Supply Of Raw Materials Research Articles

Enhancing supplier management strategies: integrating purchasing and supplier potential matrices in furniture manufacturing

Supplier segmentation is one of the most important supply chain activities for most companies that collaborate with many suppliers such as in furniture manufacturing. Purchasing Portfolio Matrix (PPM) is a segmentation method that considers two dimensions (supply risk and profit impact) which are the basis for classifying materials to be purchased by the company. Supplier Potential Matrix (SPM) is a new supplier segmentation approach that includes two dimensions (capabilities and willingness). These two approaches are important because they have different focuses, namely PPM on suppliers while SPM on relationships. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to classify suppliers using a combination of PPM and SPM and determine the appropriate relationship management strategy. Data collection was carried out in the case of one manufacturing company that works with 74 raw material suppliers. Best Worst Method (BWM) is used to determine the criteria weights in both segmentation approaches. So from the 74 suppliers, the results were 7 suppliers in PPM1, 43 suppliers in PPM2, 5 suppliers in PPM3, and 19 suppliers in PPM4 and different strategies were obtained so that this combined PPM-SPM approach was able to improve supplier management.

Crude oil futures and the short-term price predictability of petroleum products

This study investigates the lead-lag effect between crude oil futures and petroleum products from the view of price predictability. The findings of the Granger causality test provide evidence for the leading role of crude oil futures. Further empirical results show that crude oil futures demonstrate strong predictive power for petroleum products both in- and out-of-sample, and this predictability is a short-term phenomenon. During economic recessions, petroleum product prices exhibit stronger predictability, with out-of-sample R2 reaching a maximum of 39.161 %. Additionally, the outstanding forecasting performance remains robust across a range of settings. Finally, two potential economic sources underlying the lead-lag relationship between crude oil and petroleum product markets are provided: the differential response speed to common energy market information and the perspective of raw material supply.

Enhancing Zn-MnO2 Battery Performance with Hydrogen-Bonded MnO2 Interfaces in Wet Nonaqueous Electrolytes

The quest for sustainable and high-performing battery technologies has directed attention towards Zinc (Zn)-manganese dioxide (MnO2) based rechargeable batteries. These batteries emerge as a viable alternative to lithium-ion systems, particularly due to their advantageous raw material supply, cost, and performance parameters. Despite their potential, Zn-MnO2 batteries face operational challenges, including gas evolution, Zn self-corrosion, and dissolution of the host material when utilized in mild acid aqueous electrolytes. Addressing these issues, our research explores the efficacy of wet nonaqueous electrolytes as a solution. Previously, we demonstrated a substantial enhancement in battery performance (~200 mAh/g of MnO2) by incorporating a specific proportion of water into the nonaqueous electrolyte. Building on this foundation, our current study investigates the role of hydrogen-bonded pillars, particularly proton and ammonium cations, in augmenting the interfacial properties of MnO2. This modification aims to bolster surface kinetics, thereby elevating battery performance closer to that of aqueous systems. Employing a suite of material characterization techniques, including in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), we observed a notable performance improvement (~270 mAh/g), while maintaining stability. These findings hold significant promise for advancing the practical application of MnO2-based hosts in Zn-MnO2 batteries, marking a stride towards next-generation energy storage solutions.

Perbandingan Metode EOQ, JIT, Kebijakan Perusahaan dalam Pengendalian Biaya Persediaan Bahan Baku pada Loske Coffeeshop

Coffeshop Loske is a business of the food and beverage industry, the problem with the Loske Coffeeshop is whether its current supply of raw materials is efficient and whether its EOQ method and its effective effective is in the Loske Coffeeshop. The purpose of the study is to analyze the optimum cost of supply of raw materials on the Loske Coffeeshop and to find out if EOQ methods and JIT can optimize the control of supply of raw materials in the Loske Coffeeshop. The data needed is a general picture of Loske Coffeeshop, organization structure, production process, raw materials supply data, raw materials use data, message cost data, and store cost data. A data-collection technique using a documentary method. Based on studies already done, researchers concluded that the EOQ method and JIT method were proven to optimize the cost of controlling the supply of raw materials when applied to the loske coffeeshop. EOQ methods produced a supply charge of Rp 9.998.749, and the JIT method produced a supply cost of Rp 10.203.373, whereas using the company's policy method currently used produces a stock cost of Rp 14.404.302.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA) for Urea Fertilizer Production Risk Mitigation

