Ray Absorptiometry Research Articles

No association between vascular aging and sarcopenia in healthy participants

Background & AimsSeveral reports inform an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia. However, both conditions appear along with aging. Therefore, their association may be circumstantial and not casually linked. Our aim was to determine if individuals with higher-than-expected vascular aging have a higher frequency of sarcopenia. MethodsIn 802 participants we calculated the association between pulse wave pressure and carotid intima media thickness and age and blood pressure, to derive predictive regression equations. In 161 of these participants we measured body composition by double beam X ray absorptiometry (DEXA), hand grip strength, rectus femoris thickness by ultrasound, activity energy expenditure by actigraphy and peak oxygen consumption and workload in an incremental exercise test. We calculated their expected values for pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness and compared muscle mass and function between those with higher or lower than expected parameters. In 60 of these participants, we measured body composition sequentially to assess its change over time. ResultsAge and blood pressure predicted the variance of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with R2 values of 0.94 to 0.97 and 0.54 to 0.66, respectively. No differences in the frequency of sarcopenia and in muscle mass and strength were observed between participants with higher or lower than expected pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness. In the group with sequential assessments, no differences in the change of muscle mass over time were observed in participants with and without accelerated vascular aging. ConclusionsWe were not able to find an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia

Brazil nut–enriched diet modulates bone mineral density and body composition in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease

ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on body composition and bone parameters in CKD animal model. MethodsMale Wistar rats were assigned to the following groups: Sham (n=8), Nx (n=6), nephrectomized rats, and NxBN (n=6), nephrectomized rats and an enricheddiet with 5% Brazil nut. Body composition parameters were obtained by dual-energy X- ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bioclin kits determined plasmatic calcium. The femurs werecollected to determine absolute mass and length, bone mineral density, and biomechanical tests. ResultsThe NxBN group exhibited a higher total body bone mineral density (BMD) value than the Nx group (0.177±0.004g/cm2vs 0,169±0.003g/cm2; p=0.0397). No significant differences were observed regarding absolute mass, length, BMD, and biomechanical parameters in the femurs of the groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found in plasmatic calcium levels among the groups. ConclusionsBrazil-nut enriched diet modulated BMD in CKD experimental model, and further studies are demanded to understand the pathways involved in this finding.

Parathyroidectomy Improves Bone Density in Women With Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Preoperative Osteopenia.

Osteoporosis and/or bone fractures are indications of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), especially in women. However, the benefit of surgery in patients with osteopenia remains unclear. To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone remodeling biomarkers changes 1 year after parathyroidectomy in women with PHPT. In the prospective, monocentric, observational prospective cohort with primary hyperparathyroidism patients (CoHPT) cohort, women operated for sporadic PHPT since 2016 with ≥1 year follow-up were included. BMD (dual-X ray absorptiometry) and bone remodeling biomarkers [cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatases] were assessed before and 1 year after parathyroidectomy. Referral center. A total of 177 women with PHPT (62.5 ± 13.3 years, 83.1% menopausal, 43.9% osteopenic, and 45.1% osteoporotic) were included. Parathyroidectomy. BMD change between before and 1 year after parathyroidectomy. Parathyroidectomy resulted in significant increase in BMD and decrease in serum bone remodeling biomarker concentrations. In the 72 patients with baseline osteopenia, mean BMD significantly increased at the lumbar spine [+0.05 g/cm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.07)], the femoral neck [+0.02 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.00-0.04)], the total hip [+0.02 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.01-0.02)], and the forearm [+0.01 (95% CI 0.00-0.02)], comparable to osteoporotic patients. Among osteopenic patients, those with individual BMD gain (>0.03 g/cm2) at ≥1 site had higher preoperative serum CTX, P1NP, and urine calcium concentrations than those without improvement. Parathyroidectomy significantly improved BMD and remodeling biomarkers in women with osteopenia, thereby supporting the benefit of parathyroidectomy in these patients. Preoperative serum CTX and P1NP concentrations could be useful to predict expected BMD gain.

