN was first grafted by (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and then bifunctionalized by chemical grafting of tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether (TGE). In the second case, the grafting order of the two molecules has been reversed. GHN-GPTMS-TGE provided the highest number of grafted reactive epoxy groups, and it was selected for further functionalization with carboxylic acid functions via a ring-opening reaction through a two-step hydrolysis (H2SO4)/oxidation (KMnO4) approach. The GHN nanomaterial bearing carboxylic acid groups was then treated with sodium hydroxide to produce a deprotonated carboxylic acid-rich platform. Finally, due to a high density of accessible chelatant carboxylic acid groups, GHN-COO- binds strongly a great amount of Pd2+ ions to form stable complexes which after reduction by NaBH4 leads to highly dispersed, densely anchored, and uniformly distributed nanoscale Pd particles (d ∼ 4.5 nm) on the surface of the functionalized GHN. The GHN-COO-@PdNPs nanohybrid proved to be highly efficient for dye reduction by NaBH4 in aqueous solution at room temperature. Moreover, because of the high stability of the as-prepared graphene-like supported PdNPs, it exhibited very good reusability and could be recycled up to eight times without any significant loss in activity.