Scarcity Of Raw Materials Research Articles

The future availability of zinc: Potential contributions from recycling and necessary ones from mining

Society's increasing demand for metals led to the discussion as to whether scarcity of raw materials could lead to supply shortages and to which extend circularity can prevent resource depletion. This study investigates the need for and availability of secondary and primary zinc resources under moderate demand growth. A dynamic MFA model simulates future potentials of 9–14 Mt/a zinc recycling and the necessity of 17–22 Mt/a zinc mining in 2050. The MFA model estimates a cumulative required mine production of 500–560 Mt between 2020 and 2050, which equals less than 1% of the extractable global zinc resources estimated within a geological analysis. With continuous exploration contributing to new discoveries, primary zinc is sufficiently physically available. In contrast, recycling is limited to the amounts of post-consumer waste generation. Recycling capacities need to be extended, collection systems optimized and processing efficiencies increased worldwide to realize the full extent of modelled potentials.

Implementation of a circular supply chain model using reusable components in multiple product generations

The paper deals with a version of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) models that considers the reusability of raw materials and components in multiple product generations. With the scarcity of available raw materials and disruptions in supply chains, production companies need to find novel solutions to meet demand. Additionally, waste management of used products is becoming an increasing problem for the environment. Our study presents available solutions for managing end-of-life products and aims to present a cost minimization EOQ/EPQ model. The model considers the use of components extracted from the previous product generation and new components during the production of the new product generation. The study aims to answer the following research questions (i) what is the optimal strategy for the company for the number of cycles of extracted and new components during the production? (ii) Which variables affects the optimal strategy of the company? The presented model allows companies to use the value created for a longer period, and reduces the amount of raw material extracted and waste generated.

The transition to electric vehicles and a net zero economy: A model based on circular economy, stakeholder theory, and system thinking approach

Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution are major contributors to climate change, causing harm to both the planet and people. Since transportation is a significant source of these emissions, several European countries have implemented plans to switch to electric cars and decrease emissions by 2050. However, this transition presents many challenges, including issues with redesigning supply chains, scarcity of raw materials, and impacts on employment, technology, mobility behaviour, and infrastructure. The aim of this study is to develop a model based on system dynamics and agent-based approaches to evaluate effects of the electric and net zero economy transitions on the automotive supply chains and relevant stakeholders. The study incorporates principles of circular economy, stakeholder theory, and system thinking approach. The research considers various stakeholders such as automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and workers, and it explores several operations such as production, de-manufacturing, and end-of-life activities for three types of vehicles: fuel, hybrid, and electric. The results of the model show that a transition towards electric vehicles and a net zero economy is only possible through the implementation of circular economy, which can generate new business opportunities, reductions in raw material consumption, and a resulting increase in competitiveness; however, at the same time, this transition can have several implications for job. Indeed, the EV transition will significantly reduce the number of manufacturing jobs available in the automotive industry due to an increase in automation, fewer moving parts, and simpler engines. Therefore, it is fundamental that companies and policy makers use the results of this study to reduce the negative effects on employment and plan specific programs and policies to support the developing of new skills for workers and favour their relocation in the supply chain (i.e., end of life activities).

A Study on the Measures for the Archival Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage - "Chinese Painting Pigment Making Technique"

Chinese painting pigments are essential for creating Chinese paintings and are an integral part of Chinese national culture, as they embody the spirit of Chinese painting. The technique of making Chinese painting pigments was included in the third batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council in 2011, emphasizing the significance of Chinese traditional culture. However, as a "living" culture, it is susceptible to change or extinction due to various factors such as inheritance, the social environment, and conservation measures. The art of making Chinese painting pigments is a unique art form that is primarily passed down orally. However, due to the increasing scarcity of raw materials and the decreasing number of artisan heirs, this art form is facing a challenging dilemma. In light of the current situation of Chinese painting pigment making techniques, this paper proposes several feasible solutions for archival protection. One solution is to use the regional characteristics of Chinese painting pigment making for publicity. This strategy would involve promoting the unique aspects of Chinese painting pigment making in various regions to increase awareness and appreciation of the art form. Another solution is to build an archival talent team for Chinese painting pigment technique. This approach would involve identifying and training a group of experts in Chinese painting pigment making to ensure the continued preservation and development of the art form. Finally, building an online resource for Chinese painting pigment making technique would make the information accessible to a wider audience and facilitate the dissemination of knowledge about this art form.