The relationship between osteoporosis and non-dipper hypertension in postmenopausal women

Aims: Previous studies have shown association between hypertension and osteoporosis, however has not been evaluated alterations of circadian blood pressure patterns. The present study investigated the effects of osteoporosison the circadian blood pressure assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
 Methods: 68 patients (mean age: 61.3±8.7 years, 34 dipper and 34 non-dipper patients) with postmenopausal hypertension (HT) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed on all patients. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score by dual X- ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of lumbar spine BMD, optimal cut - off value for predicting non-dipper hypertension (NDHT). 
 Results: T-score and BMD in non-dipper patients were lower than the dipper patients. There was a significant correlation between the rate of fall in night of mean blood pressure and both lumbar spine T-score and lumbar spine BMD (r= 0.330 and P =0.006 vs r=0.322 and P =0.007, respectively). A lumbar spine BMD

Correlation and Validation of Body Composition Analyzers (i Series) with Dual Energy X- ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

This paper presents the development and evaluation of the i Series BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) device (models i20, i25, i30, i35, i50, i55), by MEDIANA Co., Ltd. The device utilizes a tetra-polar electrode method incorporating 8-point electrodes to improve the accuracy and reliability of body composition analysis. This paper employs a multi-frequency segmental measurement method with a wide range of measurement frequencies from 1 kHz to 1000 kHz. In comparing the correlation between Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and BIA devices for fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass measurements, the results demonstrated a high correlation, with a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.984 for fat-free mass and 0.983 for muscle mass, respectively.

Circulating level of β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a novel myokine-like molecule, is inversely associated with fat mass in patients with heart failure.

Results of experimental studies have shown that β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), an exercise-induced myokine-like molecule, is an endogenous negative regulator of fat mass in mice, but it remains unclear whether that is the case in humans, though an enhanced BAIBA concentration in patients receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors was found in our recent study. The objective of this study was to analyze the determinants of circulating BAIBA concentration in humans, with focus on the possible link between circulating BAIBA and body composition including fat mass. Data for 188 consecutive patients with heart failure (HF, 64 ± 13years; 70% male) who received a dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for assessment of body composition including fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were used in this study. Plasma BAIBA concentration in a fasting state after stabilization of HF was determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography. Plasma BAIBA was detected in 66% of the patients. In simple linear regression analyses of data from patients in whom plasma BAIBA was detected, plasma BAIBA concentration was positively correlated with uric acid and was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), FMI, and % body fat. There were no correlations between plasma BAIBA concentration and indexes of muscle mass and bone mass. The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that FMI and % body fat in addition to BMI, but not ASMI, were independent explanatory factors for plasma BAIBA concentration. In conclusion, plasma BAIBA concentration is inversely correlated with indexes of fat mass, indicating that BAIBA may be a therapeutic target for excessive fat accumulation.

The Professional Level and its Impact on Muscle Mechanical and Functional Performance in Costa Rican Soccer Players

This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body mass right lower limb 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; lean body mass left lower limb 10.09 ± 0.92 kg. The variables assessed were muscle time of contraction, muscle radial displacement, delay time, squat jump, and countermovement jump. The devices used were dual ray absorptiometry, tensiomyography, and jump platform. There were differences in weight, body mass, and body fat % (Pro A< U17<Pro B). There was a difference in group squat jump performance (Pro A> U17). There were no significant differences in muscle time of contraction, delay time, or radial deformation. The knowledge of differences in both muscle functional and mechanical performance could lead to new training and recovery methods and protocols considering the player’s professional levels.

Cross-Sectional Study of Knee Bone Mineral Density and Fragility Fractures in Patients with Neurological Injuries and Neuromuscular Disorders

