Red Blood Cell Indices Research Articles

Differences in selected blood parameters between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs.

Cranial and upper-airway anatomy of short-nosed, flat-faced brachycephalic dogs predisposes them to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Periodic apnoea increased inspiratory resistance, and an inability to thermoregulate effectively are characteristic of BOAS, but internationally accepted objective markers of BOAS severity are missing. The objective of this study was to compare the selected blood parameters between non-brachycephalic (NC) and brachycephalic (BC) dogs, exploring the possibility of developing a blood test for BOAS severity grading in the future. We evaluated blood biochemistry, complete blood cell counts, red blood cell (RBC) indices, reticulocyte counts, a blood-born marker of intermittent hypoxia (glutathione, NO production), RBC hydration, deformability, and blood markers of metabolic changes and stress between BC (n = 18) and NC (meso- and dolichocephalic, n = 22) dogs. Reticulocyte counts and the abundance of middle-fluorescence immature reticulocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. BC dogs had significantly more NO-derived NO/NO in plasma than NC dogs. RBCs of BC dogs were shedding significantly more membrane, as follows from the intensity of eosin maleimide staining, and had a significantly higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration than NC dogs. Intracellular reduced glutathione content in RBCs of BC dogs was significantly lower, while plasma lactate was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower, and cortisol was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Eosinophil counts were significantly lower and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the brachycephalic phenotype in dogs is associated with alterations at the level of blood cells and, systemically, with oxidation and metabolic changes. The parameters identified within this study should be further investigated for their potential as objective indicators for BOAS.

Red cell distribution width is inversely associated with body mass index in late adolescents.

There are no studies that investigated the association between red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) indices in relation to obesity in a cohort of exclusively late adolescents. Hence, we aimed to explore this potential relationship. A cohort of adolescents (n=156) aged between 16-19 years was included. Iron homeostasis parameters [i.e. RBC, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW)] and platelet indices [i.e., PLT, mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW)] were determined on the automatic hematology analyzer. Their indexes (i.e. MCV/RBC, MCH/RBC, RDW/MCV, MPV/PLT and PDW/PCT) were calculated. Univariate binary regression analysis showed negative associations between body mass index (BMI) and RDW, PDW, and PDW/PCT, respectively, and positive associations between BMI and MPV and PCT, respectively. However, only RDW kept the independent negative association with BMI in multivariate binary regression analysis [Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)=0.734 (0.548-0.983); p=0.038]. Lower RDW values are the independent predictor of higher BMI in the adolescent population. As a low-cost and simply measured parameter, RDW could be a useful diagnostic biomarker in young populations with overweight/obesity.

Comparative Attenuating Impact of Camel Milk and Insulin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats.

In this study, albino Wistar rats that have developed diabetes as a result of the drug streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with camel milk and insulin. For this, 36 rats were divided into six different (n = 6) groups: control, control + camel milk, diabetic control, insulin, camel milk, and combined camel milk + insulin. A 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce diabetes. Rats with blood glucose levels exceeding 250 mg/dL after the induction of diabetes were taken into consideration for the study. The diabetic rats were treated with camel milk (50 mL/rat/day), insulin (6 units kg-1 b·wt/day), or their combination daily for 30 days. Throughout the course of the study, the rats' glucose levels and body weight were checked. In the diabetic control rats, a reduction in body weight and hyperglycemic condition was seen. Improvements in glycemic levels and weight gain were seen in the camel milk, insulin, and combined treatment groups compared to the diabetic control group; however, the combined treated group did not show the same degree of improvement as the alone treated group. Hematological changes in the diabetic control group included reductions in lymphocytes, platelets, total leukocyte count (TLC), and red blood cell (RBC) indices (mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)). Each group that got insulin and camel milk separately and combined showed improvement in these changes. The liver, kidney, and pancreas in the diabetic control group had worsened morphological alterations. These histopathological alternations were significantly improved in the treatment groups. Hence, this study demonstrates the antidiabetic effects of camel milk in comparison to insulin. These findings highlight the potential of camel milk as an alternative therapy for diabetes, although further research is warranted to fully understand its mechanisms of action and long-term effects.

