Rawapening Lake Research Articles

The Variability of Surface Chlorophyll-a in Rawa Pening Lake within Five-Month Observations

The Variability of Surface Chlorophyll-a in Rawa Pening Lake within Five-Month Observations

Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Environmental Degradation by Using Landscape Approach in The Riparian Area of Lake Rawapening

Lake Rawapening is a unique landscape that naturally provides provisioning, regulatory, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services. On the other side, Rawapening Lake is an open access area that is subject to be vulnerable to any economic activities that lead to environmental degradation. This study aims to identify the spatial distribution of ecosystem services provided in part of the riparian area of Rawapening Lake using a geomorphological approach with detailed scale mapping and identify environmental degradation that occurred in the area in two time periods, 2016 and 2020. Data analysis was carried out using Scoring and Pairwise Comparison techniques to produce Ecosystem Services Index and Ecosystem Services Composite Index values presented in a Spatio-temporal manner. The results of the analysis using the Geographic Information System (GIS) show that the dynamics of the landscape that occurred in 2016 and 2020 caused changes in the provision of ecosystem services in terms of the area. In these two periods, the Landscape Lake Rawapening had the highest Ecosystem Services Composite Index(IKJE). However, the threat of environmental degradation caused by anthropogenic activities is always lurking and can lead to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the provision of ecosystem services from the landscape. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the physical and socio-economic characteristics of the study area to assist policymakers in formulating the determination of lake riparian area and zoning of related resource use.

Land Cover Mapping in Lake Rawa Pening Using Landsat 9 Imagery and Google Earth Engine

Lake Rawa Pening, in Semarang Regency, is one of the super lakes of revitalization priority. Lake revitalization is an activity to restore the natural function of the lake as a water reservoir through lake dredging, cleaning of invasive alien plants, and land use planning. This makes land use and land cover information in Lake Rawa Pening useful for formulating policy strategies related to revitalization. This study will discuss land cover mapping in Lake Rawa Pening. Mapping using Landsat 9 Imagery and machine learning on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Machine Learning used in this study is CART and RF. The research result shows that the land cover map with the best accuracy is obtained from machine learning RF with an overall accuracy of around 0.78, while CART machine learning is approximately 0.76. The overall accuracy values for CART and RF are not much different because they are both decision tree-based machine learning. This research needs to be developed using cloud masking, comparing image transformations, and comparing its predecessor data, namely Landsat 8. This is useful for providing representative land cover data as the basis for the policy of revitalizing Lake Rawa Pening.

Sediment export estimation from the catchment area of Lake Rawapening using InVEST model

Sedimentation is one of the main problems of the fifteen priority lakes in Indonesia, including Lake Rawapening. It has adverse impacts on lake, such as siltation that contribute to eutrophication and reduce the lake’s lifetime. Therefore, reducing sedimentation rate was set as one of the super-priority programs of the Lake Rescue Movement. Information on the spatial distribution of sediment export becomes important to implement the program effectively. This study aims to estimate the magnitude and the spatial distribution of sediment export from the catchment area of Lake Rawapening. The analysis was based on the Sediment Delivery Ratio sub-model. The results indicated that the total sediment export from the catchment area of Lake Rawapening is 501,628.6 tons/year. The largest export of sediment came from Galeh Sub-sub watershed, i.e., 161,091.7 tons/year (32.1% of the total sediment). However, Legi Sub-sub watershed has the highest average of sediment export per hectare, i.e., 42.9 tons/ha. High sediment export generally occurs in the upstream area with very steep slope, high rainfall, and dominated by dryland agriculture and vegetable farm land. Thus, efforts to reduce sediment export to Lake Rawapening should be focused on the hot-spot area, such as the upstream area of Legi Sub-sub watershed.