Background: Patients with neurological injury and neuromuscular disorders are at increased risk for osteoporosis and fragility fracture. This cross-sectional study investigated whether knee bone mineral density (BMD) correlates with fragility fracture in patients with neurological injury and neuromuscular injuries. Methodology: In this retrospective chart review, 435 participants underwent dual-energy X–ray absorptiometry (DXA) for BMD analysis. Distal femur and proximal tibial BMD measurements were performed as per the Toronto protocol. Spine, hip, and forearm DXA was performed following the standards of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry, 2019. Blinded and independent clinical evaluations and laboratory exams were performed. Participants were divided into groups with and without fracture confirmed by clinical history and radiography. Results: Distal femur and proximal tibial BMD were measured in 288/435 (66.2%) participants. Osteoporosis was noted in 138/288 (47.9%) patients. Fractures occurred in 95/435 participants (21.8%), including one fracture in 64/435 participants (14.7%), two fractures in 24/435 participants (5.5%), and greater than two fractures in 7/435 patients (1.6%). Fractures were noted in 23/54 (42.6%) participants with post-polio syndrome, 21/66 with brain injury (31.8%), 3/10 (30%) with brain injury and spinal cord injury, 24/98 (24.5%) with neuromuscular disorders, 9/52 (17.3%) with nontraumatic spinal cord injury, and 15/155 (9.7%) with traumatic spinal cord injury. The median BMD of the knee and hip was lower in participants with fractures. Distal femur and proximal tibial BMD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.45) remained independently associated with fragility fracture in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Proximal tibial and distal femur BMD measurements offered additional information on neurological injury and neuromuscular disorders.

P8.037: Changes in Body Composition After Renal Transplant in Children

Introduction: Due to the relationship between adipose tissue and cardiovascular outcomes, it is important to monitor the changes in body composition after renal transplant. The aim of the study was to describe the changes in body composition in children during the first-year post- renal transplant. Methods: We included a cohort of patients aged 5-18 years transplanted between 2014-2017, all signed informed consent/assent. A dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measurement was performed in the first three months after renal transplant and 12 months afterwards. Bone mineral content (BMC, fat mass (FM), non-bone lean mass (LM) and the index lean mass/Fat mass was calculated to evaluate the proportion of lean mass related to fat. Results: 50 patients were included, 51% males, 69% adolescents. At baseline low height was found in 78%; by body mass index 69% were normal, 14% had overweight, 4% obesity and 12% were emaciated. By body composition median FM was 26% for female children, 27% for males; in adolescents it was 34% for females and 22% for males. At 12 months the frequency of subjects with normal weight increased to 80%, diminishing the frequency of overweight to 12% and obesity to 2%, only 6% continue emaciated. The changes in the body fat percentage in males was -0.01% whereas in females increased 0.03%, p>0.05. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate body composition changes in pediatric renal transplant receptors, we found that they continue with low height. No significant changes were found at 12 months in BF- LM in Mexican transplanted -children. Adolescent women tend to acquire more fat. Financed by Fondos Federales 2014/009.

Effects of Different Levels of Weightlifting Training on Bone Mineral Density in a Group of Adolescents

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of weightlifting training on bone mineral density (BMD) at different body sites (whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL)) in a group of adolescents. Three groups of pubertal boys aged 13-15 years were recruited, including a control group (which included 13 untrained adolescents), a moderately trained group (which included 13 non-elite weightlifters, with four sessions of 2 hours per week) and a highly trained group (which included 13 elite weightlifters, with eight sessions of 2 hours per week). The three groups were paired for age and maturation index (using Tanner stages). Body composition, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were evaluated by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical performance variables (including weightlifting specific exercises, counter movement jump and squat jump) were measured using validated methods. Results showed that the values of BMD and physical performance variables were greater in the group of elite weightlifters compared to the group of non-elite weightlifters and the control group. In addition, the values of BMD and physical performance variables were higher in the group of the non-elite weightlifters compared to those of the control group. After adjusting for lean mass and squat jump, lumbar spine BMD, FN BMD, UL BMD and LL BMD remained significantly higher in the elite weightlifters’ group compared to the two other groups. In conclusion, the current study suggests that elite adolescent weightlifters have greater bone health parameters compared to moderately-trained adolescent weightlifters and untrained adolescents.

