RC6 Block Cipher Research Articles

Reinforcing RC5: Dynamic S-Box Generation and Magic Square-Based Key Expansion

The ever-increasing and ever-demanding growth of the field of cryptanalysis imposesa continuous requirement foralgorithm modifications. This paperintroduces modifications in widely-used RC5 block cipher to cater to the increasing security demands, i.e. dynamic S-box generation and magic square-based key expansion. The main purpose is to improve the complexity and linearity of the algorithm as a result making it resistantto newly-devised attacks. A small (3 × 3) magic square is taken for generating dynamic S-boxes and constants to add unpredictable randomness during the key expansion phase. SHA-256 hash function is used for S-boxes generation meanwhile properties of magic square are exploited for constants derivation purpose. Proposed changes resulted in improved security against differential, linear,and algebraic attacks respectively meanwhile efficiency is still sustained so that this modified version can be well-suited for recentapplications that necessitate strong encryption services.

Ultra-lightweight FPGA-based RC5 designs via data-dependent rotation block optimization

Lightweight cryptography provides security to resource-constrained applications, such as embedded systems and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This work explores an ultra-lightweight implementation of RC5 block cipher, via two levels of serialization. We also exploit a resource-sharing optimization technique for the data-dependent rotation (DDR) module, since it is the most computationally intensive component of the RC5 block cipher. We present two RC5 hardware structures: (i) an 8-bit serial RC5 architecture using a dual-part DDR unit; this design occupies only 54 slices on a Spartan-6 FPGA device and is 69% superior in terms of Throughput-per-Slice (TPS) compared to the smallest 8-bit AES FPGA implementation, (ii) a novel bit-serial RC5 architecture based on shift-register LUT (SRL) primitives; this design consumes only 20 Spartan-6 slices and shows 81% improvement in throughput performance at the expense of only 5% additional area resources compared to the smallest bit-serial AES design reported. The proposed DDR-based optimizations and efficient time scheduling make our proposed designs outperform most of the state-of-the-art lightweight block cipher designs in terms of hardware efficiency (with regard to TPS).

A Secure IoT System Using Quantum Cryptography with Block Cipher

ABSTRACT In our days Iot technology used in a wide aspect of life and became an important topic for researchers in the scope of the technologies. Although all these benefits it needs more security and stays have security intimidation, such as data breaking or channel attacks via eavesdroppers and viruses, especially when the people used IoT for long distance for example for city or country, etc. or even using IoT to transfer secret information about things in big offices, for this reasons needed to use a method which increases IoT security and protection our special data. In this paper, we will use the internet of things IoT with quantum key distribution (QKD) and block cipher RC6 algorithm, where QKD is the science and art of using the quantum mechanical effect to perform cryptographic tasks and generates a secret key. Also, we need to overcome the loss of information which occurs because the information transition effected by noise or outside operators when using quantum cryptography, so the optimal solution is using the quantum bit error rate (QBER) to produce a more safe way for quantum communication among things in IoT techniques. QBER is done by using servers to correct error after sending a key for decryption method by another server to decrypt information using RC6 block cipher algorithm, during creating a secret key we need to calculate quantum correct probability and compare the result with threshold suggested and agreed by the servers.

Evaluation of Chaotic Properties Of CBC Mode of Encryption Embedded with RC5 Block Cipher Algorithm

Evaluation of Chaotic Properties Of CBC Mode of Encryption Embedded with RC5 Block Cipher Algorithm

A novel secure solution of using mixed reality in data transmission for bowel and jaw surgical telepresence: enhanced rivest cipher RC6 block cipher

Security threats are crucial challenges that deter Mixed reality (MR) communication in medical telepresence. This research aims to improve the security by reducing the chances of types of various attacks occurring during the real-time data transmission in surgical telepresence as well as reduce the time of the cryptographic algorithm and keep the quality of the media used. The proposed model consists of an enhanced RC6 algorithm in combination. Dynamic keys are generated from the RC6 algorithm mixed with RC4 to create dynamic S-box and permutation table, preventing various known attacks during the real-time data transmission. For every next session, a new key is created, avoiding possible reuse of the same key from the attacker. The results obtained from our proposed system are showing better performance compared to the state of art. The resistance to the tested attacks is measured throughout the entropy, Pick to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) is decreased for the encrypted image than the state of art, structural similarity index (SSIM) closer to zero. The execution time of the algorithm is decreased for an average of 20%. The proposed system is focusing on preventing the brute force attack occurred during the surgical telepresence data transmission. The paper proposes a framework that enhances the security related to data transmission during surgeries with acceptable performance.