Reducing erosion and eutrophication through soil and water conservation practices in upper Lake Rawapening

Agriculture has been one of erosion and eutrophication sources in Lake Rawapening. Former research found massive fertiliser use on agricultural area in Rawapening catchment. Vegetable farming contributed the biggest percentage of Nitrogen and Phosphorus input that are 953.7 and 118 tons/year respectively. These were followed by irrigated paddy field with 845.8-ton Nitrogen/year and 208-ton Phosphorus/year. This lake has nine sub-watersheds: Parat, Sraten, Panjang, Kedungringin, Rengas, Legi, Galeh, Ringin, and Torong in which Panjang has the highest pollutant contribution to the lake. Since Panjang is the most significant sub-watershed and has extensive vegetable farming, therefore research to identify applicable practices in reducing erosion and eutrophication was undertaken in the area. Field surveys and interviews with landowners were employed. Field surveys included observing riparian, measuring catchment size, slopes, documenting existing land uses and ownerships. Interviews involved 52 landowners in Dusun Bendo and Ngonto, Desa Candi, Kecamatan Bandungan, Kabupaten Semarang. Based on existing practices and potential techniques, we propose soil and water conservation practices variables. They can be grouped into three: runoff farming, mini bridges, and terrace strengthening. Runoff farming consists of three techniques: individual/group infiltrating wells, on-site sediment traps, and drainage enhancement. Majority landowners choose infiltrating well for its easiness on obtaining materials and constructing. They also believe that wells have no disturbance on their vegetables. On-site sediment traps are rejected because of inundation concern, but farmers with very small landownership consider this choice as long as the traps has drainage system. Almost all farming land have mini bridges and terraces. They acknowledge that terraces were inherited from their predecessors.

Two new localities for Lobocheilos falcifer (Valenciennes, 1842) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a rare and vulnerable freshwater fish species of Java, Indonesia

Lobocheilos falcifer is a rare and vulnerable freshwater fish species from Java, Indonesia and currently listed as Vulnerable (VU) within the IUCN Red List. In 2019, three specimens of L. falcifer were collected and photographed on Rawa Pening Lake, Semarang Regency, Central Java Province and Solo River, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province as two new localities for this species, extending its distribution in about 80 km to southeast. We also provided the morphological data of this species as well.

Effectivity of bulrush (Scirpus californicus.) as a soil conditioner in increasing sandy and clay soil fertility

Abstract. Izzati M, Haryanti S, Hastuti RB. 2021. Effectivity of bulrush (Scirpus californicus) as a soil conditioner increasing sandy and clay soil fertility. Biodiversitas 22: 3423-3429. Bullrush (Scirpus californicus) is a species of macrophytes that often populates lakesides. This aquatic plant was rarely studied and its use has not been explored yet. This study was carried out to determine the effects of soil conditioner made from bulrush on sandy and clay soil fertility. Collected bulrush from Rawa Pening lake was milled into a powder and used as a soil conditioner in a proportion of 1:1. After a week, soil fertility was evaluated including organic matter content, water retention, the ratio of C/N, and bacteria population. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with two treatments and control. Resulted data were analyzed using a t-test to evaluate the difference between the two treatments. Results showed that bulrush powder application significantly increased sandy and clay soil fertility. The organic matter content significantly increased in both sandy (p<0,01) and clay soils (p<005). The water retention of sandy soil was increased by 74% (p<0,01), while in clay soil was reduced by 27% (p<0,01). The C/N ratio was significantly reduced in both sandy and clay soil (p<0,05), while the bacteria population significantly increased (p<0,01). It is suggested to use the bulrush as a soil conditioner particularly for sandy and clay soils.

Potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Rawapening lake as raw material for fish feed

Feed is a major factor in determining the success of aquaculture business. The quality and quantity of feeding properly will maximize the growth of fish. Various research and application of technology has been made to obtain alternative feed source so as to reduce the level of dependence on the food production industry. The eutrophication condition of Rawapening Lake has triggered the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) to grow out of control. It speeds up the loss of water weeds, cover the surface of the water into the fishing area and degrade water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of water hyacinth as an alternative fish feed ingredient. In addition, it is also an effort to control the growth of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake. The descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach was chosen in this study. After making flour, water hyacinth has a protein content of 12.51%. Water hyacinth fine flour mixed with other ingredients including fish meal and fish feed bisamenghasilkan rice bran protein content of 30.2477%. The results of testing the stability of feed in water (Water Stability Feed) showed that the feed was destroyed after being immersed in cold water for 17 hours. The buoyancy test shows the feed is classified as a submerged type. The feed sinks because it has a specific gravity which is greater than the specific gravity of water. The feed hardness test shows that the feed is not destroyed after being given a load of 500 grams. The heavier the load that the feed can hold, it means the feed is getting harder. Protein content of 30.2477% indicates that alternative fish feed has competitive quality because it is able to meet the protein needs of cultivated fish. Especially fish cultivated in tropical areas which have lower protein requirements (20-30%).