The production of urea fertilizer is one of the most important processes in the agricultural industry, but it cannot be separated from various risks that can interfere with its smooth operation. This research aims to identify and mitigate the risks involved in urea fertilizer production using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA) methods. The results show that some of the major risks in urea fertilizer production include equipment failure, raw material supply disruption, and operational errors. By applying FMEA and RCA, the company can identify the root causes of the problems and develop effective mitigation strategies. The implementation of these mitigation actions is expected to improve production efficiency and reduce downtime, thus ensuring better production continuity.

Large-scale 3D inversion of semi-airborne electromagnetic data — Topography and induced polarization effects in a graphite exploration scenario

The transition toward renewable energies demands a secure supply of critical raw materials and requires efficient noninvasive methods for deep earth resource exploration. The novel, deep electromagnetic (EM) sounding for the mineral exploration semi-airborne EM (semi-AEM) exploration concept aims at the efficient exploration of resources down to a depth of 1 km. Here, we evaluate a large-scale semi-AEM exploration study in a graphite mining district in eastern Bavaria, Germany. The derived 3D semi-AEM model is based on approximately 70,000 complex-valued data points recorded using seven transmitters. Strong conductivity contrasts with dominant east–west-trending anomalies are visible. Shallow high-conductivity structures correlate well with the known occurrence of graphite and match existing helicopter-borne EM results. The main anomaly reaches down to several hundred meters depth. To investigate different interpretation scenarios for large-scale semi-AEM data, we determine the effect of topography and analyze the feasibility of fast 2D inversion applications. To validate the robustness of the 3D semi-AEM model, the data set is inverted with two different 3D inversion algorithms and the results are compared. The presence of graphite leads to significant induced polarization (IP) effects with considerably high chargeabilities superposing EM induction. We include these effects in a realistic 3D inversion using a synthetic data study to analyze if the IP effect alters the overall conductivity structure and demonstrate that the obtained 3D model is reliable.

Analysis of palm oil raw material supplies to support sustainable economic strategies at PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Bogor Regency

Abstract Palm oil is a very important plantation commodity, its availability is the main source for palm oil production. Therefore, raw material supplies are an effort to support the availability of palm oil raw materials. PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Companies need to pay attention to the quality of raw materials and procurement to achieve maximum production goals. Factors determining success in procuring raw materials are important, such as transportation, as well as fluctuations in raw material prices in the sustainability of processing palm oil fresh fruit bunches. This research aims to analyze factors that influence the supply of palm oil raw materials. The sample used in this research is simple random sampling. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The research results show that 80% of the variables of raw material prices, raw material sources and transportation influence the supply of palm oil raw materials.

Supplier Selection of Salt Industry With AHP and Topis Method

Purpose: This study aims to identify the criteria for selecting salt suppliers and propose a supplier selection framework so that the salt industry can buy raw materials according to the specified standards and prices. Theoretical reference: This research synthesizes supplier selection criteria from the literature. Method: A decision-making framework for supplier selection was constructed by integrating the AHP with TOPSIS. Data were gathered via interviews with salt industry professionals and from observations of salt manufacturing and the supply chain. The weight of the criteria for selecting the salt supplier was determined through the use of questionnaires that utilized the AHP and TOPSIS methodology. Result and Conclusion: The findings of this study offer the Salt Industry valuable insights into the factors that should be considered when selecting suppliers, such as Quality, Service, Delivery, Flexibility, and Responsiveness. The AHP method's outcome indicates that the criterion with the highest ranking is quality. The results suggest that the criteria are ranked in descending order of importance, with quality having the highest weight, followed by delivery, responsiveness, flexibility, and service. Supplier A, with the highest ranking, has been chosen. Implications of research: The framework developed in this article uses only five criteria and was validated on one salt company. Further research can be continued by adding new criteria and validated in several salt industries. The algorithm and the output of this research are expected to be used as inputs in the design of the digital supply chain of the salt industry. Moreover, the management can use this method to choose raw material suppliers based on quality, service, delivery, flexibility, and responsiveness. Most producers of salt raw materials in Indonesia are salt farmers, most of whom still use traditional salt production and storage methods. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide information to salt suppliers, including salt farmers, about the criteria that must be met so that the salt produced can be immediately sold to the salt industry. Originality/value: This study develops a supplier selection system designed for the salt business, which has significant importance in Indonesia. The literature study results from this study are anticipated to provide valuable insights for academics researching supplier selection. This research can be furthered by examining the impact of this supplier decision on the performance of the Salt supply chain, extending from upstream to downstream.