Bioactive Compounds of Vegetable Origin

Plants are consecrated sources of pharmaceutical, aromatic and industrial compounds, civilization being inextricably linked to the world of plants, for millennia they have been the major source of bio-products essential for the survival of the entire animal kingdom. True biochemical organisms powered by solar energy, plants synthesize not only the basic compounds necessary for their survival, from the category of glucides, proteins and lipids, but also a wide range of organic substances that can be extracted in sufficient quantities to be of significant importance as raw materials with various scientific, technological and commercial applications. Even today, the botanical endowment of the planet stores numerous resources that are still insufficiently known, which can represent cost-effective alternatives for obtaining scarce raw materials in various economic fields. The vegetable kingdom continues to represent the main supplier of phytochemical compounds used in various industrial branches such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, agrochemicals, with commercial values expressed in billions of dollars. Plants are irreplaceable sources of industrial oils (volatile and fixed), flavors, perfumes, resins, hydrocolloidal gums, saponins and other surfactants, dyes, pesticides, natural rubber, medicinal substances and many other special compounds.

High-efficiency recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: A double closed-loop process

Due to the scarcity of raw materials and negative environmental effects, it is essential to selectively recover lithium and other transition metals from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we propose a dual closed-loop process for resource utilization of spent LIBs. As an alternative to strong inorganic acids, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvents are employed for the recycling of spent LIBs. The DES based on oxalic acid (OA) and choline chloride (ChCl) achieves efficient leaching of valued metals within a short time. Through the coordination adjustment of water, it can form high-value battery precursors directly in DES, changing wastes into valuables. Meanwhile, water as a diluent can achieve the selective separation of lithium ions via filtration. More importantly, DES can be perfectly re-generated and recycled many times, indicating that the process is cost-effective and eco-friendly. As experimental proof, the re-generated precursors were used to produce new Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 (NCM523) button batteries. The constant current charge-discharge test revealed that the initial charge and discharge values of the re-generated cells were 177.1 and 149.5 mAh/g, respectively, corresponding to the performance of commercial NCM523 cells. The whole recycling process is clean, efficient, and environment-friendly, realizing the double closed loop of spent battery regeneration and deep eutectic solvent re-use. This fruitful research demonstrates DES has excellent potential for recycling spent LIBs and provides an efficient and eco-friendly double closed-loop solution for the sustainable re-generation of spent LIBs.

Investigating the effect of particle slenderness ratio on optimizing the mechanical properties of particleboard using the response surface method

Restricted formaldehyde gas emissions and a scarcity of lignocellulosic raw materials have particleboard companies in Iran concerned about raw materials and adhesive use. The particle slenderness ratio is one of the main parameters that leads to the required mechanical characteristics of particleboard, together with the simultaneous decrease of density (raw materials) and the quantity of adhesive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of particleboard composed of poplar particles with variables of density, adhesive quantity, and slenderness ratio using response surface technique. The variables were then optimized for the examined responses according to the EN 312-3 (1993) standard for the manufacturing of particleboard for domestic use as well as home and office furniture. Particleboard with minimum allowable properties according to EN 312-3 (MOR = 11 MPa, MOE = 1.6 GPa, and IB = 0.35 MPa) with a density of 0.65 g/cm3, adhesive percentage of 10.54, and a slenderness ratio of 37.5 can be produced, according to optimization findings. Through raising the density to 0.69 g/cm3 and the slenderness ratio to 46.99, the quantity of adhesive utilized in particleboard manufacturing could be decreased from 10.54 to 8.9% while keeping the minimum allowable resistances of EN 312-3 (1993) standard.