Review: Economic impacts of the invasive species water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): Case study of Rawapening Lake, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Maulidyna A, Alicia F, Agustin HN, Dewi IR, Nurhidayah I, Dewangga A, Kusumaningrum L, Nugroho GD, Jumari, Setyawan AD. 2019. Review: Economic impacts of the invasive species water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): Case study of Rawapening Lake, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 11: 18-31. Introduced species is defined as a conscious or unconscious effort to present a species of animal or plant into a new habitat. Introduced species have two pathways on their biogeographical distribution, namely becoming an invasive species or not becoming an invasive species. An introduced species which does not have a negative impact on the new habitat is not classified as an invasive species, while a species that is introduced and does have a negative impact on the new habitat is considered as invasive species. One of the problems that threaten freshwater ecosystems in Indonesia is the invasion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). This introduced plant species can reproduce rapidly, both generatively and vegetatively, and form very dense masses in water bodies, such as swamps, lakes, rivers, and channels including in Rawapening Lake in Semarang District, Central Java, Indonesia. This study is aimed to review the economic impacts of the invasive water hyacinth species in Rawapening Lake from two perspectives: the negative and the positive impacts, so that feasible solutions can be developed. There are several negative impacts caused by water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake. The overgrown water hyacinth in the lake hinders the fishermen in maneuvering the boats and fishing gears, reducing the fish catches. The extensive coverage of water hyacinth causes the reduction in soluble oxygen and blocks sunlight into the water, leading to the decline of fish population. The rotten water hyacinth can obstruct the irrigation channels of the fields so that farmers cannot produce maximum rice harvests and eradicating them would incur financial costs. On the other hand, there are also positive impacts of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake. This plant can be used as raw materials to produce a variety of handicrafts in the form of bags, sandals, baskets, wallets, and furniture such as chairs and tables. Water hyacinth can also be processed in biogas production and organic fertilizers. With careful management, water hyacinth can remediate polluted water caused by heavy metals contamination. In short, economically, the presence of water hyacinth in Rawapening can be both beneficial and detrimental. Proper management of this species is necessary to maintain the sustainability of this aquatic environment. r

Penurunan Kepadatan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) di Danau Rawapening dengan Memanfaatkannya sebagai Bahan Dasar Kompos

High sedimentation and the entry of organik and inorganik pollutants, especially P and N, have led to the eutrophication of Rawapening Lake waters. These conditions triggered an uncontrolled booming of water hyacinth aquatic weed (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). The presence of water hyacinth triggers a significant loss of water compared to local weeds through evapotranspiration. The invasion of water hyacinth causes various problems, including depletion of water oxygen content which has an impact on decreasing fish production, damaging natural beauty, and also affecting public health. Many efforts to control water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake have been carried out both physically and by utilizing biological agents. One of the efforts to control the density of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake is to use it as compost raw material. Water hyacinth contains various elements that are useful for making quality compost, including calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and others. Water hyacinth root contains sulfates and phosphates, the leaves contain carotin and the flowers contain delphinidin-3-diglucosida. The various nutrients contained in water hyacinth make quality compost capable of meeting the nutritional needs of cultivated plants. This article aims to review the use of water hyacinth as a basic material for making compost which is useful for fertilizing agricultural cultivation activities

