Types Of Raw Materials Research Articles

Сезонные изменения содержания биологически активных веществ и антирадикальной активности сосны обыкновенной шишек

The introduction of new types of medicinal plant raw materials into medical practice is an urgent task. Pine cones are harvested in huge quantities by forestry and are one of the by-products of logging. The rich chemical composition of this raw material is the basis for its possible medical applications. The aim. To determine the optimal timing of pine cones harvesting for obtaining a dry aqueous extract with antiradical activity. Materials and methods. For the study, cones of the Scots pine of the second year of life were harvested on the territory of the Ilyinsky district of the Perm Territory. Harvesting was carried out in the period from July to March. Dry water extract was prepared by extraction of cones with hot water. The content of procyanidins in extracts was determined by acid cleavage of procyanidins to anthocyanidins using the Porter method. The content of tannins in the extracts was determined according to the methodology of the State Pharmacopoeia. To determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts, a reaction with a stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was used. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the highest content of tannins is observed in extracts obtained from cones harvested in October, and the minimum is from cones harvested in March. The highest content of procyanidins in extracts obtained from cones collected in February and March. The lowest content of procyanidins in extracts obtained from cones harvested in August and October. The level of antiradical activity was highest in extracts from cones harvested in October with a sharp decrease in activity in November. From November to March, antiradical activity increases. Conclusion. All the studied extracts have a high level of antiradical activity, which makes it possible to harvest pine cones for extracts in the period from July to March.

НЕТРАДИЦИОННОЕ ПРИРОДНОЕ СЫРЬЁ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ФАРФОРА

The accumulated knowledge about the structure of a substance makes it possible to control its properties, including the purposeful selection of raw materials and materials for its creation, and vice versa, based on the natural or artificial material composition, predict its physical and chemical properties. This approach allows choosing a replacement for rare or even scarce types of mineral raw materials to produce a particular product. The analysis of literature data and sources, a comparative analysis of the Middle Amur Lowland loess-like rocks chemical composition, and one of the white porcelain recipes for the manufacture of laboratory glassware showed a high degree of their similarity. In this connection, it is proposed to consider loess-like loams as one of the porcelain stone types. At the same time, there are some differences – an increased content of coloring oxides in loess-like loam: TiO2 twice and Fe2O3 more than 10 times; reduced content of SiO2 and Al2O3 by 6–7%; the content of CaO and MgO is twice as high as in porcelain; Na2O is 1,7 less, and K2O is 3.4 more than in porcelain. Evaluating loess-like loams as a kind of porcelain stone, we can conclude that the rocks are alkaline according to the total content of alkalis (Na2O + K2O) - more than 3%. Potassium module (K2O/Na2O) is 1,54 – i.e. the rocks are suitable for the manufacture of porcelain. Thus, loess-like rocks are potentially applicable to use them as a corrective raw material in the production of ceramic masses, including coarse building ceramics, colored porcelain and porcelain-like products, with appropriate adjustment of chemical and granulometric compositions. At the same time, in order to clarify the proposed loess-like rocks options feasibility, it is necessary to conduct additional manufacture and technological tests.

Simulation Model Design and Improvement of Raw Material ware house layout with class-based storage method: A case study

This paper presents a simulation model design and improvement of raw material warehouse layout with class-based storage method at a company, namely PT XYZ. The identified problem lies in the raw material warehouse, namely the placement of raw materials is not in accordance with the type of class of raw materials and has not implemented the FIFO system. The total time for moving raw materials is 100.79 minutes which exceeds the time that the company has prepared for moving by 60 minutes. This study aims to design simulation model and make improvements to the raw material ware house layout of the company by using Class Based Storage method and ProModel software. Identify problems using a check sheet by looking at the actual state of the raw material warehouse. The initial simulation was made by looking at the average observation data of incoming raw materials per month and the cycle time of 30 days. There are 15 types of raw materials stored in the raw material ware house with 3 different storage areas. The initial raw material ware house layout simulation results with a total of 246 pallets get a time of 91.14 minutes. Furthermore, calculations are carried out using the Class Based Storage method and then forming classes according to the frequency of the moves, namely Area 1 with a total moving frequency of 68.21% which is placed close to the In/Out Area and Area 2 with a total moving frequency of 31.79%. After that, 2 improvement scenarios were made, the first scenario, namely layout improvements using the Class-Based Storage method, obtained transfer time of 85.17 minutes. The second scenario is the layout improvement and the addition of 1 forklift and the displacement time is 43.19 minutes. Based on the selection of proposed improvements using the Bonferroni Test, the best proposal was obtained, namely the second proposal with a reduction percentage of 52.6%.