STUDY OF RAKTASARA PURUSH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COMPLETE BLOOD COUNTS

Acharyas says that without the involvement of Dosas diseases would not manifest in the body. That's why it is necessary to understand the normal (equilibrium state) and abnormal (disequilibrium state) of Dosas in detail to know about physiological and pathological state of Dosas. The equilibrium state of Dosas is responsible for the maintenance of normal physiological functions. Seven types of Dhatu’s are described in detail namely Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra. Seven types of Upadhatusare produced by the Dhatu’s during their metabolism are Stanya, Rajas (Rasa Dhatu), Kandara and Siras (Rakta Dhatu), Vasa and Sattvaca (Mamsa Dhatu), Snayu, Sandhi and Sveda (Meda Dhatu), Danta (Asthi Dhatu), Kesa (Majja Dhatu) and Ojas (Shukra Dhatu). The body gets nourished when the Dhatu’s are in equilibrium state.1 Dhatu’s may undergo Vriddhi (in-crease) or Kshaya (depletion) depending on the nature of causative factors and responsible various disorders. Bala means biological strength or power of resistance against diseases. It may be correlated with the immunity of an individual. As the predominance of particular Dhatu, the number of Dhatu Sara present in the body of an individual will be directly proportional to power of resistance of an individual2. That’s why Sarva Sara individu-al have relatively higher resistance in comparison to Madhyama and Avara (Sara) individuals. CBC is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the count of WBC, RBC and platelets; the concentration of Hb and the hematocrit (the volume percentage of RBC) the red blood cell indices which indicate the average size and Hb content of red RBC, are also reported, and a white blood cell differential, which counts the different types of WBC may be included.

A study on metformin-induced anemia using red blood cell indices and red cell distribution width

Abstract Background: Diabetic patients on metformin may have increased risk of developing anemia. Hematological parameters can easily reflect anisocytosis and differential analysis of anemia. Hence, the study aimed to compare red blood cell (RBC) indices and red cell distribution width (RDW) among metformin and non-metformin users and to determine the association of the RBC indices and RDW with the dosage and duration of metformin. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study comprised 100 type-2 diabetic patients, dichotomized as metformin users and non-metformin users. They underwent face-to-face interview, clinical review, and laboratory investigations focused on hematological parameters and glycemic profile. Results: Participants of the age group of 51-60 years constituted 67% and females comprised 55%. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) were significantly higher among metformin users as compared to non-metformin users. Average dosage of metformin was 1281 ± 562.69 mg, and the average duration of metformin usage was 79.84 ± 20.39 months. The mean Metformin Usage Index (MUI) was 8.584 ± 4.4. The metformin users had significantly lower RBC count and higher values for hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and RDW than non-metformin group. Anemia was observed among 50% metformin users and 42% non-metformin users. Normocytic, macrocytic, and microcytic anemia were observed in 69.56%, 21.74%, and 8.7%, respectively, among anemic diabetics. MCV, MCH, and RDW showed a significant positive correlation with MUI. Conclusion: This study revealed anemia in 46% of diabetics, with normocytic anemia being the commonest type, followed by macrocytic and microcytic anemia. Metformin therapy had a significant positive association with MCV and RDW, which was both dose- and duration-dependent. MUI and hematological parameters can be effectively used as a risk assessment for anemia among diabetics on metformin.