Overview of Community Forest Management For Logging in The State of Amazonas

Objective: Present an overview of the licensing of community timber forest management activities in the State of Amazonas between the years 2000 and 2021. Theoretical Framework: This study is addresses the topic of community-based timber forest management. It presents its history and evolution in the Amazon, addressing the main implementation difficulties, supporting legislation and the quantification of initiatives in the region. Method: The present study is characterized by a qualitative and quantitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary research. A survey was carried out on community timber forest management activities in the State of Amazonas, using the information base provided by the Amazonas Environmental Protection Institute. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that between 2000 and 2021, 100 environmental exploration licenses were issued for community logging forest management, with projects located in 11 municipalities in the State of Amazonas, with emphasis on Maraã, Santo Antônio do Iça and Uarini. The total volume of licensed wood for the period was 68,122.43 m3 and 10,242 trees were harvested, with emphasis on the species assacu (Hura crepitans L.), macacarecuia [Eschweilera albiflora (DC.) Miers] and mulateiro [Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K.Schum.]. Research Implications: Based on the understanding from bibliographical and documentary analyzes of community forest management activities, it is expected to contribute to the strengthening of a planning policy on the activity, both at the local and regional level. Originality/Value: There is no unifying source of data on community forest management in the State of Amazonas that can generate consistent and updated statistics in a timely manner. In this way, the research aims to contribute to strengthening the activity at both local and regional levels, making community timber forestry management not just a simple supplier of raw materials, but linked to a wood production chain, generating high-value-added products, with raw materials of legal origin.

Modern Geochemical and Tectonic Exploration—The Key Factor in Discovering the Northern Copper Belt, Poland

The discovery of the Northern Copper Belt in SW Poland is a result of an extensive exploration project with a key role played by various science-related methods. The project relied on mapping the distribution of mineral zones in the entire Fore-Sudetic Monocline, a unit known for its occurrences of Cu-Ag orebodies. This approach involved the examination of historical drill cores from over 400 oil and gas holes in this area, with the collection of samples for laboratory analyses. A close relationship was confirmed between the distribution of orebodies and the transformation of organic matter. Rock-Eval pyrolysis was also performed on selected samples. The tests of rock specimens were accompanied by the reprocessing of historical gravimetric and seismic surveying results. Field magnetotelluric surveying was also performed in certain areas. This phase resulted in the identification of areas with a high probability of finding the best ore, allowing for the initiation of the drilling stage. So far, 37 exploratory boreholes have been drilled in those locations, nearly all of them with highly positive results. The Northern Copper Belt consists of three deposits, Nowa Sól, Mozów, and Sulmierzyce North, along with numerous prognostic areas distributed therebetween. The future production of copper, silver, and the accompanying valuable elements presents a chance to provide the whole of Europe with a new plentiful supply of those critical raw materials.

A cost model for the investment feasibility of quality inspection technologies in the Zero Defect Manufacturing era

The current global market forces companies to focus on suitable manufacturing based on zero defect and zero waste strategies. Higher energy prices and critical raw material supply disruptions stimulate the implementation of non destructive inspection technologies for real-time quality assurance, which aims to increase high-quality products and lower production costs via better materials and energy uses. By embracing these advancements, businesses address market dynamics and strategically position themselves for sustained success in a competitive and resource-conscious world. Traditionally, in small and medium enterprises, new manufacturing or inspection equipment is acquired based on a management decision that is, in turn, based in quality purposes and does not focus deeply on the impact on the final factory cost reduction. This research focuses on developing a costing procedure to incorporate the impact of Non Destructive Inspection Technologies into the multistage cost structure for investment decisions. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the cost breakdown and return on investment for justifying the investment of the Non Destructive Inspection Technology in additive manufacturing machinery. The proposed cost model provides a framework to preliminary assess the viability of Non Destructive Inspection Technologies investments.