Цепочки поставок критически важных материалов и национальная безопасность США

The COVID‑19 crisis and the Special Military Operation in Ukraine have showed how quickly and deeply global supply chains can be disrupted. This is especially true for critical and strategic materials. Many of these raw materials are critical to the European and US economies. They form a strong industrial base, participating in the production of a wide range of goods used in everyday life and modern technologies. Reliable and unfettered access to certain raw materials is a growing concern in the United States and around the world. Success in transforming and modernizing economies depends on the sustainable supply of primary and secondary raw materials needed to scale up clean and digital technologies in all industrial ecosystems. One of the lessons of the COVID‑19 crisis is the need to reduce dependency and strengthen the diversity and security of supply of critical raw materials. The expansion of strategic self-sufficiency is a priority of the long-term policy of the US and the EU. This article highlights the challenges and priorities for the United States to strengthen its strategic approach to building more sustainable commodity value chains. Strategic self-sufficiency, therefore, should, in the opinion of American and European experts, be based on diversified access to world commodity markets. At the same time, in order to reduce external dependence, the problem of rapidly growing global demand for resources is proposed to be solved by reducing and reusing materials. Achieving resource security requires action to diversify supply from primary and secondary sources, reduce dependency, and improve resource efficiency. This applies to all types of raw materials, including base metals, industrial minerals, and biotic materials.

Pengaruh Kenaikan Harga Bahan Baku Terhadap Keuntungan Penjualan Sate dengan Metode Korelasi Analysis

The culinary industry is an industry that is in great demand, one of which is the satay business. The problem that occurs is the increase in raw material prices which results in a lack of profit for satay traders. From this background, the researcher wanted to know the effect of the increase in the price of satay raw materials on the profits. Of the various types of raw materials, researchers took 6 main ingredients as a reference for price increases. The data was taken by observation to the management and library data, then analyzed quantitatively. The results of the analysis show that the most influential raw material is chicken meat.

РАЗРАБОТКА И ВАЛИДАЦИЯ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЙ МЕТОДИКИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ФЛАВОНОИДОВ В ПУПАВКИ КРАСИЛЬНОЙ ТРАВЕ

The aim of this work is development and validation of a spectrophotometric technique for quantification of total flavonoids in terms of rutin in potentially medicinal plant Anthemis tinctoria herb. According to the literature, Anthemis tinctoria is used in folk medicine as a hepatoprotective, hemostatic and means, and its extracts in the experiment exhibit antimicrobial, cytostatic and antioxidant activities. In this work, we used sample of Anthemis tinctoria herb harvested in the summer of 2021 during the period of mass flowering in vicinity of Perm city (valley of the Vasilievka river, Adishchevo railway station). The raw materials were dried at room temperature, with sufficient ventilation, without direct exposure to sunlight, stored separately from other types of raw materials. According to the experiments the optimal conditions for determining of total flavonoids: grinding the raw material to a size passing through a sieve with a diameter of 1 mm, the optimal concentration of ethyl alcohol extractant is 50%, the analytical wavelength is 410 nm, the extraction time in a boiling water bath is 45 minutes, the ratio of extraction and complexing agent - 2% alcohol solution of aluminum chloride - 2:5. The technique was validated in accordance with the requirements of State Pharmacopeia of Russia 14th edition, the relative error of determination with a reliable probability of 95% was 4.00%. The technique can be used in further work to conduct studies of biological activity.