Evaluation of hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell indices and microscopic examination of red blood cell in Sudanese blood donors in Gezira state (Sudan) - 2023

Objective: To detect hemoglobin level and Red blood cell indices in apparently healthy Sudanese male, to establish safety for both donor and recipient. To perform hemoglobin estimation and Red blood cell indices for blood donors using automated machine (Blood cell counter). Material and Methods: Venous blood samples were taken from 200 apparently healthy males donors and Hemoglobin level was measured using an automated cell counter (Sysmex KN21), accompanied by peripheral blood films were assessed to detect any abnormalities. Results: The study revealed that the mean hemoglobin values were 14.5 g/dl ±1.2076, with minimum count (10.1 g/dl) and maximum count 17.8 g/dl. Hemoglobin less than 12.5 g/dl was obtained in 30 donors (6%) and they were reported as fit for blood donation using copper sulphate for hemoglobin estimation. Those 30 donors actually they are not fit for blood donation because their hemoglobin concentration must be more than 12.5 g/dl. Conclusion: The study revealed that a significant number of anemic donors were not detected by estimation of Hb by copper sulphate method.

The predictive value of complete blood count-derived indices for major adverse cardiovascular events in MINOCA patients at 5-year follow-up

Introduction: The authors analysed the potential of red blood cell and platelet indices such as red cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean platelet volume (MPV) as predicting factors in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) patients of 5-year outcomes. Material and methods: Between 2010–2015 were identified 112 patients who had final MINOCA diagnosis and available laboratory findings. The primary endpoint was the 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events rate, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization due to angina. Results: Only RDW had a significant impact on long-term outcomes. 93 (83%) patients had RDW ≤ 14.5 (group 1), and 19 (17%) patients had RDW &gt; 14.5 (group 2). The mean RDW value was 13.58 ± 1.11%. In group 1 and group 2, mean RDW values were 13.18 ± 0.55%, and 15.54 ± 1.06% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. Patients with abnormal RDW values (group 2) characterized lower value of left ventricular eject fraction (60 ± 8% vs. 53 ± 13%, p = 0.024), and higher NT-proBNP values (3,170 ± 5,285 pg/mL vs. 6,200 ± 4,223 pg/mL, p = 0.013) as well as troponin levels (501–2500 ng/mL: 31% vs. 53%, p = 0.02). A statistically significant difference was observed only for all-cause death. All-cause death rates for no RDW ≤ 14.5% vs. RDW &gt; 14.5% were 2.2% vs. 21.1% (HR 5.09, 95% CI 1.03–25.2, p = 0.046), respectively. Conclusions: RDW was significantly associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in MINOCA patients at 5 years.

Dietary Dialium guineense stem-bark supplementation improves growth performance and haemato-biochemical characteristics of broiler chickens

Poultry farmers, particularly in developing countries, are concerned about the rising cost of conventional feed additives such as antibiotics. This has sparked a lot of interest in the search for phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) that can be used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in chicken diets. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of Dialium guineensestem-bark (DGSB) one of such PFAs, and its effect of its supplementation on the performance of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Fresh D. guineense stem barks were manually harvested, dried on shade and thereafter milled into DGSB powder. The DGSB was chemically analysed and standard broiler chicken diets were supplemented with DGSB at 0 (T1), 0.5 (T2), 1.0 (T3) and 1.5 (T4) g kg−1 feed. 200 day-old chicks were raised on starter mash from days 1–21 and finisher mash from days 22–47. Results suggested that DGSB is relatively high in fibre, ash and important phytochemicals. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) responded to incremental levels of DGSB linearly. Maximum ADFI was achieved at 1.5 g DGSB/kg feed. Birds in group T2 recorded the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.90, while those in group T4 had the highest FCR of 2.68. Broiler chickens on 0.5 g/kg feed attained higher (P < 0.05) final live weight (FLW) and average daily gain (ADG). Results indicated that dietary DGSB supplementation influenced aspects of the blood traits of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Results also show that DGSB had a quadratic effect on FLW, ADG, aspects of red blood cell indices, platelets, white blood cells, lymphocytes, glucose, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in broiler chickens. In conclusion, DGSB is high in fibre, ash and some beneficial phytochemicals and may be incorporated to broiler chicken nutrition at a supplementation level not beyond 0.5 g/kg feed for best growth performance and blood characteristics.

