Raw Material Procurement Research Articles

Analyzing the lifecycle of solar panels including raw material sourcing, manufacturing, and end-of-life disposal

The lifecycle of photovoltaic systems, encompassing the procurement of raw materials, manufacturing processes, and eventual disposal at the end of their operational lifespan, presents considerable ecological challenges notwithstanding their contribution to the enhancement of renewable energy sources. This research offers an exhaustive examination of the ecological ramifications associated with each phase of the lifecycle of photovoltaic systems. The extraction of essential materials, including silicon, silver, and rare earth metals, necessitates energy-demanding processes and leads to resource depletion, while the manufacturing phase is associated with the emission of greenhouse gases and resource consumption, particularly in the fabrication of crystalline silicon panels. The disposal at the end of life is becoming increasingly significant, as retired panels accumulate, and existing recycling technologies provide minimal recovery of valuable materials. Despite the substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions attributable to solar panels throughout their operational lifespan, there is a pressing need for enhancements in material efficiency, manufacturing methodologies, and recycling frameworks to mitigate their lifecycle repercussions. The investigation underscores the imperative for sustainable methodologies, circular economy paradigms, and policy measures to guarantee the enduring environmental sustainability of solar energy.

Assessing research needs for informing pet food industry decisions

Abstract The global pet food industry continues to grow being fueled by increased pet ownership, higher disposable income of pet owners, and a growing demand for premium products. While this growth has attracted increased interest of researchers in animal nutrition and product formulation, the overall body of management and economic literature to guide product innovation and marketing strategies in the pet food industry is still limited. This study aims to identify and highlight the most important, relevant, and current research needs for informing product and marketing decisions in pet food. The methods include a quantitative analysis of primary data from a survey of 76 pet food decision makers involved in the procurement of raw material, production, and marketing. The findings suggest the need for extensive research in various areas pertaining to the quality and availability of raw materials, processing methods, and forecasting consumer preferences. The findings also emphasize high value research areas such as identifying alternative protein sources, enhancing nutrient retention during the extrusion process, identifying opportunities for product innovation that align with customer preferences, and accurately predicting consumer demand.

Распределение затрат на закупки в условиях использования стратегии отсрочки в цепях поставок

The article discusses the method of distributing procurement costs in the context of using the deferral strategy in the CP, which allows participants to obtain additional competitive advantages by reducing the time period from product development and raw material procurement to actual sales. The proposed approach is based on the application of graph theory to procurement cost management, namely, the use of graph coloring algorithms for distributing or combining such costs over different time periods. The examples discussed in the article are especially relevant in the context of turbulent modern markets, which have a direct impact on the diversity and specificity of economic relations between CP participants.

Management of Logistics Systems to Increase the Competitiveness of a Community Enterprise Processing Herbs from Local Wisdom in Buriram Province, Thailand

The objectives of this research are to study: 1) the operating characteristics of the logistics system, 2) the relationship between logistics system management and competitiveness, and 3) development guidelines to increase the competitiveness of a community enterprise processing herbs from local wisdom in Ban Prue Sub-district, Krasang District, Buriram Province. The population and sample consisted of 30 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews, as well as group discussions. Data analysis included statistics such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the research revealed that: 1) All aspects of logistics system operations were at the highest level. 2) The relationship between logistics system management and competitiveness was at a moderate level, with customer service and packaging management showing a low level of relationship. And 3) development guidelines to increase competitiveness should focus on producing or developing products to have variety and quality, using local wisdom to create trust, acceptance, and reliability in the long term. It should cover all customer needs and emphasize cost leadership by developing the use of resources in a cost-effective manner and determining production costs based on long experience in business operations to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Rapid response should involve developing production according to orders and delivering products to customers on time using modern technology to speed up production. Testing research hypotheses on raw material procurement, inventory management, transportation, and distribution showed a positive impact while packaging management showed a negative impact on competitiveness of the community enterprise processing herbs from local wisdom in Ban Prue Sub-district, Krasang District, Buriram Province. The prediction for the four aspects was at 63.60% (AdjR² = 0.636).

