Reaction Of CuCl2 Research Articles

μ-1,6-Dioxo-1,6-di-phenyl-hexane-3,4-diolato-bis-[(2,2'-bi-pyridine)-chlorido-copper(II)] dihydrate.

The reaction of CuCl2 with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5,6-hexa-netetrone and 2,2'-bi-pyridine (bipy) in ethanol gave crystals of the corresponding bimetallic complex, [Cu2(C18H12O4)Cl2(C10H8N2)2]·2H2O. The mol-ecule is centrosymmetric with each CuII ion coordinated to two oxygen atoms from the tetronediate, two nitro-gen atoms from a bipy ligand and one coordinated chloride ion. A water mol-ecule of crystallization forms hydrogen bonds to the chloride ions, linking the mol-ecules into a chain parallel to the bc-face diagonal.

Cu(ii) 3,5-diiodosalicylate complexes: precursor-dependent formation of mono-, di-, tri- and tetranuclear compounds and 1D coordination polymers

Reactions of CuCl2·2H2O or Cu(NO3)2·6H2O with 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (DISA) in the presence of different amines result in structurally diverse products.

Synthesis, DFT and X-ray Studies of Trans CuCl2L2 with L Is (E)-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-(3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)methanimine

A novel approach was carried to prepare trans-CuCl2L2 complex with the ligand L, (E)-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)methanimine which was formed in situ during the reaction of CuCl2 with 4-(4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-5-phenyl-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3(4H)-thione. The synthesized compounds were characterized by applying various spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of the complex was unambiguously determined using X-ray analysis indicating square planar geometry. Intermolecular H-bonds govern the supramolecular structure of the copper complex. Aromatic rings are stacked in an offset packing due to occurrence of π–π interactions. The structure is further corroborated with a detailed computational investigation. A thione–thiol tautomerism for the triazole compound was also studied. The Schiff base 1,2,4-triazole copper chloride complex is expected to have high anticancer activity.

Synthesis, structure, thermal and magnetic properties of new tetranuclear copper(II) complex supported by multidentate ligand and glutarate functionality

A new tetranuclear Cu(II) complex, [Cu(H2O)4][Cu4(cpdp)2(glut)]Cl2·6H2O (1) was successfully constructed by utilization of carboxylate-based multidentate ligand N,N'-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N'-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (H3cpdp), in combination with glutarate (glut) and Cu(II) ions, and characterized systematically. Originally, the symmetrical flexible ligand cpdp3− is capable to bind two Cu(II) ions, leaving behind accessible binding sites for further coordination of exogenous glutarate anion which facilitates the assembly of two ligand-bound Cu(II) pairs. In MeOH/H2O, the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O with H3cpdp and sodium glutarate in the presence of NaOH results in the formation of 1. Complex 1 was characterized by different analytical techniques, including single crystal X-ray structure investigation. Analysis of single crystal X-ray structure shows that 1 is a self-assembled tetranuclear copper complex in which two dinuclear [Cu2(cpdp)]+ species are exclusively bridged by one glutarate functionality through μ4:η1:η1:η1:η1 manner, acting as a coligand. Thermoanalytical methods (TGA/DTA) were used to examine the thermal stability and it was observed that 1 is stable up to ∼190°C. Variable temperature (2-300 K) magnetic susceptibility studies show the weak antiferromagnetic interactions among the copper centers with the value of magnetic exchange coupling constant (J) of -0.5 cm−1.