Erythrocyte indices in creutzfeldt–jakob disease predict survival time

AbstractBackgroundCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by propagation of abnormally folded prion proteins (PrPSc). Some fluid biomarkers have been reported to be associated with disease duration in CJD. Based on studies which have found that prion protein (PrPC) played a role in erythrocytic hematopoiesis, we evaluated the association between peripheral red blood cell indices and survival time in CJD.MethodWe retrospectively collected data on peripheral red blood cell indices, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW), from 125 CJD patients. Cox proportional hazard models were generated to determine whether red cell indices correlated with survival time of patients with CJD.ResultOf the 125 included participants, 70 (56%) were male, and the mean age at diagnosis (SD) was 60.3 (9.5) years. Hemoglobin levels (hazard ratio 1.710, 95% CI 1.124‐2.600, p = 0.012) and HCT (hazard ratio 1.689, 95% CI 1.112‐2.565, p = 0.014) were significantly associated with survival time after controlling for sex, age, and Barthel Index. Red blood cell count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW were not associated with survival time before or after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionOur study found that Hb and HCT were significantly associated with survival time in patients with CJD. These results may inform evaluation of the mechanisms of interaction between prion disease and hematopoiesis, and indicate that Hb and HCT may be potential prognostic biomarkers.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in newborn babies with and without late-term maternal iron deficiency anaemia

BackgroundStudies on animals have demonstrated that maternal iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) could result in decreased cochlear sensory hair cells and reduced amplitudes of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) of young guinea pigs. Thus, it is essential to study the functioning of cochlear hair cells using DPOAEs in human newborn babies with maternal IDA. The current study explores maternal IDA's effect on DPOAEs in newborn babies. MethodA total of 110 newborn babies with gestational age ≥34 weeks were considered and a ‘between-subjects’ design was used. The participants were divided into 3 groups- “Normal” (61 babies without maternal IDA), “Mild” (28 babies with mild maternal IDA) and “Moderate” (21 babies with moderate maternal IDA). The cord blood was collected and the DPOAEs were recorded for each baby for a range of frequencies (1 k – 8 kHz) and a range of intensities (70–40 dB SPL in 10 dB steps). ResultsThe analysis of both DP-gram and DP input-output (I/O) function showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) across the normal, mild, and moderate groups in the overall presence of DPOAEs as well as the amplitude across frequencies or intensities (70–40 dB SPL). Also, the overall correlation of RBC indices with DPOAE amplitude across frequencies as well as the slope of the I/O function showed no relationship. ConclusionThe current study concludes that there is no effect of late-term maternal IDA on the DPOAEs of newborn babies.

Haematological Parameters in Preterm Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Though reference haematological parameters are defined for neonates, ranges vary in preterm. Few data are available regarding the premature population during the first month of life. Objective: To observe the variation in haematological parameters concerning different gestational ages, birth weights and gender among preterm neonates admitted to NICU with common illnesses like respiratory distress (RDS), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) and sepsis in a tertiary care hospital. A total of ninety preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were analyzed over two years. Complete blood counts were obtained, grouped and analyzed according to the underlying diagnosis of sepsis, NNH and RDS. Clinical data were also extracted. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Mean, Chi-square test and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. P value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Result: Variation was seen concerning gestational age and birth weight. Eosinophils were significantly decreased in LBW, while a decrease in neutrophils and an increase in lymphocyte count were seen in EPT. Haemoglobin and RBC indices also showed significant variation according to birth weight. Conclusions research complete blood counts of preterm depend on the degree of prematurity, birth weight, and other clinical findings.

Histological and hematological changes to Clarias gariepinus juveniles exposed to acute doses of Emamectin benzoate in a static bioassay.

Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a potent neurotoxic pesticide, extensively used in agriculture and aquaculture in Nigeria. The knowledge of its toxicological impact to C. gariepinus in Nigeria is scarce. Thus, the investigation was designed to uncover its 96 h LC50, safe level to aquatic media, histological impact on fish liver, gill and hematological changes in the blood parameters. 96 h LC50 was 0.34 mg L-1. Safe level of EMB was 0.034 mg L-1. Dose dependent liver degenerations were characterized by; Congestion of the central vein by inflammatory cells, pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes, coagulation necrosis, focal necrosis, dilations of sinusoidal spaces and infiltration of periportal regions by inflammatory cells. Dose dependent changes in gill were characterized by; mucus secretion, shrinkage of secondary lamellae, hyperplasia, occlusion of secondary lamellae, degeneration of gill cartilage, necrosis of respiratory epithelia and erosion of secondary lamellae. Red blood cell indices decreased minimally at the end of the 96 h exposure. White blood cell count (WBCC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) elevated in three treatments. Neutrophils decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), basophils, eosinophils and monocytes showed mixed tendencies. The findings of this investigation imply that C. garipinus exposed to EMB may cause dose and time-dependent changes in the liver and gill histology as well as alterations in the fish's hematological profile, all of which were harmful to the fish's health. To avoid negative effects on fish in nearby aquatic settings, it is advised that the use of EMB be monitored and limited.

A study of association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures

Background: Seizure disorder is a common neurologic condition that affects 10% of kids. Febrile seizures are common in children between the ages of three months and five, with risk factors including genetics, age, gender, fever, type and duration of seizures, family and developmental history, multiple seizures, perinatal exposure to anti-retroviral medications, and pre-existing neurologic abnormalities. Risk factors include fever-induced substances, endogenous pyrogens, the cytokine network, iron deficiency, mutations associated with the Dravet syndrome, family history, high temperature, neonatal discharge, creche attendance, maternal alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy, and short time interval between onset of fever and first seizure. Methods: The hospital's ethical committee granted permission to proceed, and children hospitalised for other reasons were included in the control group. Blood indices and serum ferritin were compared between case and control groups, and statistical tools were used to evaluate differences. Serum ferritin levels should be between 30 and 300 ng/ml in men and 15 to 0 ng/ml in women, and a low serum ferritin level denotes an iron insufficiency. Results: The majority of febrile seizures were simple, with 6 (20%) having a family history. The case and control groups showed a correlation in temperature, haemoglobin levels, corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin levels. Six (20%) had low serum ferritin levels of less than 30 micrograms per liter, compared to 0.03% of controls. Conclusions: Iron deficiency is a significant risk factor for febrile seizures, with serum ferritin and red blood cell indices showing lower levels than controls.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RBC INDEX AND THE HBA1C LEVEL IN NON-DIABETICS IN JAZAN, SAUDI ARABIA

Objectives: Methods: To investigate the relationship between HbA1C and red cell indices in non-diabetics. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Abu Arish General Hospital and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. 5ml of anticoagulated venous blood samples from non-diabetic subjects were collected and analyzed to estimate the CBC, RBC indices, and HbA1c by Abbott and Sysmix Coulters. SPSS was used to perform statistical analysis on the data, and linear regression was used to determine the correlation. The t-test and P value were calculated to determine the signicance of the results. HbA1c and RBC indices were found to have a Results: signicant relationship There is a relationship between HbA1c levels a . Conclusion: nd RBC indices. The modulation of HbA1c levels in our bodies affects RBC indices. In diabetic cases, it is prudent to consider changes in RBC indices when interpreting HbA1c concentrations. So, when diagnosing diabetes, it is also advisable to consider HbA1c, anemia, hemoglobinopathy, and people who are at risk of having their red cells live less than normal

Bone marrow iron scoring in healthy and clinically ill dogs with and without evidence of iron‐restricted erythropoiesis