Production of Nanocarbon from Local Raw Materials

This research aims at extraction of nanocarbon from local raw materials through a detailed study of its characteristics. The research involves study of thermal properties of fruit kernels (apricots) and walnut kernels, determining the optimal modes of the carbonization process for each type of raw material, developing a method for the synthesis of spherical granules by liquid granulation and determining the optimum concentration of the sulfuric acid solution used in granulation. Analysis of the results on the dynamic sorption of petroleum products showed that maximum sorption is achieved when using a sorbent obtained at 400∘C for 30 minutes. Temperature regimes have been optimized for obtaining sorbent from walnut shells with different carbon content. The hydrophobicity and oleophilic of their surface are common to all these materials. The dynamic conditions of the adsorption capacity processes under the sorbents were studied. Sorption efficiency and the specific capacity of sorbents were determined. It has been shown that the technological cycle of the studied sorbents can be repeated by repeated purification. When activated charcoal is used to purify water from petroleum products, the process of leaching with colloidal and finely dispersed mixtures – it was found that deaeration is necessary. The individual composition of the ether fraction OV-1 has a fixed liquid phase, Connected to Finuigan 4023 Automated GC/MS System mass spectrometer, It was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry in a capillary column 40 m long and 0.25 mm in internal diameter. The results of the Fure-IR spectroscopy study of samples based on the apricot peel, walnut peel, and walnut peel showed that winning symmetrical bands (2920 and 2851 cm−1) were observed in them, these bands belong to the C-H-valence oscillation belonging to the methyl and methylene groups. In the spectrum taken from a sample of apricot peel, absorption bands belonging to cellulose (1377 cm−1 and 1069 cm−1 ) were observed.
 Thermogravimetric studies were performed on an STA 449C Jupiter synchronous thermal analysis instrument in the inert environment at a heating rate of 10∘ C/min in the temperature range of 25–1000∘C. Analysis of the porous structure parameters of carbon sorbents were carried out using the high-speed analyzer of gas sorption NOVA-1200e by the method of imaging nitrogen adsorption isotherms at a temperature of 77K.

Experimental Installation Elaboration for Studying Structural and Mechanical Qualities of Meat Raw Materials and the Process of their Cutting

Topicality. The article provides an analysis of problematic issues related to the study of structural and mechanical values of food raw materials on the example of beef stomach and esophagus offal. Additionally, some tasks are presented in order to study the efforts in cutting offal with proper elements of different shape and parameters.
 Aim and methods. The aim of this article is to elaborate a fundamental design of experimental setup for studying structural and mechanical qualities of food raw materials and the process of their cutting on the example of meat raw, offal of category II beef stomach and esophagus. The following research methods have been chosen: an analytical review of modern and previously developed structures, technical design with three-dimensional modelling.
 Results. Based on the results of conducted work and studies, a model of experimental installation for studying structural and mechanical qualities of food raw materials and the process of their cutting has been offered. The main structural elements have been presented; practical recommendations have been given for their use on the example of beef offal (esophagus and stomach); the functionality of such installation and directions for further development have been highlighted.
 Conclusions and discussions. The scientific novelty of obtained results lies in the substantiation and ensuring the reproduction of the process of cutting meat raw materials with edgy elements of any shape, and ensuring the necessary movement nature in laboratory conditions. The installation design, according to its capabilities, allows to conduct comprehensive studies of the cutting process of two types of meat raw materials, that are different in their structure and set – beef esophagus and stomach. From the point of view of structural and mechanical values research (module of elasticity, plasticity, elasticity, etc.), studies can also be carried out for a wide range of meat raw materials without changing sensors. With such a replacement, the range of studies expands to the research of foam and gel-like structures.
 Practical significance of the obtained results. Carried out with the help of designed installation, the data can make it possible to clarify the rational parameters of geometric shape of the designed equipment working units for cleansing offal, and to determine the rational operating parameters.
 Prospects for further scientific studies. The presented design satisfies the set aims, still, the issues of software for the installation operation remain unsolved.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AND LOWER HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF BIODIESEL FUEL

The situation that has developed on the market of oil products in the conditions of the war with the invaders has led to a shortage of liquid fuels and a constant increase in the price, in particular of diesel fuel, prompting the producers of agricultural products to think about switching to alternative types of fuel. Research related to the production and use of biodiesel fuel is especially relevant in today's conditions. Scientists do not ignore this question, in particular, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University has devoted more than one research topic to the mentioned problem. In more detail, in the mentioned issue, research is being conducted aimed at determining the energy value of the obtained biofuels, namely, the lower calorific value. The purpose of the article is to create a methodology for determining the fatty acid composition of biodiesel fuel and determining its lower heat of combustion, which is necessary for the analysis and evaluation of the energy efficiency of alternative fuels. Research methods are based on D. I. Mendeleev's formula for determining the lower heat of combustion, which is based on data on the percentage content of the elemental composition of the fuel. The calculation of the elemental composition was carried out on the basis of the molecular weight data of the components of biodiesel fuel, which in turn were obtained by chromatographic analysis using a gas-liquid chromatograph. Similar calculations were made in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The article publishes the results of research on two samples of biodiesel fuel, made from two types of raw materials - sunflower and rapeseed oil. A method of determining the fatty acid composition of these samples and determining the lower heat of combustion of biodiesel fuel as a whole and its components has been developed. The results given in the tables can be the basis for further conclusions about the energy value of individual components included in the studied fuel.