Selection of Official and Unofficial Lemon Raw Material Suppliers (Case Study of Tasikmalaya City Branch Mixue)

Mixue is one of the most popular contemporary drink brands in Indonesia. One of the important raw materials for Mixue is lemon. In Indonesia, there are two types of lemon raw material suppliers, namely imported suppliers and local suppliers. This research aims to examine and compare the use of lemon raw materials from official suppliers of PT. Zhisheng Pacific Trading (MIXUE) imports raw materials from local suppliers in the context of use by Mixue retail stores operating in the food and beverage sector. This research uses mixed methods between qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Data collection techniques in this research were observation, interviews and questionnaires. Mixue is one of the most popular contemporary drink brands in Indonesia. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that local suppliers are superior to most of the factors considered than official suppliers. There is positive interest from experts involved in research regarding the use of lemon raw materials from local suppliers. From this research, recommendations and suggestions were obtained to consider updating policies related to regulations on the use of raw materials from third parties by considering all the advantages possessed by local suppliers in various factors. The results of this research state that local suppliers are superior in price and logistics efficiency. Official suppliers offer stable and reliable product quality.

The Analysis of Fruit Carving, an Art Qualified Culinary by The Student of Culinary Art Study Program

This research is a qualitative research aim to analysis fruit carving, with participant observation and literature study. The research method was participant observation means researchers immerse themselves in the natural environment or social setting of the participants to do, observe and document behaviors, interactions, and cultural practices. The exploration of fruit carving through participatory observation in qualitative research unveils a unique blend of artistic expression, cultural tradition, health awareness, sustainability, and educational significance. This amalgamation renders fruit carving a multifaceted and enriching area of study, offering novel insights into its diverse dimensions. This approach is particularly useful for studying social dynamics and cultural phenomena. The result was fruit carving's uniques lie in its strength, such as widespread popularity, art and cultural heritage. Fruit carving weaknesses include price instability and dependency on high-quality fruit carving. Opportunities for business growth include creating variations and marketing to culinary tourists, while threats include intense competition and uncertainty in raw material supply. Overall, leveraging its strengths while addressing weaknesses and seizing opportunities will be crucial for the success of fruit carving existence in the future.

Optimization of Raw Material Inventory using Always Better Control (ABC) Analysis and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method Approach in the Warehouse of a Bolt Manufacturing Factory in Indonesia

There is a problem in the raw material procurement process at the Contractor Company, such as running out and excess stock of raw materials, as well as difficulties in determining how many raw materials to order that meet the company's economic value. Running out of raw material stock results in delays in production activities, while excess raw material stock can fill warehouse capacity, thereby increasing storage costs. To overcome this problem, research was carried out using a quantitative descriptive method to determine the level of production cost efficiency and production effectiveness level in order to achieve optimization of raw material supplies using Always Better Control (ABC) Analysis and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method at Bolt Companies. ABC analysis plays a role in determining which raw materials have the highest level of demand and the EOQ method plays a role in determining the amount of raw materials to be ordered in order to meet the company's economic value. The research results show that the combination of ABC Analysis and EOQ Method can reduce ordering costs and raw material inventory. There are 4 items out of 10 raw material items that are included in Category A or the most prioritized category. From the results of calculations using the EOQ method, the Bolt Company can save total orders and raw material inventory (TIC) in the period January to December 2023 amounting to IDR 2,147,403,-.