There are few reports in dogs that have evaluated the utility of semi-quantitative scoring of bone marrow iron stores in conjunction with reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) to identify iron-restricted erythropoiesis due to absolute iron deficiency or iron sequestration. An established system for scoring iron stores in human bone marrow samples was applied to dogs. The objectives were to evaluate interobserver agreement (Κω ), determine marrow iron scores in dogs without detectable hematologic abnormalities, and assess combined interpretation of iron scores and CHr to evaluate for iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Four blinded observers independently scored iron in 139 Prussian blue-stained canine marrow samples from 0 (none) to 6 (very heavy), including healthy controls (n = 12), clinically ill dogs with (n = 100) and without (n = 16) detectable hematologic abnormalities, and dogs with experimental nutritional iron deficiency (n = 11). Additional medical record data were available for 118 dogs to evaluate for other evidence of iron deficiency (abnormal CHr, RBC indices, serum iron variables, external blood loss, or nutritional deficiencies). Mean Κω was 0.69 (substantial agreement) for all samples but was 0.44 (moderate agreement) for samples with iron scores <3, indicating distinguishing scores 0-2 may not be reliable. Dogs without detectable hematologic abnormalities had scores from 3-5. Dogs with scores <3 and decreased CHr often had more indicators of iron deficiency vs dogs only having low iron scores or low CHr. Evaluation of dogs with marrow iron score <3 for external blood loss or nutritional deficiencies is likely clinically worthwhile, particularly if there is also decreased CHr.

Serum levels of erythropoietin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anemia

The important association of erythropoietin (EPO) serum levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with anemia has been inadequately studied and remains a controversial issue. We aimed to shed light on this matter by comparing EPO levels in anemic and non-anemic COPD patients, along with a review of published literature. This cross-sectional study was conducted on COPD patients referred to the pulmonary clinic of Shahid Faghihi Hospital and Motahari clinic, Shiraz, Iran, for one year. We measured complete blood count, red blood cell indices, serum iron, TIBC and ferritin levels, serum EPO levels, and body mass index. Among 35 patients in this study, 28 males and 7 females were enrolled with a mean age of 54.57 ± 8.07 years. The average Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) was 37.26 ± 7.33% and FEV1/FVC was 0.46 ± 0.12. Mean EPO levels were 30.29 ± 2.066 mU/mL. No statistically significant association was observed among erythropoietin levels and Hb, COPD severity, and age. There was no significant difference in EPO levels between anemic and non-anemic patients. EPO level, against the traditional expectation, didn’t increase in COPD patients. EPO production also didn’t compensate for the anemia of chronic disease which considers as a common comorbid disorder in these patients.

The development and application of a novel reagent for fixing red blood cells with glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe currently employed red blood cell reagents have a short shelf life. Some hospitals with a small number of specimens will be unable to utilize them within the validity period, resulting in a substantial increase in the purchase price. Therefore, the method of developing long-term red blood cell reagents is a problem worthy of further study.MethodsIn this experiment, the type and concentration of the red blood cell reagent treatment solution were evaluated based on the red blood cell antigen concentration 24 h after treatment. In addition, the qualified glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde reagent was stored for six months, and five red blood cell indices were measured every month. At the same time, the detection indices of treated red blood cell reagents and untreated red blood cell reagents were compared.ResultsIt was discovered that treated red blood cells containing 0.005% GA and 0.05% PFA were more suitable for the preservation of red blood cells than other treated concentrations, and the preservation time could reach six months. The test tube method (n = 24) and microcolumn gel card (n = 35) were used to determine the accuracy of the treated blood cells containing 0.005% glutaraldehyde +0.05% paraformaldehyde, with an accuracy of 100%.ConclusionThis experiment resulted in the development of a novel reagent for treating red blood cells with glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde fixed solution that can effectively prolong its storage time by two to three times that of red blood cell reagents currently on the market.