Paleolimnological approach for management sustainable use of tropical lakes

Tropical aquatic resources provide ecosystem services, which are affected by human activities. Human-induced environmental change in Indonesian lakes has considerably increased since the new order in 1970. In general, many Indonesian lakes had deteriorated due to sedimentation and eutrophication, which induced the blooming of aquatic plants, mostly by water hyacinth. Water security becomes a problem, particularly in the dry seasons, but water overflow and flooding occur in many places during wet seasons. Landscape and climate changes, pollution, species diversity, preserved in lake sediment, provide long-term proof of environmental changes. This paper will discuss a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct past environmental changes. Paleolimnology is learning about stratigraphy sediment of the lakes where fossils are well preserved in the sediment and provide information about the past conditions of the catchment area. Lakes’ sediment records the changes in condition of the catchment area, like a diary book. Paleolimnology had been studied for Rawapening Lake and Telaga Warna Lake, Dieng. Reconstruction of the past environmental condition is required to predict future conditions. Reconstruction is an activity recreate past conditions by pointing the organism stored in layers of sediment, therefore, reflecting the environmental conditions based on organisms deposited, to develop the best sustainable water resources management, as in alignment with the concept of water – energy – food nexus.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Concentrations in Rawa Pening Lake, Semarang Regency

Lake Rawa Pening comes from a spring that comes out of the swamp, besides that there are several rivers that empties into Rawa Pening, including: Galeh River, Torong River, Panjang River, Muncul River, Parat River, Legi River, Pitung River, Praginan River And the Rengas River. There are three problems that cause damage to the Rawa Pening Lake ecosystem, namely damage to the water catchment area, damage to the lake border, and water pollution. This study aims to analyze Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) spatially and temporally due to damage to the lake ecosystem. The method used is Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), where 12 sample point locations were taken, there were 10 sample points representing each village (lake inlet and utilization) and 2 sample points representing the center and outlet of the lake. The average DO yield in September 2020 was 6.8 mg / L, then in October 2020 it was 4.65 mg / L and in November 2020 it was 3.04 mg / L. Then the average BOD in September 2020 was 3.16 mg / L, then in October 2020 it was 2.6 mg / L and in November it was 1.53 mg / L, so it can be seen that the DO variable and BOD both decreased from September to November 2020.

Assessment of the Impacts of Climate and LULC Changes on the Water Yield in the Citarum River Basin, West Java Province, Indonesia

Changes in climate and land use land cover (LULC) are important factors that affect water yield (WY). This study explores which factors have more significant impact on changes in WY, spatially and temporally, within the Citarum River Basin Unit (RBU), West Java Province, Indonesia with an area of ±11.317 km2. The climate in the area of Citarum RBU belongs to the Am climate type, which is characterized by the presence of one or more dry months. The objectives of the study were: (1) To estimate a water yield model using integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST), and (2) to test the sensitivity of water yield (WY) to changes in climate variables (rainfall and evapotranspiration) and in LULC. The integration of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) approach were used in this study. InVEST is a suite of models used to map and value the goods and services from nature that sustain and fulfill human life. The parameters used for determining the WY are LULC, precipitation, average annual potential evapotranspiration, soil depth, and plant available water content (PAWC). The results showed that the WY within the territory of Citarum RBU was 12.17 billion m3/year, with mean WY (MWY) of 935.26 mm/year. The results also show that the magnitude of MWY in Citarum RBU is lower than the results obtained in Lake Rawa Pening Catchment Areas, Semarang Regency and Salatiga City, Central Java (1.137 mm/year) and in the Patuha Mountain region, Bandung Regency, West Java (2.163 mm/year), which have the same climatic conditions. The WY volume decreased from 2006, to 2012, and 2018. Based on the results of the simulation, climatic parameters played a major role affecting WY compared to changes in LULC in the Citarum RBU. This model also shows that the effect of changes in rainfall (14.06–27.53%) is more dominant followed by the effect of evapotranspiration (10.97–23.86%) and LULC (10.29–12.96%). The InVEST model is very effective and robust for estimating WY in Citarum RBU, which was indicated by high coefficient of determination (R2) 0.9942 and the RSME value of 0.70.