PENERAPAN TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PRODUK TEH HITAM (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Xyz, Kabupaten Bandung)

Product quality is an important aspect for consumers that can affect the continuity of the company. PT. XYZ , which is a black tea commodity company with orthodox processing, has strived to always produce quality products. However, in the process there are still product defects. Through the application of total quality management, this study aims to determine the application of product quality management, to determine the factors of product defects, and to determine the sequence of improvements that can be made. This study uses a mix method design with case study research techniques. The first and second objectives were analyzed descriptively using the Statistical Quality Control tool, while the third objective was analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The results showed that quality planning experienced obstacles in the form of budget delays, scarcity of raw materials, and broken machines. Quality control is beyond the control limits due to quality defects of 2.46%. Product quality assurance is carried out through organoleptic testing. Quality improvement has not been implemented comprehensively in both the plantation and processing areas. Improvements that need to be made successively are density due to non-standard inlet temperatures, smallish due to incorrect blend composition settings , powdery due to a strong and repeated pressing process, and smokey due to lack of checking engine condition.

Influence of Heat Treatment and Solid-State Fermentation on the Lignocellulosic Fractions of Substrates Supporting Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler Cultivation: Implications for Commercial Production

Mushroom production in India has registered a considerable growth in the recent times. However, cultivation of shiitake mushroom, which represents a major share at a global level, is still at a primitive stage in the Indian subcontinent. The scarcity of raw materials and the cost of energy for substrate sterilization are the major hurdles for a large-scale production. The present study delves into the possibility of growing shiitake mushroom on lignocellulosic biomass (saw dust and wheat straw) processed with different heat treatments to develop a cost-effective production technology. Six different strains of shiitake mushroom, viz., DMRO-35, 51, 297, 388s, 410, 412, were used in this study. The substrates were exposed to a pasteurization temperature of 80 ± 5 °C in a bulk pasteurization chamber for three different times (H1–H3) and also to a high-pressure sterilization (H4) in an autoclave. DMRO-388s was found to be the most productive strain, irrespective of the substrate and heat treatment method used. Significant differences were observed in the biological yield depending on the type of substrate and heat treatment. Changes in the biochemical composition of the lignocellulosic residues in three different stages, viz., pre heat treatment, inoculation and primordial formation stages, were recorded. Changes in heat treatment levels and duration significantly altered the cellulose/lignin ratio of the growing substrate. High-pressure sterilization aided the rapid degradation of lignin in the substrate and increased its bioavailability, thereby facilitating the fungus achieving its potential yield. A significant correlation in the positive direction between the yield levels of the tested strains and the consumption of lignin in the growing substrate was found, suggesting the significance of pre heat treatment for the bioconversion of lignin and its subsequent utilization in the solid-state fermentation process. The substrate pre heat treatment under high-pressure sterilization was proved to be beneficial to obtain the maximum yields of shiitake mushroom.

Towards a circular economy for Pt catalysts. Case study: Pt recovery from electrodes for hydrogen production

This work links two challenges that our society is facing nowadays, the climate change and the scarcity of key raw materials as the platinum group materials are. Hence, Pt from membrane electrode assemblies used in the well-known Westinghouse cycle for hydrogen production has been successfully recovered using the selective electrochemical dissolution process and reaching global efficiencies of 70 wt%. Pt electrocatalysts were synthesized from the Pt recovered from the spent electrodes and characterized. Thus, the scanning electrochemical microscopy technique demonstrated that Pt was well dispersed onto the carbon support. Moreover, electrodes with both, commercial and recovered Pt/C catalysts were prepared and tested. The electrodes with the catalyst prepared from the spent MEAs show a good activity towards the SO2 oxidation, the reaction for H2 production, and above all, a very high stability. In conclusion, the circular economy of Pt based catalyst for a H2 production process has been achieved.

Symbiotic readiness: Factors that interfere with the industrial symbiosis implementation

In a context of raw material scarcity and environmental concerns, the Industrial Symbiosis (IS) emerges as a strategy that collaborates to increase the resources circularity and sustainability. Despite its relevance, companies still have difficulties to assess whether they have conditions to implement IS. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify factors that interfere with the readiness of co-located companies to implement IS. To achieve this objective, theoretical, empirical and statistical research procedures were employed. As a theoretical procedure, a Symbiotic Readiness Assessment Instrument (SRAI), previously developed, was adapted. For the empirical procedure, a survey with 201 co-located companies in industrial parks was applied using the SRAI adapted. For the statistical procedure, a factor analysis was carried out to obtain the main factors that interfere with the IS implementation. As a result, five factors were identified. In view of this, to assess symbiotic readiness, companies must analyze: the availability of water and energy resources; the possibility of exchanging material resources such as waste and by-products; the accessibility of data, such as production information from others companies; the possibility of sharing information and bonds of trust between co-located industries; and access conditions, infrastructure and partnership for the symbiosis realization.