IBADedup - Image Based Authentication and Deduplication Scheme in Cloud user Group

In recent times the cloud storage services are widely used for storage and processing. This has made the increasing demand for the mechanism or methodology which will provide the solution for reducing the use of redundant data, to achieve better space and bandwidth requirements of a storage service. Cloud computing enables all the remote workstations are light weighted where the operating system, services and user data are centralized in cloud servers and are shared by other users of the cloud. This sort of data sharing causes collusion attacks on an unsecure environment. Thus a secure protection scheme is needed to encrypt the private information. This may prove to be a problem because the distribution and storage of a key is difficult in a cloud with dynamic users. The proposed system provides distribution of key without the need for a secure communication channel using a group manager. This system also performs data De-duplication and prevents unauthorized access to a file using graphical passwords. Here the user selects an image to authenticate his identity. This image is split into 16 parts by the administrator; these 16 parts are generated randomly using a pseudo random generator technique. Then, the administrator holds onto 4 parts of the entire image to authenticate the user at time of login using Attribute Based Encryption. This helps the administrator authenticate the user and also prevents a revoked user from gaining access to a file. The Group Manager ensures the privacy of the files shared within a group by updating the user information to the database and by using RC6block cipher technique to encrypt the documents at time of storage. Thus when the user needs to download a file from a group a request is sent to the group manager and the decrypted file is then downloaded.

CB-ALCA: a cluster-based adaptive lightweight cryptographic algorithm for secure routing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) focuses on various properties such as, clustering, authentication, routing, security, reliability and resource usage. Among these security is a critical issue in hostile environments. In this paper, a cluster-based routing algorithm is performed through adaptive lightweight cryptographic scheme. Firstly, we form clusters using improved fuzzy C means (iFCM) clustering. Then we select the optimum and reliable path to send data using improved artificial bee colony (iABC) algorithm. To construct a path, we consider node degree, node residual energy, valid distance and node mobility. A lightweight encryption approach is concerned for secure data transmission using RC6 block cipher algorithm. Once the simulation tests evaluated on NS3.26 network simulator, the experimental results obtained showed for our proposed work and it achieves good performance in terms of memory usage, communication overhead, transmission delay, bit error rate, energy consumption, computation time for encryption and decryption and packet delivery ratio.

A Proposed Fingerprint Image Encryption Scheme Based on Wavelet Fusion

This paper presents two chaotic image encryption plans combined with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to encrypt unique fingerprint. In the first proposal, the fingerprint which has few details (low entropy) is fused with another image which is rich in details (high entropy) using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) prior to encryption. The fusion process is a pre-processing step to alter the homogeneity of flat areas in the few-details fingerprint image. Then, the technique of the Chaotic Baker map randomization is applied on the output fused image. In the second proposal, the fingerprint is fused with an image encrypted with RC6 block cipher algorithm prior to encryption. Several metrics are used in this paper for performance evaluation of the proposed encryption scheme including, visual inspection, histogram analysis, encryption quality analysis, and diffusion analysis. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed image encryption schemes give a proficient and secure path for unique fingerprint encryption.

HEVC Selective Encryption Using RC6 Block Cipher Technique

The high efficiency video coding (HEVC) partial encryption (PE) technique depends on encrypting the highly sensitive data on the video bit stream. The HEVC PE technique should keep the video format compliance, should be of the same bit rate, and ensure real-time constraints. The paper suggests an effective RC6 HEVC PE technique which encrypts sensible video data bits with low complexity overhead, fast encoding time for real-time applications, and fixed HEVC bitrate. These features result from using the low computational complexity RC6 block cipher for encrypting the selective video bins. The proposed RC6 HEVC PE encrypts the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients sign bit, the DCT remaining absolute values suffixes that are binarized by Exp-Golomb (EGk) order zero, the motion vector difference (MVD) sign bits, and MVD absolute values suffixes that are binarized by EGk order one. Also, this paper introduces experimental results that compare between the proposed RC6 HEVC PE and HEVC PE algorithms that use the Advanced Encryption Standard in different operation modes. This paper presents more details about the security analysis of RC6 HEVC PE including encryption quality test, key space test, statistical analysis such as histogram and correlation coefficient analysis, and sensitivity analysis such as the key sensitivity analysis. The achieved test results ensured and confirmed the security, reliability, and robustness of RC6 HEVC PE technique.