IMPLEMENTASI DIGITAL MARKETING PADA BUMDES MEKAR SEJAHTERA DENGAN CRITICAL SUCCESS FAKTOR DAN VALUE CHAIN

The implementation of Digital Marketing in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) Mekar Sejahtera aims to improve marketing performance and business competitiveness through the implementation of Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Value Chain. The study identifies and analyzes the key elements that influence the successful implementation of digital marketing strategies, as well as integrating them in a structured framework. In this study, data collection was carried out using two types of data: primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews and surveys with managers of Mekar Sejahtera BUMDes, while secondary data was obtained through analysis of relevant literature and similar case studies from other BUMDes that have implemented digital marketing. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method, which is a research approach used to understand social phenomena in a deep and descriptive way, focusing on the meaning contained in it. The results of the study show that there are several important factors that greatly affect the success of digital marketing in BUMDes Mekar Sejahtera, including: adequate technological infrastructure, competent human resources, effective content management, and appropriate promotion strategies. In addition, the integration of the value chain, starting from raw material procurement, production, distribution, to customer service, also plays an important role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of digital marketing. The implementation of good digital marketing can increase the visibility of BUMDes Mekar Sejahtera products, expand market reach, and increase sales. However, the challenges faced include budget constraints, resistance to change, and the need for ongoing training for managers. Therefore, strategic recommendations include the development of adequate digital infrastructure, increasing the capacity of human resources through training and mentoring, and strengthening collaboration with external parties such as the government and the private sector. This study concludes that the application of CSF and Value Chain in the development of digital marketing in BUMDes Mekar Sejahtera can have a significant positive impact, as long as it is carried out with careful planning and consistent execution. This research is expected to be a reference for other BUMDes in adopting effective and sustainable digital marketing strategies. Keywords: Critical Succes Factor, Value Chain, Digital Marketing.

헬스케어 공급망 리스크 주요 이슈 분석: 뉴스기사를 중심으로

This study investigates the major risk issues and their causes in healthcare supply chains, using network analysis and qualitative analysis of news media publications, and then proposes response and operational strategies for managing healthcare supply chain risks. We divided our study into two time periods for a comparative analysis of key risk issues in different degrees of environmental uncertainty. The year 2020 marked the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first period of our analysis is four years covering 2016-2019, prior to COVID-19 disruptions. The second period is also four years during 2020-2023 when the full force of COVID-19 disruptions affected healthcare supply chains. The keywords used to collect news media publications were “healthcare,” “healthcare industry,” “healthcare services,” “hospital,” “health center,” and “medicine.” The results of the study indicated that the major risks experienced in healthcare supply chains were due to the following factors: the type of patients who needed healthcare services, care services provided (lab tests, treatment, prescriptions, etc.), care service methods used (surgery, utilization of medical devices), and examination and diagnostics (clinical kits, etc.). While these factors were identified as possible causes of risk in the healthcare supply chains involving procurement of supplies and raw materials, these risks tend to intensify in the increased disruption period (year 2020-2023). Managing these risk issues in the disruptive periods contributes significantly not only to the performance of healthcare organizations but also to the well-being of the society at large. This study offers theoretical implications in that it analyzes the causes of risks in the healthcare supply chains and provides a basis for a comparative analysis of the relationships of risk factors in healthcare supply chains during a normal environment and a very disruptive environment. From a practical perspective, this study suggests effective countermeasures for managing healthcare supply chain risks with examples that can be used as a guideline by healthcare executives, managers, and policy-makers of healthcare services.

Sustainability in Supply Chain Planning

Sustainability in supply chain planning has emerged as a vital component for attaining long-term company success and environmental stewardship in today's quickly expanding global market. This is because sustainability is integral to the planning process. Sustainable supply chain planning incorporates environmental, social, and economic issues into the heart of supply chain management strategies. This is in response to the growing awareness among companies of the need to reduce their ecological imprint. When establishing a sustainable supply chain, it is necessary to conduct an exhaustive analysis of the whole supply chain lifetime, beginning with the procurement of raw materials and ending with the disposal of products at their end of life. It is necessary to put into practice procedures that cut down on waste, lessen the amount of carbon emissions, and increase the efficiency with which resources are used. The selection of suppliers who adhere to sustainable practices, the optimisation of transportation routes to minimise fuel usage, and the utilisation of technology that support the ideas of a circular economy are all important initiatives. Through the implementation of these components, organisations have the ability to reduce the risks connected with environmental requirements and interruptions in supply chain operations.

Analysis of UHT Diamond Milk Supplier Selection With Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method cafe Milkyway Coffe & Milk In Berau Regency, East Kalimantan

Every business sector certainly wants consistency in production results, this can be realized through collaboration with raw material providers or suppliers who can ensure the consistent availability of raw materials because the production of raw materials is very vital. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good raw material procurement system and supplier selection so that the production process can run smoothly. Milkyway Cafe is the first pioneering UKM of beverage and food business in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan which has a special characteristic of beverage products made from milk which are liked by many customers, especially teenagers, children, and families. There are problems experienced when selecting suppliers who provide raw materials for UHT milk because there are several factors to consider, namely price, delivery, service, and accuracy of quantities. The sample of the research is the owner of the business that regulates the procurement of UHT milk. The results of the analysis and calculation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Microsoft Excel stated that the chosen alternative, namely the Kompas with a weight value of 0.46, was superior to the Simpang Utama with a weighted value of 0.34 and the Tops Jaya with a weighted value of 0.20. The main factors that are prioritized in the selection of suppliers at Milkyway are service criteria with a weight value of 0.18, the accuracy of the number of goods with a weight value of 0.15, prices with a weight value of 0.08, and delivery with a weight value of 0.06.