Intensification of NO2 removal in sulfite solutions with reusable copper chloride: Mechanism and process parameters

A novel strategy was proposed to scrub NOx pollutant originated from sintering flue gases by oxidation combined with wet flue gas denitrification technology. CuCl2 that could be adopted repeatedly was introduced as an additive into the sulfite solution to enhance NO2 removal. Comparing with the sulfite solution (0.05 mol/L), the absorption efficiency improved from 75% to 100%, and the stabilization period extended from 10 to 40 min notably with the addition of CuCl2. The intensification by CuCl2 addition was related to the formation of CuCl during the reaction of CuCl2 and SO32−, which was found to be more effective in removing NO2. Afterwards, CuCl transformed to Cu2+ substance again and this mutual transformation between CuCl and Cu2+ substance indicated a cyclic use of CuCl2 additive. Moreover, the feasible reaction pathway was further proved by DFT calculations. Additionally, the investigation on NO2 absorption at various operating parameters provided theoretical support for the practical application of CuCl2 in denitrification.

AACVD of Cu3N on Al2O3 Using CuCl2 and NH3.

Cu3N has been grown on m-Al2O3 by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using 0.1 M CuCl2 in CH3CH2OH under an excess of NH3 at 600 °C, which led to the deposition of Cu that was subsequently converted into Cu3N under NH3: O2 at 400 °C in a two-step process without exposure to the ambient. The reaction of CuCl2 with an excess of NH3 did not lead to the growth of Cu3N, which is different to the case of halide vapor phase epitaxy of III-V semiconductors. The Cu3N layers obtained in this way had an anti-ReO3 cubic crystal structure with a lattice constant of 3.8 Å and were found to be persistently n-type, with a room temperature carrier density of n = 2 × 1016 cm-3 and mobility of µn = 32 cm2/Vs. The surface depletion, calculated in the effective mass approximation, was found to extend over ~0.15 µm by considering a surface barrier height of ϕB = 0.4 eV related to the formation of native Cu2O.

Exploring the Antitumor Potential of Copper Complexes Based on Ester Derivatives of Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands.

Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pz)2COOH) and bis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pzMe2)2COOH) were converted into the methyl ester derivatives 1 (LOMe) and 2 (L2OMe), respectively, and were used for the preparation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes 3–10. The copper(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O or CuBr2 with ligands 1 and 2 in methanol solution. The copper(I) complexes were prepared by the reaction of Cu[(CH3CN)4]PF6 and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) or triphenylphosphine with LOMe and L2OMe in acetonitrile solution. Synchrotron radiation-based complementary techniques (XPS, NEXAFS, and XAS) were used to investigate the electronic and molecular structures of the complexes and the local structure around copper ions in selected Cu(I) and Cu(II) coordination compounds. All Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes showed a significant in vitro antitumor activity, proving to be more effective than the reference drug cisplatin in a panel of human cancer cell lines, and were able to overcome cisplatin resistance. Noticeably, Cu complexes appeared much more effective than cisplatin in 3D spheroid cultures. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antitumor potential did not correlate with cellular accumulation but was consistent with intracellular targeting of PDI, ER stress, and paraptotic cell death induction.

A new melamine-based Cu(I) coordination polymer with an excellent photocatalytic activity, therapeutic and nursing effects on the blood glucose regulation

A novel Cu(I) coordination polymer [Cu2(MA)2Cl2]n (1, MA is melamine) is reported here. It is synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of CuCl and MA. Moreover, this compound shows an excellent photocatalytic effect for methyl orange and methyl blue degradation. The biological activity of the compound on the blood glucose regulation is evaluated. First of all, real time RT-PCR is exploited to measure the aldose reductase activity. Then, the blood glucose concentration released into the plasma is determined. The CCK-8 is used to measure the toxicity of the new compound on normal liver cells.

Synthesis, and characterization of some Cu(I) complexes having propionitrile and pyridine moieties: An investigation on their antibacterial properties

The aim of producing new biologically active compounds lead to the synthesis of some Cu(I) complexes of general formula [Cu(C2H5CN)4][A] and [Cu(C5H5N)4][A] (1–4) {where A: counter anion = B(C6F5)4− and B{C6H3(m-CF3)2}4−} from the reaction of CuCl and silver salt of the corresponding counter anion. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, FT-IR Spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activities of all complexes are evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), using the micro-broth dilution method, against eight bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive), each with fresh clinical isolates. The MIC results were compared with those of Oxytetracycline agent as a positive control. In most cases, the compounds show broad-spectrum activities that were either, more active, or equipotent to, the antibiotic agent in the comparison tests. Complex 4 showed the greatest activity against Proteus mirabilis (Gram- negative) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 µg/mL, while complexes 2 and 3 showed the lowest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) with a concentration of 512 µg/mL.