Synthesis and structural evolution of coal-based mesophase pitch by hydrogenation-vacuum thermal polycondensation process

As high-performance carbon materials precursor, the controlled synthesis of mesophase pitches has received widespread attention. Coal tar pitch and Tetrahydronaphthalene (THN) were selected as raw material and hydrogen supply solvent to synthesize mesophase pitches through hydrogenation and vacuum polycondensation. The compositions and structure of resultant hydrogenated and mesophase pitches were characterized and analyzed by various methods. The results revealed that the introduction of THN could effectively increase the H content in hydrogenated pitches, and the transformation of HN to Har was observed with the extension of the reaction time. The softening point of the resultant mesophase pitches was 230–245 °C, the Mn ranged from 1400 to 2000 Da, the anisotropic content was up to 96 %, and the contents of the four subfractions were THFI > HI-TS > HS > TI-THFS in descending order. This work provided an efficient and convenient approach for the synthesis of mesophase pitches, with a view to providing a theoretical and practical foundation for spinning-grade mesophase pitch preparation.

Availability, distribution and quality of agro-industrial byproducts and compound feeds in Ethiopia

Livestock production is a major contributor to the national economy in Ethiopia, of which ruminants, particularly cattle, are the dominant and most important livestock species. Limited supply of quality feeds is a major constraint to the improvement of livestock production in Ethiopia. The expansion of agro-industries in Ethiopia, over the last three decades, has created an opportunity for an increased supply of agro-industrial byproducts as a source of feed for livestock. This study was conducted to assess the availability, distribution, and quality of agro-industrial byproducts and compound feeds in Ethiopia. About 310 flour mill factories, 194 oil factories, 13 brewery factories, 7 sugar factories, 4 malt factories, 2 meat and bone meal processing plants, 8 limestone factories, and 112 feed processing plants were surveyed to assess the availability and distributions of agro-industrial byproducts and compound feeds. A total of 757 feed samples were collected for evaluating nutritional values. The annual production of agro-industrial byproducts ranges from 18,065 tons DM/year (abattoir byproducts) to 3,092,035 tons DM/year (malt byproducts) and the total annual production of the different agro-industrial by-products amounts to 5,245,854 tons DM. The annual production of compound feeds was reported to be 5,812,608 tons DM. All agro-industries are processing under their capacity, ranging from 11.7% in sugar factories to 93% in breweries. Shortage and seasonal fluctuation of supply of raw materials (34.8%), high price and price fluctuations of raw materials (17.5%) and electric power interruptions (17.5%) were the major challenges faced by different agro-industries. The crude protein (CP) concentrations of agro-industrial byproducts ranges from 6.2% in maize grain screening to 15.9% in wheat bran for flour mill byproducts; 28% in cotton seed cake to 49.7% in groundnut cake for oilseed cakes and 14.8% in areqe atela to 24.8% in brewery spent grains for brewery and local distillery byproducts. High protein or energy contents of agro-industrial byproducts indicated their potential to be utilized in intensive livestock rations. Thus, it is necessary to create enabling conditions to allow the existing agro-industries to operate at full capacity and to attract new ones into the business to boost the production and availability of agro-industrial byproducts needed as main inputs to manufacture compound feeds.

Critical Raw Materials Supply: Challenges and Potentialities to Exploit Rare Earth Elements from Siliceous Stones and Extractive Waste

Critical raw materials (CRMs) supply is a challenge that EU countries have to face, with many thinking about domestic procurement from natural ore deposits and anthropogenic deposits (landfills and extractive waste facilities). The present research focuses on the possibilities linked to the supply of CRMs and the potential for exploiting rare earth elements (REEs), investigating a large variety of extractive waste and siliceous rocks in the Piedmont region (Northern Italy). Indeed, the recovery of REEs from the extractive waste (EW) of siliceous quarries and other siliceous ore deposits can be a valuable way to reduce supply chain risks. Starting with a review of the literature on mining activities in Piedmont and continuing with the sampling and geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic, and environmental characterization of EW facilities connected to siliceous dimension stones, of kaolinitic gneiss ore deposits, and of soils present near the investigated areas, this study shows that the degree of REEs enrichment differs depending on the sampling area (soil or EW) and lithology. The concentration of REEs in the EW at some sampling sites fulfils the indicators of industrial-grade and industrial recovery; the high cumulative production and potential market values of EW and the positive recovery effects through proven methodologies indicate a viable prospect of REE recovery from EW. However, REE recovery industrialization faces challenges such as the difficulty in achieving efficient large-scale recovery due to large regional differences in REE abundance, the mismatch between potential market value and waste annual production, etc. Nonetheless, in the future, EW from dimension stone quarries could be differentially studied and reused based on the enrichment and distribution characteristics of trace elements. The present paper shows investigation procedures undertaken to determine both CRMs potentialities and environmental issues (on the basis of literature data employed to select the more-promising areas and on sampling and characterization activities in the selected areas), together with procedures to determine the waste quantities and tentative economic values of REEs present in the investigated areas. This approach, tested on a large area (Piedmont region), is replicable and applicable to other similar case studies (at EU and non-EU levels) and offers decision makers the possibility to acquire a general overview of the potential available resources in order to decide whether and where to concentrate efforts (including economic ones) in a more detailed study to evaluate the exploitable anthropogenic deposits.