TATAKELOLA LANSKAP RAWAPENING BERDASARKAN TINGKAT RESIKO BENCANA LINGKUNGAN DI SUB DAS RAWAPENING (Landscape governance of Rawapening based on the level of environmental disaster risk in the Rawapening Sub Watershed)

Lake ecosystem balance is influenced by the interaction and interrelation of upstream and downstream processes of catchment. Environmental degradation upstream affects the trophic status of the lake, triggering the risk of environmental disasters. Integrated lake management is a form of governance to achieve sustainable development goals. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Rawapening Lake management program plan spatially by considering the environmental risk conditions of the Rawapening catchment area. Semi-quantitative analysis is used to assess the level of disaster risk in Rawapening catchment area. The zoning results of environmental disaster risk areas are used as the basis for the implementation of the 2019 Rawapening lake management plan descriptively. The results showed that Rawapening catchment area has a very low, low, medium, high, and very high risk levels. Panjang Sub Watersheds, Galeh Sub Watersheds, Parat Sub Watersheds, Sraten Sub Watersheds have a high to very high risk level. The Rengas Sub Watershed, Torong Sub Watershed falls into the medium risk category. Low to very low risk levels are scattered in the Legi Sub Watershed, the Kedung Ringis Sub Watershed, and the Ringis Sub Watershed. The complexity of the problems in the agricultural, livestock, residential and industrial sectors is the main contributor to sediment and pollutants in the lake system. The integration of upstream and downstream processes is used as a consideration in conducting spatial planning for Rawapening Lake management to achieve management objectives

Utilization of Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Satellite Imagery for Detecting Aquatic Vegetation Change in Lake Rawapening, Central Java, Indonesia

Lake Rawapening has high ecological, historical, and economic value​​, such as in terms of agricultural irrigation, fisheries, hydropower generation, and tourism. However, a major problem faced by the lake is the uncontrolled growth of aquatic vegetation. Monitoring of the dynamics of the condition of the vegetation cover on the waters needs to be conducted periodically as one of the lake management efforts. We propose an Automatic Aquatic Vegetation Extraction method to monitor the dynamics of the condition of the lake's vegetation using multitemporal C-band radar satellite imagery. The method utilizes data from the SAR satellite imagery to ascertain the maximum water boundary, which can be used to distinguish between aquatic and terrestrial vegetation. The Otsu algorithm approach was used to determine the boundary between land and water areas. The method was applied on several dates, employing VV and VH polarizations. The results show that the proposed method could rapidly monitor lakes and their aquatic vegetation from year to year. The overall accuracy of the study varied from 79.48 to 88.46 percent, with an average of 84.4 percent.

Bio-concentration of Copper in the Oreochromis mossambicus and Safe Level of Consumption

Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal that is absorbed by organisms, such as Oreochromis mossambicus fish. This research aims to measure the bio-concentration of Cu in Oreochromis mossambicus and to predict the daily consumption of the fish. Samples of Oreochromis mossambicus fish were obtained from fishermen and collectors. The Cu concentration in the water and 30 fish was identified using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Questionnaires were employed to identify the demographic data of 101 respondents. The average concentration of Cu in the Oreochromis mossambicus fish and Rawapening Lake's water was 0.063 mg/l and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the bio-concentration of Cu in the Oreochromis mossambicus fish was 10.26±5.17 and categorized as low, while the average daily consumption of fish was 225±36.89 g/day. Therefore, it was concluded that the average bio-concentration and the daily consumption of the fish are in the low and safe category respectively.

Rawa Pening and the Surrounding: A Study of Environmental Determinism

Rawa Pening Lake is one of the landscapes in Semarang Regency. The existence of the lake has social, cultural, and economic impacts on the people who live around it, giving rise to a pattern of relationships between humans and nature. The relationship pattern between Lake Rawa Pening and the surrounding community is studied in terms of environmental determinism, that the environment shapes the culture and characteristics of the surrounding society Environmental determinism provides a scientific foundation to see how society lives and to see the society's mindset that is formed as a result of the pattern of human relations with nature. This research also focuses on the community's meaning of Lake Rawa Pening. The method used in this research is qualitative and data collection techniques with in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation, and literature study. The research was conducted in Bejalen Village, Ambarawa District, Semarang Regency. The results of interviews and literature studies show that there are several patterns of community relations with Lake Rawa Pening such as livelihoods by region, livelihood by groups, work equipment, local knowledge, and traditions