Mono- and binuclear Cu (II) 3,5-diiodosalicylates: Structures and features of non-covalent interactions in crystalline state

• Cu(II) 3,5-diiodosalicylate complexes. • Mono- and binuclear complexes. • Halogen bonding in solid state. Reactions of CuCl 2 •2H 2 O or Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O with 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (DISA) in presence of trialkylamines result in structurally diverse products. Depending on the ratio of reagents and Cu source, there were isolated either mononuclear complexes (R 3 NH) 2 [Cu(DISA) 2 ] ( R = Et ( 1 ), n-Pr ( 2 ) and n-Bu ( 3 )) where fully deprotonated DISA forms 5-membered chelate rings, or binuclear paddlewheel-type (R 3 NH) 2 [Cu 2 (DISA) 4 Cl 2 ] ( r = n -Pr ( 4 )). General feature of these complexes is their ability to form halogen bonding (XB) in solid state; the energies of XBs were estimated based on the QTAIM analysis results (DFT calculations were used to get electron density, and then the topological analysis was used to estimate the energies via empirical correlations between the interaction energy and the potential or kinetic energy density of electrons at the bond critical points (3, –1)).

Synthesis, structure, magnetic and electrocatalytic properties of a dinuclear triazendio-copper(II) complex

A new dinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu2L4] is obtained from the reaction of CuCl2⋅2H2O with a triazenido compound, 1-[(2-methoxy) phenyl]-3-[2-pyridine] triazene (HL), which is prepared by the reaction of o-anisidine anthranilate, sodium nitrite and 2-aminopyridine. Magnetic investigation shows that there is an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between copper(II) ions. Electrochemical studies exhibit that [Cu2L4] can serve as catalyst for hydrogen generation both from acetic acid with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 48.95 moles of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per hour (mol H2/mol catalyst/h) at an overpotential (OP) of 941.6 mV, and a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with a TOF of 814.79 mol H2/mol catalyst/h at an OP of 836.7 mV.

Four Different Crystalline Products from One Reaction: Unexpected Diversity of Products of the CuCl2 Reaction with N-(2-Pyridyl)thiourea

The reaction of N-(2-pyridyl)thiourea with CuCl2 in methanol yields four different crystalline products: yellow dimeric complex, [Cu2Cl2(μ-Cl)2(L)2] (1), red polymeric complex, [Cu3Cl8L2]n (2), orange crystalline product with ionic structure, L2[CuCl4] (3), and colourless ionic compound LCl (4), where L = 2-amino-[1,2,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyridin-4-ium cation as a result of oxidative cyclization of N-(2-pyridyl)thiourea. The crystal structures of all these crystalline products have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 involves a copper(I) ion while in 2 and 3 the copper centre is in the divalent state. 1H NMR spectra for compounds 1–3 are identical and confirm deprotonated thioamide groups of N-(2-pyridyl)thiourea and the formation of a thiadiazolopyridinium cation in solution. The hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions were investigated in the solid state. In addition, all crystalline products 1–4 exhibit also S···Cl bonding interactions which consolidate the complexes into networks. The X-ray diffraction analyses indicate the absence of other crystalline phases in the crude reaction mixture.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrocatalytic Behavior for Hydrogen Evolution of a Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex of 1‐[(2‐Carboxymethyl) benzene]‐3‐[2‐carboxybenzene] triazene