Novel Scheme for Compressed Image Authentication Using LSB Watermarking and EMRC6 Encryption

In the current era, transmission and storing of medical data in the digital form is of great concern and thus the requirement for content authentication has aroused. As a solution to these, digital watermarking techniques and encryption schemes have been used to secure medical data like medical images. In this paper a combination of two algorithms to provide image authentication for medical images in the compressed format is proposed. In the proposed method, the watermark image is encrypted using the Enhanced modified RC6 block cipher (EMRC6) algorithm and the encrypted watermark image is watermarked using the simple Least significant Bit (LSB) watermarking technique. The watermarked output image shows no visual imparity and the watermark which has been extracted has no visual difference. The test results show that the watermarked image has high quality and the watermark is very secure. Also the PSNR value of proposed method is 44.966 on an average and 43.0633 for the existing system where LSB technique is integrated with MRC6 for security of watermark. Hence the work is aimed to increase the embedding volume and make the watermark more secure which is the basic requirement of medical image security.

A dynamical systems approach to the discrimination of the modes of operation of cryptographic systems

Evidence of signatures associated with cryptographic modes of operation is established. Motivated by some analogies between cryptographic and dynamical systems, in particular with chaos theory, we propose an algorithm based on Lyapunov exponents of discrete dynamical systems to estimate the divergence among ciphertexts as the encryption algorithm is applied iteratively. The results allow to distinguish among six modes of operation, namely ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB, CTR and PCBC using DES, IDEA, TEA and XTEA block ciphers of 64 bits, as well as AES, RC6, Twofish, Seed, Serpent and Camellia block ciphers of 128 bits. Furthermore, the proposed methodology enables a classification of modes of operation of cryptographic systems according to their strength.

Watermarking of JPEG2000 Compressed Images with Improved Encryption

The need for copyright protection, ownership verification, and other issues for digital data are getting more and more interest nowadays. Among the solutions for these issues, digital watermarking techniques are used. A range of watermarking methods has been projected. Compression plays a foremost role in the design of watermarking algorithms. For a digital watermarking method to be effective, it is vital that an embedded watermark should be robust against compression. JPEG2000 is a new standard for image compression and transmission. JPEG2000 offers both lossy and lossless compression. The projected approach is used to execute a robust watermarking algorithm to watermark JPEG2000 compressed and encrypted images. For encryption it uses RC6 block cipher. The method embeds watermark in the compressedencrypted domain and extraction is done in the decrypted domain. The proposal also preserves the confidentiality of substance as the embedding is done on encrypted data. On the whole 3 watermarking schemes are used: Spread Spectrum, Scalar Costa Scheme Quantization Index Modulation, and Rational Dither Modulation.

An enhanced chaotic key‐based RC5 block cipher adapted to image encryption

RC5 is a block cipher that has several salient features such as adaptability to process different word lengths with a variable block size, a variable number of rounds and a variable‐length secret key. However, RC5 can be broken with various attacks such as correlation attack, timing attack, known plaintext correlation attack and differential attacks, revealing weak security. We aimed to enhance the RC5 block cipher to be more secure and efficient for real‐time applications while preserving its advantages. For this purpose, this article introduces a new approach based on strengthening both the confusion and diffusion operations by combining chaos and cryptographic primitive operations to produce round keys with better pseudo‐random sequences. Comparative security analysis and performance evaluation of the enhanced RC5 block cipher (ERC5) with RC5, RC6 and chaotic block cipher algorithm (CBCA) are addressed. Several test images are used for inspecting the validity of the encryption and decryption algorithms. The experimental results show the superiority of the suggested enhanced RC5 (ERC5) block cipher to image encryption algorithms such as RC5, RC6 and CBCA from the security analysis and performance evaluation points of view.