Эколого-экономические аспекты культивирования лекарственных грибов ежовика гребенчатого (Hericium erinaceus)

The results of studies on the effect of the substrate composition for the cultivation of Lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) are presented. The search for alternative raw materials for the preparation of substrates is associated with the possibility of using lignin-ammonium compost, balanced in terms of basic nutrients, which is much cheaper than oak sawdust and is more accessible in the region. Replacing brown rice by wheat grain in the substrate contributed to the enrichment of the mass with vitamins, proteins and essential amino acids. The possibility of using a lignin component in the substrate composition in the form of ligninammonia compost (50%) and wheat grain (20%), partially replacing expensive and scarce raw materials (oak sawdust, brown rice), was evaluated. The use of a new substrate composition promotes the active colonization of the substrate mass by the mycelium of medicinal Lion’s mane mushroom of the Beard and Belgium strains (97–99%), additional (by 0.39% of the substrate mass) collection of fruiting bodies of the Beard strain and increased (by 1.6%) yield of dry mass of products of the Beard and Belgium strains. The economic effect of growing H. erinaceus on the developed substrate is expressed in profit (for the Beard strain – 20,540 rubles, for the Belgium strain – 5,860 rubles), while on the classical substrate a loss is obtained. The profitability of the mushroom production of the studied strains on the experimental substrate is 16.4% for the Beard strain and 4.68% for the Belgium strain, on the classical substrate – 12.1% and 21.0%, respectively. Reducing the cost of mushroom products may have a positive effect on the purchasing power of consumers. The addition of a lignin component to the substrate promotes the utilization of of hydrolytic lignins in large quantities, thus improving the environmental situation in the places where they are stored.

Determinants and Constraints for Adoption of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) Practices

Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) follows agroecological principles and promotes chemical-free farming. It has emerged as cost-effective farming improving soil fertility and providing chemical-free food. For determining factors for the adoption of ZBNF practices in the purposively selected Wardha district of Maharashtra, conducted during 2022-23, Logit regression and for analyzing the constraints, factor analysis was used. The study revealed significant factors like integrated soil fertility management practices, adoption of ZBNF practices and IPM practices. The scarce raw materials for input preparation, management of weeds and pests were identified as input related whereas, lack of knowledge about liquid fertilizers, insect pest and weed management practices were reported as technology constraints, in case of the constraints related to labour and machinery, non availability of the bullock, high demand of skilled labour and high labour wages were reported. In case of institutional constraints, higher conversion period, high demand of skilled labour, and high certification fee were found. The assurance of better prices, purchase agencies at distant places, and lack of proper market structure were reported as the marketing constraints. In the case of political and legal constraints, a lesser number of FPOs, the synergy of the ZBNF practices with mainstream agriculture, lack of globalized market, and the need for convergence were found significant.

A new acoustically insulating fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete based on local materials and date palm waste