Economic Transformation of Subsoil Use as an Imperative of the Modern History of Russia

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the role and significance of the results of the process of economic transformation of the sphere of subsoil use in Russia, which ensures the raw material sovereignty of the state in modern geopolitical and geo-economic conditions. The purpose of the article is to assess the transformational changes in the field of subsoil use in Russia. Objectives: to evaluate innovations in the field of “new subsoil use”; identify the key problems of subsoil use in terms of geological study, prospecting, exploration and production of minerals; perform an analysis of the prospects for international cooperation with friendly countries for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; offer options for management decisions that are adequate to the modern conditions of functioning of the sphere of nature management. Methods. System approach, logical analysis, synthesis. Results. Top innovations in the field of prospecting, exploration and production of minerals are represented by the initiative project of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources “Geology of Russia: the revival of a legend”, large-scale changes in the legislation on subsoil use, measures of financial support for subsoil users for certain types of strategic raw materials. The key problems of subsoil use are the existing shortage of reserves of some types of strategic raw materials, as well as the need to replace technological equipment and software. Maintaining the level of annual production, increasing marginality and reducing costs in the processing of hydrocarbonraw materials is associated with the digital transformation of the industry. It is logical to consider the possibilities for the development of the Russian Arctic zone in the context of the joint tripartite BRICS initiatives. Conclusions. The implementation of projects in the field of subsoil use requires adequate approaches and the criteria for the success of the implementation of such projects should be: results; speed (time); data. Two directions in the use of Russia’s natural resource potential seem promising: updating the classification of hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves; use of the concession mechanism for the implementation of projects in the Arctic tourism segment.

The composition of flavonoids in the inflorescences of spreading marigold (<i>Tagetes Patula</i> L.)

Aim to isolate and identify individual compounds of flavonoid nature from the inflorescences of spreading marigold (T. patula L.).
 Material and methods. The research material was the inflorescences of T. patula L. of the variety "Mandarin", collected in August 2018 in the Botanical Garden of the Samara University during the mass flowering and fruiting period. We isolated individual substances by adsorption column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100 (Czech Republic) with subsequent recrystallization. For the identification of the isolated compounds, we used the UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data.
 Results. The dominant and diagnostically significant flavonoids of the inflorescences of the spreading marigold, patulitrin and patuletin, were isolated and identified. For the first time, the 6-methoxykaempferol and 7-O--D-glucopyranoside of 6-methoxykaempferol were isolated from this type of plant raw material. Quercetin was obtained in minor quantities. The results of the study can be used for developing the methods of identification and standardization of the inflorescences of Tagetes patula L.

Pilot-Scale Test of Flue Gas Recirculation for The Silicon Process

Flue gas recirculation (FGR) for the silicon process may facilitate increasing the CO2 concentration in the off-gas, which will be beneficial for potential future carbon capture. Lower oxygen concentration in the combustion gas will also reduce NOX emissions. An existing 400 kVA Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF) pilot setup was modified to be able to recirculate flue gas and equipped with gas analysis to monitor both the flue gas and the mixed combustion gas entering the furnace. Over a running period of 80 h, including 32 h of startup, twelve different combinations of FGR ratios and flow rates were tested using typical industrial raw materials. Increased CO2 flue gas concentrations were successfully demonstrated with concentrations over 20 vol % CO2. Emissions of NOX were shown to be reduced when isolating stable comparable periods within each tapping cycle.Graphical

STUDY OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS JUGLANS L. BY HPLC

Leaves of species of the genus Juglans L. of the Juglandaceae family are promising types of officinal medicinal plant materials, which preparations have an antimicrobial, restorative effect. In our opinion, the contribution to the antimicrobial activity, along with naphthoquinones, is also made by flavonoids contained in the leaves of various species of the genus Juglans L. Therefore, there is a need to determine the chemical composition of the leaves of species of the genus Juglans L. using modern methods of analysis. This article discusses the results of studying the component composition of the leaves of Juglans nigra L., Juglans regia L. and Juglans cinerea L. by microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at an analytical wavelength of 360 nm. The conditions for chromatographic separation were established for the analysis of extracts from the leaves of species of the genus Juglans L. It was determined that in the leaves of Juglans nigra L. using HPLC it is possible to identify flavonoids - myricitrin, quercitrin, which are dominant and diagnostically significant for this type of raw material. In addition, the medicinal plant contains the aglycone of myricitrin – myricetin. A similar flavonoid profile was revealed in two types of medicinal plant raw materials – leaves of Juglans regia L. and Juglans cinerea L. Hyperoside, quercitrin, and juglanin were found in these species.