Accuracy of bioimpedance equations for measuring body composition in a cohort of 2134 patients with obesity

Measuring body composition is an important issue to phenotype patients with obesity and to follow the nutritional care efficiency. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a simple and rapid technique. However, validity of BIA in patients with obesity remains controversial. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the validity of several BIA equations to assess body composition in a large cohort of patients with obesity by using dual X ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference. Seven BIA equations have been retrospectively applied on electrical data measured by BIA in patients with obesity with BMI equal or higher than 30kg/m2 and results were compared to DXA-derived fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). BIA and DXA were done the same day after an overnight fasting. Results were compared with Bland-Altman method and Pearson correlation. We also calculated the accuracy defined as the percentage of patients with DXA-BIA difference within ± 10% of DXA measures for FFM and FM. Data from 2134 patients with class I and II obesity (ob1/2, n=1452, 47.4±14.2y; 35.0±2.7kg.m-2) and class III obesity (ob3, n=682, 48.2±13.9y; 44.1±3.5kg.m-2) were analyzed. The best results to evaluate FFM both in ob1/2 and ob3 groups were obtained with Roubenoff's equation: Bland Altman bias at-1.96 and-0.82kg, Pearson correlation r at 0.93 and 0.87, accuracy at 75.7% and 83.3%, respectively. However, limits of agreements at 95% were high: [-9.42; 5.49kg] and [-8.16; 6.52kg]. For FM evaluation, Roubenoff's equation also showed best results for ob1/2 group (bias at-1.17kg; correlation r at 0.89 and accuracy at 79.1%) but not for ob3 group. In this latter group, Deurenberg's equation exhibited the best results (bias at 2.09kg; correlation r at 0.81 and accuracy at 76.8%). However, limits of agreements remained high. In patients with obesity, Roubenoff BIA equation should be recommended to assess fat free mass, even if limits of agreements remain high.

Vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in men with type 2 diabetes: Effects on Bone Metabolism.

There is an increased fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] patients independent of bone mineral density [BMD], both in men and women. Estrogen receptor [ER]-alpha and vitamin D receptor [VDR] gene polymorphisms may predispose patients to increased osteoporosis and fracture risk. This study aims to analyze the relationship of the ER-alpha gene and VDR gene polymorphisms with indicators of bone turnover and BMD in male type 2 diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetic men diagnosed with diabetes for at least one year and healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. BMD was measured by dual X ray absorptiometry. Gene polymorphisms were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism. Serum iPTH, calcium, beta-CrossLaps (cTx), osteocalcin, and free testosterone levels were also evaluated. Participants were 141 type 2 diabetic men [55 ± 8 years] and 100 healthy controls [53 ± 7 years]. BMD measurements were not statistically different between the groups. While iPTH [p < 0.05] and serum calcium levels [p = 0.03] were higher in men with type 2 DM; beta-CrossLaps [p = 0.0001], osteocalcin [p = 0.005], and free testosterone [p = 0.04] were lower than controls. The differences in terms of the frequencies of VDR Apa, Taq, Bsm, Fok and ER-alpha polymorphisms were not statistically significant between the groups. No relationship was observed between polymorphisms and BMD in both groups. VDR and ER-alpha gene polymorphisms seem to have no effect on BMD and bone turnover in men with DM.

Bone mineral density and body composition in normal weight, overweight and obese children.

BackgroundThere is a possibility that excess body fat affects bone mass gain and may compromise skeletal health in obese children. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in normal weight, overweight and obese children.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 6- to 11-year-old children who attended the hospital's outpatient clinic. They were apparently healthy and had no history of prematurity, low birth weight, or chronic diseases. Body mass index (BMI) was used to identify subjects as normal weight, overweight or obese. BMD and body composition were assessed by dual energy X–ray absorptiometry. The BMD values (total and lumbar spine) were compared between normal weight, overweight and obese children. Correlation coefficients were calculated, and multivariate models were performed.ResultsForty-nine children were included: 16 with normal weight, 15 that were overweight and 18 with obesity; the mean age was 8.4 ± 1.7 years. All the participants had a normal BMD (> – 2 SD). BMD was higher in obese children and had a positive correlation with total and trunk lean mass in the three study groups (p < 0.001). In obese children, an inverse correlation of lumbar spine BMD (Z score) with total and trunk fat mass (p < 0.05) was identified. In the multivariate models (with the whole group), the total lean mass was the only significant variable that explained BMD variability.ConclusionsBMD in obese children was higher than that in normal weight children, which is explained by their greater lean mass and not by excess body fat. In obese children, a higher fat mass was related to a lower lumbar spine BMD. Lean mass had a direct correlation with BMD in the three study groups and was the most important predictor of BMD, reflecting the importance of strengthening the muscular system through performing physical activity and practicing a healthy lifestyle.