Prediction of Risk for Myeloid Malignancy in Clonal Hematopoiesis

BackgroundClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) are defined by somatic mutations in genes associated with myeloid neoplasms (MN) at a variant allele fraction (VAF) of 0.02 or greater in the absence and presence of cytopenia, respectively. CHIP/CCUS is highly prevalent in adults, and defining predictors of MN risk would aid clinical management and research.MethodsWe analyzed sequenced exomes of healthy U.K. Biobank participants (N=438,890) in separate derivation and validation cohorts. Genetic mutations, laboratory values, and MN outcomes were used in conditional probability–based recursive partitioning and Cox regression to determine predictors of incident MN. Combined statistical weights were used to define a clonal hematopoiesis risk score (CHRS). Independent CHIP/CCUS patient cohorts were used to test the prognostic capability of the CHRS in the clinical setting.ResultsRecursive partitioning distinguished patients with CHIP/CCUS with 10-year probabilities of MN ranging from 0.0077 to 0.85. Multivariable analysis validated partitioning variables as predictors of MN. Key features, including single DNMT3A mutations, high-risk mutations, two or more mutations, a VAF of 0.2 or more, 65 years of age or older, having CCUS versus CHIP, and red blood cell indices, influenced MN risk in a variable direction. CHRS was used to define low-risk (n=10,018 [88.4%]), intermediate-risk (n=1196 [10.5%]), and high-risk (n=123 [1.1%]) groups. In clinical cohorts, most MN events occurred in high-risk patients with CHIP/CCUS.ConclusionsThe CHRS provides a simple prognostic framework for CHIP/CCUS, distinguishing a high-risk minority from the majority of CHIP/CCUS, which has a minimal risk of progression to MN. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program, and others.)

Systematic Toxicity of Cypermethrin and Alterations in Behavior of Albino Rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeatedly orally administering cypermethrin (CYP) at different doses on the behavior, hematology, and histology of adult male and female albino rats for 1 month. For this, animals have divided into four different groups and each group contained 10 animals (5 males and 5 females). Group I served as a control group and groups II, III, and IV were represented as experimental groups and treated with CYP at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight/day/rat, respectively. Through the behavioral results of this study, it was observed that cypermethrin intoxication causes dose-dependent moderate to high toxicity symptoms like vomiting, decreased food consumption, thick eye discharge, rolling, tremors, loss of coordination, tilted neck, and convulsion attacks. A significant reduction in body weight of high-dose (75 mg)-treated animals, especially in females, was noticed. Similarly, hematological data also revealed that CYP exposure caused a reduction in the level of Hb, RBC, WBC, neutrophil, and other blood indices such as PCV and MCV and an increase in the lymphocyte percentage in both male and female experimental groups. Microscopic observation stated that CYP produced infiltration of cells near the central vein, hepatocyte degeneration, congestion of the central and portal veins, hemorrhage, and necrosis in liver tissue. Shrinkage of the glomerulus, necrosis in the glomerulus and renal tubules, congestion of blood cells, and hemorrhage were seen in kidney tissue. The current study suggests that hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to cypermethrin exposure were more prominent in female rats.

Hematological and biochemical profiles in children with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study.

Cerebral palsy is a common pediatric neurological problem that has multiple comorbidities, including nutritional issues. Hematological and biochemical parameters significantly affect the health status of patients with cerebral palsy, and till now very few studies have analyzed these parameters. This study aimed to describe the hematological and biochemical parameters of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. This four-year observational study included children with cerebral palsy who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of a medical college teaching hospital.Hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood count (WBC), red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume, RBC indices, and biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, electrolytes, calcium and alkaline phosphatase) were noted and values (mean, standard deviation, and interquartile range) presented. Age and gender-based analyses were performed. The average hemoglobin level was 11.48 mg/dl, platelet count was 301.24×109/L, and WBC count was 11.13 109/L. Anemia was observed more commonly in males younger than nine years of age. Of 282 patients, 14 (4.96%) had a platelet count of less than 150×109/L. Abnormal alkaline phosphatase levels were observed more commonly in patients who were younger than nine years of age and in females more than males, and the difference was statistically significant. Protein levels and calcium levels were similar between both age groups. Anemia was more common in younger patients and males with cerebral palsy. Abnormal bone turnover markers (alkaline phosphatase) were more common in young patients and females with cerebral palsy. Understanding the differential effect of age and gender on various investigational parameters will help improve care of children with cerebral palsy by initiating appropriate and timely clinical interventions, thereby providing a better quality of life.