Catalytic Properties Study of Mixed MFI-MORD Type Zeolite in Bioethanol Transformation

The decrease in stocks of traditional fossil fuels contributes to the widespread growth of interest in renewable sources of raw materials and energy. Bioethanol can become a serious alternative to traditional types of fossil raw materials and fuels due to the possibility of its widespread production from agricultural waste and wood processing. Bioethanol can be used directly as a fuel, or after transformation into hydrocarbons. The transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons is carried out using zeolites and zeotypes of various types, while the main problem encountered for these systems is deactivation during the catalytic transformation. In this case, one of the possible solutions to this problem is the regulation of the acidic and diffusion properties of the catalytic surface of zeolites. Changing the acidic properties can contribute to a significant increase in the stability and activity of zeolites. In this case, the variation of acidic properties is possible by combining different types of zeolites. The article presents the results of a study of a mixed zeolite of the MFI type and mordenite in the reaction of the transformation of ethanol into hydrocarbons. Zeolite synthesis was carried out by a sequential method using zeolite seed grains for the synthesis of MFI structures and n-butylamine for the synthesis of a mordenite layer. The synthesized sample was tested on a flow-type setup with a tubular reactor. The effect of temperature, specific ethanol feed rate, and total pressure in the system was investigated. An increase in the reaction temperature from 350℃ to 370℃ contributed to an increase in the rate of accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons from 0.52 to 0.64 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h), while a further increase in temperature to 430℃ contributed to a decrease in the rate of formation of liquid hydrocarbons to 0.32 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h). An increase in the specific feed rate of ethanol from 0.5 to 2 g(EtOH)/(g(Cat)*h) contributes to a decrease in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. An increase in the total pressure in the system from 1 atm to 15 atm promotes an increase in the rate of accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons from 0.34 to 0.83 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h).

Lateral Flow Test System to Control Total Content of Muscle Tissues in Raw Meat Products.

Assessment of the composition of meat-containing products is the task in demand due to their frequent deviations from declared recipes. The paper presents the developed test system for immunochromatographic determination of total meat content. The assay is based on the simultaneous use of monoclonal antibodies, which specifically interacts with mammalian skeletal troponin I, and polyclonal antibodies, which specifically detect bird immunoglobulin Y. To integrate the detection of both types of meat by the same test strip, the antibodies are mixed in the analytical zone of the test strip and in complex with a gold nanoparticle label. The chosen ratios of the antibodies for both mixtures provide the same contribution of different types of mammalian and bird raw materials of muscle tissues to the label binding. The test system demonstrates suitability for products containing beef, pork, rabbit, lamb, chicken, and turkey meat. The minimal detectable content of meat in samples is 0.1%. The samples for the testing are diluted 100 times, thus eliminating matrix effects, and providing high reproducibility of the color intensity for extracts of different compositions. The obtained results allow the recommendation of the developed test system for rapid on-site control of meat products.

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE AQUATIC FLORA OF THE POLTAVA CITY AND SURROUNDING AREA

The article is devoted to the generalization of literary data on the medicinal properties of plants of aquatic flora of the territory of the Poltava city and its surroundings, studied in the course of original research. From the compiled floristic list, a spectrum of medicinal plants was selected, their degree of introduction into medical practice, belonging to protected lists, frequency of occurrence in the study area was analyzed. It was established that 45 (78%) of the 58 species of vascular plants have medicinal properties, including 4 species are officinal, 18 species are folk medicine plants, 23 species are promising for use in pharmacy. For each species, an annotation of its medicinal properties is compiled, which indicates the type of medicinal raw materials and medicinal forms, chemical composition, directions and mechanisms of physiological action on the human body, indications for the use of medicinal preparations.
 It was found that, despite the high participation of medicinal plants in the aquatic flora of the Poltava city and its surroundings, their harvesting in the research area is not appropriate for various reasons: official species (Acorus calamus, Iris pseudacorus, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba) – because of their limited distribution, belonging to various protection lists, and as for mass anthropotolerant species, promising for use in pharmacy (in particular, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, T. latifolia), their use is limited due to the ability to accumulate harmful substances from polluted ecotopes in urban territory.
 The compromise solutions for harvesting valuable species of medicinal plants that have a limited distribution in nature or grow in polluted ecotopes can be introduction (artificial cultivation of plants ex situ) and biotechnology (cultivation of cells, tissues and organs isolated from the plant on artificial nutrient media in vitro, which allow obtaining a specific target product).