Dual energy X - ray absorptiometry to measure lean muscle mass in FSHD (P16-13.005)

Dual energy X - ray absorptiometry to measure lean muscle mass in FSHD (P16-13.005)

Effect of Irregular Treatment on Severity of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that is associated with progressive disability and systemic complications. One of these complications is osteoporosis. Patients with severe osteoporosis have one or more fragility fractures in addition to T-score -2.5 or lower. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis patients who have higher disease activity. Objective: To show the effect of irregular treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the severity of osteoporosis. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 40 female patients who had rheumatoid arthritis. The data collected from patients include disease duration, disease activity and patients’ compliance to their drugs. They were sent to dual-energy x- ray absorptiometry scan and results were recorded. Results: The mean age was 45.95 ± 10.0 years; 45% of them had rheumatoid arthritis for less than five years; 55% had a low level of disease activity; and 65% of them had received treatment irregularly. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 60% of them and 41.7% of them had severe osteoporosis. The highest prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with rheumatoid arthritis was seen significantly among older patients, patients with longer duration of rheumatoid arthritis, those with higher activity of rheumatoid arthritis, and those with irregular treatment. More than half of those who received treatment irregularly had severe osteoporosis with a significant association between treatment regularity of rheumatoid arthritis and severity of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Severe osteoporosis occurs in rheumatoid arthritis patients with a history of irregular treatment which occurs either due to patient incompliance or delay in diagnosis. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis patients with longer disease duration, older age, higher disease activity and those who received treatment irregularly. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis, Irregular Treatment

Accuracy of bia equations to measure body composition in a cohort of 2134 obese patients

Rationale: Measuring body composition is an important issue to phenotype obese patients and to follow the nutritional care efficiency. Bioimpedance (BIA) is a simple and rapid technique. However, validity of BIA in patients with obesity remains controversial. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the validity of several BIA equations to assess body composition in a large cohort of obese patients by using dual X ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference.

Sarcopenia and poor muscle quality associated with severe obesity in young adults and middle-aged adults

Sarcopenia is a muscle disease that is associated with a decline in muscle strength and function. When this condition coexists with sarcopenia, it is characterized as sarcopenic obesity (OS), and is associated with worse outcomes of physical functions. The aim of this study was to investigate sarcopenia in obesity and its relationship with body composition in young adults with grade II and grade III obesity. Analytical, cross-sectional study. Volunteers of both sexes were selected, aged between 20 and 59 years, and who had a BMI ≥35kg/m2 with the presence of comorbidities or BMI> 40kg/m2. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The following parameters of sarcopenia included handgrip strength (HGS), chair stand, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), ASM adjusted by weight and ASM adjusted by BMI; HGS adjusted by ASM and gait speed. 108 volunteers, of both sexes, with a mean age of 43, ±11.7 years, were evaluated. 2% had dinapenia and 33% low leg muscle strength. The prevalence of sarcopenia varied between 11.1% and 13.9%, corresponding to the confirmatory criteria of low muscle quantity and low muscle quality, respectively, particularly affecting middle-aged women. We found a reduction in HGS by ASM with an increase in BMI and fat mass (kg) in both age groups, being significant among middle-aged adults (40-59 years). Even with young adults, we observed changes in all parameters with a negative impact on strength, mass and muscle function. Muscle quality can be considered an important risk factor for functional disability and should be considered in the assessment of sarcopenia. The results show the need to standardize criteria for the assessment of sarcopenia in young adults with severe obesity, since the prevalence differed widely.