PurposeThis paper aims to characterize and develop a new ecological lightweight concrete reinforced by addition of palm plant fibers (from vegetal waste) to be used in the thermal and acoustical insulation of local constructions. The date palm plant fibers are characterized by their low sensitivity to chemical reactions, low cost and large availability in local regions. Therefore, the newly obtained lightweight concrete may suggest a great interest, as it seems to be able to achieve good solutions for local construction problems, technically, economically and ecologically.Design/methodology/approachThe experimental program focused on developing the composition of palm-fiber-reinforced concrete, by studying the effect of the length of the fibers (10, 20, 30 and 40 mm) and their mass percentage (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%), on the mechanical and acoustical properties of the composite. The main measured parameters were the compressive strength and flexural strength, sound absorption coefficient, noise reduction coefficient (NRC), etc. These tests were also borne out by the measure of density and water absorption, as well as microstructure analyses. To fully appreciate the behavior of the material, visualizations under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope analyses were carried out.FindingsThe addition of plant fibers to concrete made it possible to formulate a new lightweight concrete having interesting properties. The addition of date palm fibers significantly decreased the density of the concrete and consequently reduced its mechanical strength, particularly in compression. Acceptable compressive strength values were possible, according to the fibers content, while better values have been obtained in flexion. On the other hand, good acoustical performances were obtained: a considerable increase in the sound absorption coefficient and the NRC was recorded, according to the content and length of fibers. Even the rheological behavior has been improved with the addition of fibers, but with short fibers only.Originality/valueOver the recent decades, many studies have attempted to search for more sustainable and environmentally friendly building materials. Therefore, this work aims to study the possibility of using waste from date palm trees as fibers in concrete instead of the conventionally used fibers. Although many researches have already been conducted on the effect of palm plant fibers on the mechanical/physical properties of concrete, no information is available neither on the formulation of this type of concrete nor on its acoustical properties. Indeed, due to the scarcity of raw materials and the excessive consumption of energy, the trend of plant fibers as resources, which are natural and renewable, is very attractive. It is therefore a major recycling project of waste and recovery of local materials.

Basic Research on Rockburst Control Technology for Deep Well Filling of Municipal Solid Waste

Abstract Given the scarcity of raw materials for rockburst prevention in filling mining and the lack of space for disposal of large amount of municipal waste, the feasibility of preparing filling materials for rockburst mines from stale waste was investigated by laboratory tests and theoretical analysis. On this basis, the process of preparing filling materials from stale garbage was proposed, and corresponding equipment were developed to prepare stale garbage filling mass. According to the characteristics and uses of the stale waste filling materials, two processes of volume filling and strength filling are proposed, and the key technology of stale garbage filling to control rockburst was designed. The following conclusions were drawn: stale garbage can be made into mine filling material because of its composition, strength, and shape. The process of preparing mine filling materials from obsolete waste includes crushing, screening, compression, and packaging. The equipment suitable for the process includes crushing-screening, compression-forming, and sealing-packaging integrated equipment. The equipment has realized effective screening, compression, and bulk packaging of stale garbage, so that the stale garbage filling mass can meet the requirements of environmental protection and strength. Strength filling is a filling method that uses the strength of stale garbage filling mass to protect the overlying strata from or less damage, thereby reducing the stress concentration in the coal face and reducing the risk of rockburst occurring. Volume filling mainly depends on the volume of the filling mass, with the main purpose of reducing the stress concentration in the roadway surrounding rock. The rockburst mine filling technology of stale garbage is support track filling technology and bag filling technology, and the deep well sealing of stale garbage is block stacking technology. The deep well filling mining key technologies provide a new approach to against rockburst and treat large amounts of municipal waste.

Effect of Supply Chain Disruption in Dental Practice During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective

Disruption during Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the need for healthcare supply chain management in order to achieve effective delivery of health services. Though considerable efforts have been undertaken on managing the healthcare supply chain disruptions in India but there is a paucity of literature that documented the effect of supply chain disruptions in dental practices during a covid-19 pandemic. During a pandemic, the disruptions in production and distribution of dental products were seen in India. Indian dental market is largely dependent on imports and there is a scarcity of local production units. The main dental companies reported a significant decline in production during the first wave of Covid-19. The increase in demand for dental supplies was seen with a shutdown, shortage of labor, and scarcity of raw materials. Disruption rippled through the supply chain and this was caused by a large distortion in demand. This phenomenon led to the bullwhip effect. This bullwhip effect crisis led to increased costs in dental practices. Covid19 has shown a significant lack of resilience in the Indian dental healthcare supply chain. This study identified a few loopholes in the dental supply chain and suggested a way forward for managing the supply chain disruptions. It seems that there is a need for more comprehensive research on dental supply chain resilience from an Indian perspective to prevent disruptions, particularly in emergent situations.