Increasing Digital Transformation Readiness in Small and Medium Apparel Enterprises Through Maturity Model Evaluation

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has diminished SMEs' GDP contribution. Digital transformation emerges as a crucial solution amidst these challenges. While many SMEs have adopted digitalization, they face obstacles such as product marketing, access to capital, raw material supplies, and effective application of digital technologies. Nevertheless, digitalization presents opportunities to enhance efficiency and expand global market access via the Internet in Indonesia. This study utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to formulate a digital transformation strategy, focusing specifically on optimizing internal business processes within apparel SMEs. Key findings from the AHP analysis highlight the critical importance of integrated production management systems, document scanning and digitization, customer data analysis, and basic digital skills training. These findings underpin strategic recommendations aimed at enhancing efficiency, productivity, and adaptability through technology adoption, employee training, and organizational restructuring. The strategy outlines short-term (6-12 months) and long-term (5 years) goals to guide SMEs toward achieving advanced digital transformation maturity. By prioritizing internal business processes, these initiatives aim to propel SMEs in the apparel sector towards greater success in the digital era.

Analisis dan Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Katering pada UMKM Menggunakan BPMN

Fafiras Kitchen is a family business that focuses on food catering services. This business involves three main operational stages, namely the ordering process, procurement of raw materials, and delivery of products to customers. From the results of observations and interviews, several problems were identified such as the absence of good records in the ordering process resulting in errors in order fulfillment and loss of customer data, dependence on one raw material supplier increases the risk of delays and disruptions in the supply chain and inefficient delivery management caused by human error and no real time tracking, so this has an impact on customer loyalty. This research aims to analyze and model the current business process and provide recommendations for improvement. Modeling is done using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) with a qualitative approach to investigate existing business processes. The results of this research can identify areas of improvement to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of MSMEs operations so that MSMEs can better understand, manage, and optimize their business processes. In addition, this research also conducted simulations using the Bizagi Modeler application to test the validity of the business process modeling that has been made. The simulation results show an increase in time in the implementation of business processes.

Current state and development trend of China's customized home furnishing industry

ABSTRACT Customization has become a new development trend in the furniture industry. Home customization can meet people's personalized needs and promote the innovative development of the furniture industry. This study combines the literature review and industry trend report to explore the development status of China's customized home furnishing industry. It analyzes the market scale, industrial layout, product penetration rate, industrial chain structure, and intelligent manufacturing equipment of this industry. The development characteristics of China's panel furniture machinery industry are as follows: lack of innovation in technology and equipment, market fragmentation and hierarchical, intelligent manufacturing equipment needs upgrading iteratively. As for the transformation and upgrading of China's customized home furnishing industry, the specific situation is summarized from the upstream, midstream and downstream of the industrial chain, mainly including raw and auxiliary material suppliers focus on terminal product research and development, integration of digital design and manufacturing technology, industry segmentation increases, and diversification of marketing channels. In the future, the customized home furnishing industry will build digital workshop, improve the standard system, emphasize the training of intelligent manufacturing professionals, and realize green and sustainable development. This study provides a reference for the world to understand the development of China's customized home furniture industry.