A dinuclear copper(II) complex, [CuII2(L)2] is afforded by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O with a triazenido ligand, 1‐[(2‐carboxymethyl) benzene]‐3‐[2‐carboxybenzene] triazene (H2L). Structural investigation shows that the copper‐copper distance [2.3985(7) Å] is significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of Cu (1.40 Å), suggesting that there are metal‐metal bonds in [CuII2(L)2]. In solid, there is a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between copper(II) ions (J = –135.6 cm–1). In homogeneous environment, [CuII2(L)2] shows electrocatalytic activities for hydrogen generation both from acetic acid with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 32 mol of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per hour [mol(H2)·mol–1(catalyst)·h–1] at an overpotential (OP) of 941.6 mV, and neutral buffer with a TOF of 512 mol(H2)·mol–1(catalyst)·h–1 at an OP of 836.7 mV.

Synthesis, physicochemical, and thermal characterization of coordination compounds of Cu(II) with a pyrazole-type ligand

Four new coordination compounds of Cu(II) were synthesized with ethyl-5-amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (L) and different co-ligands. In the reaction of warm methanolic solutions of CuX2·nH2O (X = Cl, n = 2; X = Br, n = 0; X = NO3, n = 3) and the ligand in mole ratio 1:2, bis(ligand) complexes Cu(L)2Cl2 (1), Cu(L)2Br2 (2) and Cu(L)2(NO3)2 (3) were obtained. Unlike this, reaction of CuCl2 with the ligand in the presence of LiOAc yielded to the formation of dimeric complex of the formula [Cu(L)(OAc)2]2 (4), with four acetate ions as bridging ligands. In all these complexes, ligand L is coordinated in a monodentate manner through N2 nitrogen atom. The coordination environment in the dimeric complex is octahedral, while in the monomeric complexes the central atom is tetra-coordinated. The molar conductivity data in DMF show that the acetate ions in the dimeric complex are coordinated even in solution. In the monomeric compounds, the molar conductivity data increase in the order 1 < 2 < 3. Since the applicability of the coordination compounds depends on their thermal properties, the thermal decomposition of the complexes was followed by simultaneous TG–DSC measurements. The thermal stability of the monomeric compounds in flowing argon increases in the reverse order as the molar conductivity data. The course of the decomposition is different in the case of the nitrato-compound (3). The decomposition of 3 is followed by a strong exothermic heat effect due to the presence of nitrate ion which is a strong oxidation agent. The decomposition of the other complexes is endothermic, taking place in more or less overlapped reactions. The decomposition of the compounds is completed to 600 °C.

A square-pyramidal coordinated copper(ii) hydrazine dimeric complex showing reversible phase transition, dielectric anomaly and thermochromism

A square-pyramidal coordinated copper(ii) hydrazine dimeric complex was prepared by reaction of CuCl2 with trimethyl hydrazine showing reversible phase transition, dielectric anomaly and thermochromism.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Catalytic Property of a Copper Coordination Compound Based on In Situ Generated 2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid

The copper coordination complex [CuCl(2-OHNA)H2O]·H2O (1) was synthesized by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O with in situ generated 2-hydroxynicotinic acid and its crystal structure was determined by single X-ray diffraction methods. It was further characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and thermogravimetric analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.9797(13), b = 14.196(2), c = 7.0738(11) A, β = 96.897(2), V = 895.2(2) A3, Mr = 273.12, Dc = 2.027 g/cm3, and Z = 4. In the structure, complex 1 is linked into 2D sheets via intermolecular hydrogen bonding [N1–H1···O2 (−x+1, y − 1/2, − z+1/2); O5–H10···O2 (− x+1, y + 1/2, − z+1/2); O4–H9···O5 (x, y − 1, z); O4–H8···O5 (− x+2, y + 1, − z)]. The catalytic property of 1 was also investigated in the selective oxidation of benzyl-alkanes using TBHP as oxidant. Under optimized conditions, 1 exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity toward the corresponding aryl ketones. The copper coordination complex [CuCl(2-OHNA)H2O]·H2O (1) was synthesized by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O with in situ generated 2-hydroxynicotinic acid and the catalytic property of 1 was also investigated in the selective oxidation of benzyl-alkanes using TBHP as oxidant.