Performance Analysis of RC6, Twofish and Rijndael Block Cipher Algorithms

In this paper, Performance analysis of RC6, Twofish and Rijndael block cipher algorithms have been done on the basis of execution time and resource utilization. CPU utilization and memory utilization both are considered for determining resource utilization. These algorithms are parameterized algorithm and were designed to meet the requirements of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) competition and selected among five finalists of that competition. These three algorithms have a variable block size and a variable key size in their structure and encrypt four w-bits at a time. Allowable choices for w are 16 bits, 32 bits, and 64 bits. Twofish and Rijndael have same structure for encryption and decryption while RC6 have different. RC6, Twofish and Rijndael have 20, 16 and 10 rounds respectively. Performances of these three algorithms have been evaluated on key size of 128-bits, 192-bit and 256-bit in this paper. General Terms Cryptography, Block cipher, Symmetric encryption, RC6, Twofish, Rijndael

Performance Analysis of RC5, Blowfish and DES Block Cipher Algorithms

In this paper, Performance analysis of RC5, Blowfish and DES block cipher algorithms have been done on the basis of execution time and resource utilization. CPU utilization and memory utilization both are considered for determining resource utilization. These three algorithms are parameterized algorithm and encrypt two w-bits at a time. Allowable choices for w are 16 bits, 32 bits, and 64 bits. Blowfish and DES have same structure for encryption and decryption while RC5 have different. RC5 has 12 and Blowfish & DES have 16 rounds. These three algorithms have a variable block size and a variable key size in their structure. Performances of RC5 & Blowfish algorithms have been evaluated on key size of 128-bits, 192-bit and 256-bit while key size is fixed 64-bit for DES in this paper. General Terms Cryptography, Block cipher, Symmetric encryption, RC5, Blowfish, DES

Design and statistical analysis of a new chaotic block cipher for Wireless Sensor Networks

Security issue is a vital and active topic in the research of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). After surveying the existing encryption algorithms for WSN briefly, we propose a new chaotic block cipher for WSN and then compare the performance of this cipher with those of RC5 and RC6 block ciphers. Simulation result demonstrates that better performance in WSN encryption algorithms can be achieved using the new cipher.

A New Method for Encrypting Images with Few Details Using Rijndael and RC6 Block Ciphers in the Electronic Code Book Mode

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose an efficient method for encrypting images with few details using Rijndael and RC6 block ciphers in Electronic Code Book (ECB) mode. Images with few details are images with large areas of similar gray levels such as medical images, infrared images, and logo images. This leads to encryption leakage if the Rijndael or RC6 block ciphers are used. The proposed method solves this problem by using a preprocessing step to eliminate the repeated patterns before encryption. A comparison is held between encryption of images with few details with preprocessing and encryption without preprocessing. Experimental results verify that the proposed preprocessing method gives the encryption algorithms the ability to encrypt images with few details in an efficient manner in the ECB mode.

Digital Image Encryption Based on the RC5 Block Cipher Algorithm

Implementation of the RC5 block cipher algorithm for digital images in different modes of operation and its detailed encryption efficiency analysis are dealt with in this paper. The encryption efficiency analysis of the RC5 block cipher algorithm for digital images is investigated using several metrics including visual testing, maximum deviation, irregular deviation, information entropy, correlation coefficients, avalanche effect, histogram uniformity and key space analysis. The evaluation consists of theoretical derivations and practical experimentation. Experimental results have proved that the RC5 block cipher algorithm can be implemented efficiently for encryption of real-time digital images and demonstrated that the RC5 block cipher algorithm is highly secure from the strong cryptographic viewpoint.

Homomorphic image encryption

This paper presents a new homomorphic image cryptosystem. The idea of this system is based on encrypting the reflectance component after the homomorphic transform and embedding the illumination component as a least significant bit watermark into the encrypted reflectance component. A comparison study is held between the RC6 block cipher algorithm and the chaotic Baker map algorithm for the encryption of the reflectance component. We present a security analysis for the proposed cryptosystem against the entropy, brute-force, statistical, and differential attacks from a strict cryptographic viewpoint. Experimental results verify and prove that the proposed homomorphic image cryptosystem is highly secure from the cryptographic viewpoint. The results also prove that this cryptosystem has a very powerful diffusion mechanism (a small change in the plain text makes a great change in the cipher image). The homomorphic encryption using RC6 algorithm is more secure than that using the chaotic Baker map algorithm but not robust to noise. Thus, the proposed homomorphic cryptosystem can be used in different applications, depending on the core algorithm used.

Impact of Multiencryption in Data Security

The protection of data is the key mechanism for data security. The challenges faced to protect the data explore new algorithms. The evolution of encryption of encryptions in the field of cryptography may provide better security than single encryption routine. In this context, the multi-encryption came in picture. This paper deals the multi-encryption approaches of RC6 and XTEA block ciphers. The result and analysis of these approaches produce the security level and the processing speed.