Estimating the spawning and growth of striped snakehead Channa striata Bloch, 1793 in Lake Rawa Pening Indonesia

The striped snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) is a commercially important fish in Lake Rawa Pening, central Java, Indonesia. This study aims were to investigate their age, growth, and recruitment pattern, through a sampling that was performed monthly, from November 2017 to August 2018. The individual fish was measured for length and weight, and sex was determined. The otoliths were collected, cleaned, and placed on molds to pour epoxy resin. The otoliths were cut to obtain slices and observed under a microscope at 100 × magnification. Subsequently, the age was determined by counting the number of daily rings. It was established that the snakehead spawned every month, with a comparably higher frequency in the new moon than in other phases, and mostly were 3–10 months old, characterized by bigger and older sizes during the rainy season. Furthermore, the average growth rate was observed to be faster during the rainy season in contrast with the dry season. Hence, the parameters of von Bertalanffy growth functions were estimated by back-calculated length, and the pattern in female was Lt = 56.09 (1 − e− 0.81 (t + 0.07)), while male Lt = 59.36 (1 − e− 0.71 (t + 0.09)), and total Lt = 60.32 (1 − e− 0.71 (t + 0.14)), respectively.

Biological parameters of Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) in Lake Rawa Pening Semarang Regency

Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) is an indigenous fish which is the main target of fishermen in lake Rawa Pening. This study aims to determine the biological parameters including length-weight relationship, con-dition factor, and sex ratio of bonylip barb in lake Rawa Pening, Semarang Regency. Fish sampling was conducted biweekly from October 2019 to March 2020, caught using bamboo blinds operated by local fishermen. Data collected consisted of total length, individual weight, and sex. Data on the length-weight relationship and condition factors were analyzed descriptively, while the sex ratio was analyzed with the chi-square test (χ2). The results showed that female bonylip barb was obtained as many as 392 individuals with a length-range between 10.0-26.0 cm and a weight range between 14.5-264.1 g. The male counted 255 individuals with a length range of 10.2-22.4 cm and a weight range of 15.0-160.9 g. The growth pattern was allometric negative. The equation of the length-weight relationship of female was W = 0.0186 L 2.9096 (R² = 0.9527), and the male was W = 0.0151 L 2.9689 (R² = 0.9386). The value of the average condition factor of females was 1.05, and the males was 1.02. The condition factor in females was in excellent condition (> 1.05), and males were in good condition (0.95-1.05). The overall sex ratio of male and female was 1:1.54. It means that females population was significantly higher than males.

The Influence of Paddy Fields toward The Seasonal Herbaceous Wetland Ecosystem in Rawa Pening Lake

Most of the tidal land in the lakeside of Rawa Pening is currently used for rice farming activities. This activity is thought to have negative impacts on seasonal herbaceous wetland ecosystem in this region. The study aimed to analyze the influence paddy fields toward the seasonal herbaceous wetland ecosystems in Rawa Pening Lake through an vegetation composition and structure approach. This study is a quantitative descriptive research with field observation method. Data of vegetation was collected using line intercept transect technique in the area widely of 625 m2 for each affected and unaffected ecosystem sample. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Sorensen Similarity Index (IS), the Margalef Diversity Index (R), the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index (H'), the Dominance Index (C), and the Evenness Index (E). The results showed that there were differences in the composition and structure of vegetation on the two ecosystem samples, seen from the value of similarity index (IS) between both of them that included in the low criteria (39.85%). The results also showed that the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') and the Margalef Diversity Index (R) on the affected ecosystem sample (H' = 1,9834; R = 1,825) are lower when compared to the unaffected ecosystem sample (H'= 2,1297; R = 2,112). So it can be concluded that the existence of paddy fields has changed the composition and structure of vegetation and reduced the diversity of vegetation in the affected ecosystem. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended to construct a sustainable management system of paddy fields on Rawa Pening Lake's tidal land as the effort for natural ecosystems maintenance in this region, especially in the biodiversity and ecological services preservation.