CuSe2/CeO2 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes for generating urethanes

The reaction of CuCl2, SeO2, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under the CO pressure in methanol produce a black solid, which is identified as cupric diselenide, CuIISe2 using various spectroscopic analyses. Impregnation of 5 wt% of CuSe2 onto CeO2 resulted in much more enhanced catalytic activity due to the uniform and highly dispersed particle. The reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene (NB) as a model substrate has been examined in the presence of the CuSe2/CeO2 as a single component heterogeneous catalyst, which is found to exhibit excellent catalytic activity for generating methyl-N-phenyl carbamate (MPC) in a highly selective fashion. The effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time have been investigated. A plausible reaction mechanism using this cheap heterogeneous catalyst is also presented, especially invoking the importance of CuSe2(μ-CO) species.

Homo and hetero-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex: Synthesis, X-ray structure and catalytic N-arylation

Two new dinuclear Cu(II) Schiff base compounds were synthesized, structurally characterized and their catalytic efficacy in N-arylation reaction was studied. Reaction of CuCl2 with two different polydentate Schiff base ligands viz. H2L1 (H2L1 = 1-(N-ortho-hydroxyacetophenimine)-ethane-2-ol) and H2L2 (H2L2 = 2-methoxy-6-[(2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl]phenol) has afforded two new very different in structure complexes [Cu2(HL1)2(µ-Cl)2]·(H2O)3 (1) and [Cu2L2(HL2)(µ-Cl)Cl]2·(H2O) (2). Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, elemental analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopic and TG/DTA studies. Complex 1 featured a simple dichloro-bridged dinuclear moiety, whereas 2 a hetero-bridged (chloro and phenolic oxygen) dinuclear compound. Catalytic efficacy towards N-arylation reactions between aryl iodide with aryl amine catalyzed by complexes 1 and 2 under homogeneous condition had been studied. Both the catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic efficacy in DMSO medium.

First Copper(I) and Silver(I) Complexes Containing Phosphanylphosphido Ligands

Three new complexes with phosphanylphosphido ligands, [Cu4{μ2‐P(SiMe3)‐PtBu}4] (1), [Ag4{μ2‐P(SiMe3)‐PtBu2}4] (2) and [Cu{η1‐P(SiMe3)‐PiPr2}2]–[Li(Diglyme)2]+ (3) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 were obtained in the reactions of lithium derivative of diphosphane tBu2P‐P(SiMe3)Li·2.7THF with CuCl and [iBu3PAgCl]4, respectively. The X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 present macrocyclic, tetrameric form with Cu4P4 and Ag4P4 core. Complex 3 was prepared in the reaction of CuCl with a different derivative of lithiated diphosphane iPr2P‐P(SiMe3)Li·2(Diglyme). Surprisingly, the X‐ray analysis of 3 revealed that in this reaction instead of the tetramer the monomeric form, ionic complex [Cu{η1‐P(SiMe3)‐PiPr2}2]–[Li(Diglyme)2]+ was formed.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Monomeric Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complex Involving N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine and Mefenamate

A monomeric ternary complex [Cu(tmen)(mef)2] (1) (where mef = mefenamate anion (C15H15NO21−, tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) is prepared by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O, mefenamic acid (mefH = 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid), and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Complex 1 is characterized by the elemental combustion analysis, UV-visible and FT–IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. From the crystal structure of complex 1, it is evident that each copper(II) ion is six-coordinate and is bonded to chelating tmen, and four O atoms of two mef anions (mef1–). In the crystal, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding exists between the H atom of the –NH group of mef and the O atom of one of the coordinated carboxylate O atoms, belonging to the same mef ligand. Complex 1 is tested for antibacterial properties against four strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spizizenii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The complex shows a biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spizizenii.