Bone remodeling and implant migration of uncemented femoral and cemented asymmetrical tibial components in total knee arthroplasty -\xa0DXA and RSA evaluation with 2-year follow up

BackgroundAseptic loosening is one of the major reasons for late revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The risk of aseptic loosening can be detected using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), whereby micromovements (migration) can be measured, and thus RSA is recommended in the phased introduction of orthopedic implants. Decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), as measured by dual-energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA), is related to the breaking strength of the bone, which is measured concurrently by RSA. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone remodeling and implant migration with cemented asymmetrical tibial and uncemented femoral components after TKA with a follow up period of 2 years.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 29 patients (number of female/male patients 17/12, mean age 65.2 years), received a hybrid Persona® TKA (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) consisting of a cemented tibial, an all-polyethylene patella, and uncemented trabecular metal femoral components. Follow up: preoperative, 1 week, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, and double examinations for RSA and DXA were performed at 12 months. RSA results were presented as maximal total point of motion (MTPM) and segmental motion (translation and rotation), and DXA results were presented as changes in BMD in different regions of interest (ROI).ResultsMTPM at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 0.65 mm, 0.84 mm, 0.92 mm, and 0.96 mm for the femoral component and 0.54 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.64 mm, and 0.68 mm, respectively, for the tibial component. The highest MTPM occurred within the first 3 months. Afterwards most of the curves flattened and stabilized. Between 12 and 24 months after surgery, 16% of femoral components had migrated by more than 0.10 mm and 15% of tibial components had migrated by more than 0.2 mm. Percentage change in BMD in each ROI for distal femur was as follows: ROI I 26.7%, ROI II 9.2% and ROI III 3.3%. BMD and at the proximal tibia: ROI I 8.2%, ROI II 8.6% and ROI III 7.0% after 2 years compared with 1 week postoperative results. There was no significant correlation between maximal percentwise change in BMD and MTPM after 2 years.ConclusionMigration patterns and changes in BMD related to femoral components after TKA in our study correspond well with previous studies; we observed marginally greater migration with the tibial component.

Demographic Characteristics with Osteoporosis in Post Menopausal Women Referred for Osteoporosis Screening by Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry

Aim: Association of various demographic characteristics with osteoporosis in post menopausal women. Study design: Descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Radiology Department North West General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, from 15th August 2013 to 14th August 2014. Methodology: Post menopausal women referred for osteoporosis screening were scanned for bone mineral density (BMD) of the left hip by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. Patients who were using any drugs or had any known disease affecting bone metabolism and patients already diagnosed as osteoporotic were excluded. Mean±SD were calculated for numerical data using SPSS version 16. Chi-Square test was applied. Results: Among the 318 post menopausal women, the mean age was 62.51±9.15 and menopausal duration 15.19±8.27 years. Mean BMI was 29.2±6.47Kg/m2. Parity ranged from 0 to 14 children, with mean of 6±. Overall observed frequency of osteoporosis was 38.1%. Osteoporosis was significantly associated with older age groups (p&lt;0.05). Majority of patients beyond the age of 70 years (58.3%) and with menopausal duration of ≥21 years (52.8%) had osteoporosis. Low BMI, defined as BMI&lt;18.5Kg/m2, was associated with lower BMD (p&lt;0.01). No significant association was established between early and late onset menopause and osteoporosis, as well as high parity and osteoporosis in our study. Conclusion: Increasing age, longer duration of menopause, low BMI, and physical inactivity were significantly associated with the presence of osteoporosis. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Menopause, Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Dual-Energy X ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPENIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN WOMEN USING DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY SCAN

Objective: To calculate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal females of Pakistan by using Dual Energy X- ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scan for the first time. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi. Female subjects aged 25 to 85 years were randomly selected and divided into premenopausal Group I and postmenopausal Group II using proformas filled from patient’s history. Each group was subdivided into normal (pre A, post A), osteopenic (pre B, post B) and osteoporotic (pre C, post C) groups by DXA Scan. Number of females in each subgroup were divided by total number of females in each group and multiplied by hundred to get the point prevalence in percentage for the month of December 2011. Results: In premenopausal Group I, prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 12.9 % and 43.5% respectively while 43.5% females were normal. In postmenopausal Group II prevalence of osteopenia was 42.6% and osteoporosis was 29.2% while 28% females came out to be normal. Conclusion: It was concluded that osteopenia is equally prevalent in females of Pakistan irrespective of menopausal status whereas osteoporosis is found to be more prevalent in postmenopausal females compared to premenopausal females.