The Changing Ecology of the Kolkata Tanpura

The tanpura, a long-necked, unfretted, stringed lute, is arguably one of the most important instruments used by Hindustani classical vocalists. This ethnographic study draws from the lived experiences of luthiers and farmers specialising in crafting tanpuras. Auto-ethnographic reflections as a vocalist of this tradition also feed into this piece. Studying the effects of various phenomena, including evolving agricultural and climatic conditions in gourd fields and increasing scarcity of raw materials, the article underlines how it affects the sonic and visual profile of the instrument, thereby gradually transforming Hindustani classical sound at a very fundamental level.

INISIASI PEMBENTUKAN KELEMBAGAAN UKM PEMBUATAN SAGU, MENAMBAHKAN NILAI EKONOMI DI KELURAHAN GURAPING KECAMATAN OBA UTARA

The problems faced by making food and drink are sago, Guraping village, namely the scarcity of raw materials (cassava / cassava) other than being planted in other regions, the problem of raw materials in a part of the land to grow cassava which is increasingly narrow and does not have land, besides that the management management system still uses traditionally, sales management there are still individuals in the do, there is no institution that regulates the management of marketing and continuation of sago making in this Guraping area, so an institution is created to manage and manage food making, namely sago in Guraping village. 
 The methods of service are: lectures, paraktek and mentoring and monitoring, The results of the service of this service activity were attended by as many as 29 located at the Guraping village office. To increase production and management, an institution was created/ formed.

PSXVI-11 Effects of Yucca Schidigera Extract and Multi-Carbohydrase in Different Crude Protein Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Parameters and Noxious gas Emission in Broilers

Abstract The scarcity of feed raw materials with a consequential increase in the price of animal feed has attracted the attention of nutritionists to find a viable option to address this issue. The inclusion of plant extract and enzyme to the energy- and protein-reduced diet could be a viable strategy that would contribute to reducing the feed cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how different crude protein diets with Yucca schidigera extract and multi-carbohydrase could impact broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass metrics, and noxious gas concentrations in the excreta. A total of 480 one-day (d)-old broilers (ROSS 308), with initial body weight (BW) of 45.2 ± 0.3 g were randomly assigned into four (4) dietary treatments, each with six replication cages and 20 birds per cage. In phase I (starter), broiler were fed with diets containing T1 (CP 21%, ME 2,969 Mcal/kg); T2 (CP 19%, ME 2,863 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 17%, ME 2,865 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); and T4 (CP 17%, ME 2,861 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% α-1, 6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase). During phase II (grower) diets contained T1 (CP 19%, ME 3,086 Mcal/kg); T2 (CP 17%, ME 2,977 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); and T4 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% α-1,6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase multi-carbohydrase). The addition of Yucca extract and multi-carbohydrase to the low CP diets revealed a positive result on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass parameters, and noxious gas emission. Overall, broilers supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract 0.02% and α-1,6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase multi-carbohydrase (0.1%) demonstrated the best production performances compared with the other treatment groups. Thus, a combination of Yucca schidigera and multi-carbohydrase could to be added to the diets with low CP to boost broiler production performance.

Optimum utilization of on-demand manufacturing and laser polishing in existence of supply disruption risk

3D printing has moved from being a rapid prototyping tool to an additive manufacturing method within the last decade. Additive manufacturing can satisfy the need in dire situations where spare parts distribution is an issue but access to a 3D printer is much more likely and rapid than access to original parts. Managing inventories of spare parts can be tackled with more ease thanks to the reduced part types with additive manufacturing. While quality (in terms of reliability) of additively manufactured spare parts in terms of mechanical properties seem to be lower than original parts (particularly due to the inherent staircase appearance and the corresponding stress concentration zones that can lead to premature fatigue failure), use of post-processing subtractive techniques to correct such surface irregularities are found to improve reliability. While each process adds another layer of complexity to the cost minimization problem, demand uncertainty and risk of supply disruption represent the modern global problems faced recently. The problem tackled in this study is the joint optimization of the supply reliability considering the effect of laser polishing parameters and the demand uncertainty. In this problem, a condition of random breakdowns of identical products is considered. Also, the original supplier of machine components is subject to exogenous disruptions, such as strikes, raw material scarcity, or the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the optimum control policy with the right cost parameters was shown via numerical experiments originated from mathematical analyses. This optimality can be critical in managing the system in the best possible way, particularly during times of unforeseen circumstances such as pandemics.