THE RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH OF THE INSTITUTE OF NATURE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS IN THE FIELD OF GENESIS, RESOURCE ASSESSMENT, THE EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF PEAT AND SAPROPEL

The results of research in the field of the use and protection of peat and sapropel deposits, carried out within the framework of the State Scientific and Technical Program and the State Program of Scientific Research in 2018–2022, are presented. The prospects and problems of the use of deposits with especially valuable types of raw materials for products obtaining of complex processing are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the large peat deposits - Slavnoe and Esmonovsky Mokh, which are promising for development. The resources and regularities of organic sapropel placement under peat deposits are revealed. The characteristics of technical and technological solutions in the development of sapropel and peat deposits are given. The list of objects on the used results of scientific studies is given.

Abiotic stresses and ways to overcome them on <I>Achillea millefolium</I> L. in conditions of the Western Precaucasus

Relevance. An important place in the extensive assortment of ether-oil cultures belongs to the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), phytopreparations produced on its basis are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory processes, the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract.Methodology. To provide the pharmaceutical industry with this type of medicinal raw materials, it is necessary to create adapted technologies, where an important link will be the development of techniques for adapting the culture to unstable weather conditions.Results. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR (West Ciscaucasia) in 2019-2021, by conducting small-scale experiments. The indicators of growth and development of yarrow of the II-V years of vegetation, the yield of raw materials, the content of essential oil and its collection per hectare under unstable weather conditions were studied. It was found that with sufficient moisture supply and a comfortable level of air temperatures in 2021, a high yield of medicinal raw materials of this crop is observed. At the same time, low water supply and high temperatures in 2020 had a negative impact on plant development, a drop in yield of 1.35-1.65 t/ha was established, which led to losses in the collection of essential oil per hectare by 3.23-4.32 kg/ha. A decrease in the degree of negative impact of drought on yarrow plants of the II-IV years of vegetation was achieved through the use of silicon-containing microfertilization Siliplant. Double treatment with this drug contributed to a decrease in the yield of raw materials to 5-6% and the collection of essential oil per hectare to 5-7%. in the control – 21-24% and 22-24%, respectively. Despite the high yield of raw materials in the III-III years of yarrow vegetation, the use of Siliplant allows collecting ether-oil raw materials for 4 years. Thus, the inclusion of Siliplant microfertilization in cultivation technology allows plants to adapt to hydrothermal stress conditions and makes it possible to obtain stable yields of raw materials with a high collection of essential oil per hectare, regardless of weather conditions.

Large-Scale Inventory Optimization: A Recurrent Neural Networks–Inspired Simulation Approach

Many large-scale production networks include thousands of types of final products and tens to hundreds of thousands of types of raw materials and intermediate products. These networks face complicated inventory management decisions, which are often too complicated for inventory models and too large for simulation models. In this paper, by combining efficient computational tools of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and the structural information of production networks, we propose an RNN-inspired simulation approach that may be thousands of times faster than the existing simulation approach and is capable of solving large-scale inventory optimization problems in a reasonable amount of time. History: Accepted by Bruno Tuffin, Area Editor for Simulation. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72091211].

Who Was Buried at the Petit-Chasseur Site? The Contribution of Archaeometric Analyses of Final Neolithic and Bell Beaker Domestic Pottery to the Understanding of the Megalith-Erecting Society of the Upper Rhône Valley (Switzerland, 3300–2200 BC)

Abstract The Petit-Chasseur megalithic necropolis is a key archaeological context for analyzing the social and ideological changes at the end of the Neolithic in the Alpine region of Central Europe. The link between the funerary monuments and settlement sites was established by means of ceramic archaeometric analysis. Domestic pottery from settlement sites were thoroughly characterized using multiple spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Twelve ceramic fabrics were identified along with three types of clay substrate: illitic, muscovitic, and kaolinitic. Reconstructed paste preparation recipes largely involved the tempering of the raw clays with crushed rocks or coarse sediments. Types of raw material were not picked up randomly but were selected or avoided due to their particular compositional properties and attest to the exploitation of glacial, gravitational, eolian, and fluvial deposits. Compositional correspondence between ceramic grave goods and domestic pottery allowed identification of a link between the megalithic tombs and settlement sites, thus providing new data contributing to the investigation of the social dimension of monumental burials. Ceramic grave goods were revealed to be intertwined with the social instability affecting the 3rd millennium BC communities of the Upper Rhône Valley.