A double-layer Q-learning driven memetic algorithm for integrated scheduling of procurement, production and maintenance with distributed resources

The existing research on integrated production scheduling typically focuses on activities related to both production and post-production (e.g., operation and maintenance), with limited consideration for simultaneously integrating pre-production activities (e.g., raw material procurement). However, achieving the equilibrium between the manufacturer and the demander for intelligent manufacturing systems requires the optimal scheduling solution that integrates both pre-production and post-production activities. Inspired by this, we investigate a novel integrated scheduling problem that concurrently considers raw material procurement, production scheduling and equipment maintenance (abbreviated as SIPPM). A mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to simultaneously minimize the total costs for the manufacturer and the demander. Furthermore, a double-layer Q-learning driven memetic algorithm (DQMA) is proposed to solve the SIPPM. In DQMA, a well-tailored three-layer hybrid encoding method is presented for chromosome representation. The global search of DQMA employs three crossover and three mutation operators. Moreover, a knowledge-based local search operator with six methods, guided by an effective double-layer Q-learning structure, is devised to enhance local exploitation capabilities. The superiority of DQMA is verified through comparison with three popular multi-objective optimization algorithms on 108 newly established benchmark instances. The proposed integrated scheduling mode is proven to be more effective than two separated scheduling modes without considering raw material procurement.

Efficiency Strategy for Procurement of Raw Materials for Side Beam for Bogie with Material Requirement Planning at PT XYZ

Companies in Indonesia must find the right solution in order to survive and compete in the era of globalization. Price competition is an important strategy in the competition between similar companies. Based on this, there is a need for a good understanding in the company regarding strategic financing planning in order to achieve predetermined goals efficiently. This efficiency can be characterized by minimal cost expenditure in order to obtain maximum profit. One way to get maximum profit is by implementing good inventory management PT XYZ is a train manufacturing company in Southeast Asia. The company produces various types of trains. There is a production planning for the Train XYZ project with a total production of 526 units of train components for the Side Beam for Bogie. Procurement of these raw materials, PT XYZ uses Lot for Lot (LFL) at a cost of Rp1,411,402. The use of the LFL system still has shortcomings, namely problems due to late delivery and inefficient procurement in terms of financing. The results of production planning research with several MRP methods that have been compared, it is concluded that POQ lot sizing is the most efficient procurement of raw materials other than LFL. In detail, the total cost with the POQ method amounted to Rp1,243,140 and decreased by 11.9%. The cost consists of procurement costs of Rp781,162 and storage costs of Rp461,978.

Optimization of Raw Material Inventory using Always Better Control (ABC) Analysis and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method Approach in the Warehouse of a Bolt Manufacturing Factory in Indonesia

There is a problem in the raw material procurement process at the Contractor Company, such as running out and excess stock of raw materials, as well as difficulties in determining how many raw materials to order that meet the company's economic value. Running out of raw material stock results in delays in production activities, while excess raw material stock can fill warehouse capacity, thereby increasing storage costs. To overcome this problem, research was carried out using a quantitative descriptive method to determine the level of production cost efficiency and production effectiveness level in order to achieve optimization of raw material supplies using Always Better Control (ABC) Analysis and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method at Bolt Companies. ABC analysis plays a role in determining which raw materials have the highest level of demand and the EOQ method plays a role in determining the amount of raw materials to be ordered in order to meet the company's economic value. The research results show that the combination of ABC Analysis and EOQ Method can reduce ordering costs and raw material inventory. There are 4 items out of 10 raw material items that are included in Category A or the most prioritized category. From the results of calculations using the EOQ method, the Bolt Company can save total orders and raw material inventory (TIC) in the period January to December 2023 amounting to IDR 2,147,403,-.

Carbon Footprint for Jeans’ Circular Economy Model Using Bagasse

To date, clothing has been produced and disposed of in large quantities. It is also known that each process, from the procurement of raw materials to production, transportation, sales, laundry, and disposal, has a significant environmental impact. According to the Global Fashion Agenda, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the fashion industry account for 4% of the global total. Therefore, apparel makers are shifting from a linear economy to a circular economy. For example, the Japanese start-up Curelabo Co., Ltd. (Okinawa, Japan) developed jeans (bagasse washi jeans) made from bagasse, which is a residual material derived from sugarcane after the extraction of cane juice. Furthermore, the use of improved dyeing reduces boiler fuel consumption and eliminates the need for detergents and acid. For disposal, the used jeans and their production waste are processed into biochar for carbon sequestration. In this study, we attempted to calculate GHG emissions using life cycle assessment (LCA) for the circular economy model developed by Curelabo Co., Ltd. GHG emissions from the production of bagasse washi jeans were 1.09 × 101 kg-CO2e. Dyeing, bleaching, and fabric finishing, known as the wet processes, were found to contribute a large proportion of GHG emissions due to their high energy consumption. Furthermore, the entire lifecycle of GHG emissions from bagasse washi jeans, including transport, sales, laundry, and disposal, were 1.53 × 101 kg-CO2e. First, the use of bagasse washi yarn for the weft reduced by 2.99 × 10−1 kg-CO2e compared with the use of conventional 100% bleached cotton yarn. Second, compared with conventional dyeing, GHG emissions from the improved dyeing process were reduced by 2.78 kg-CO2e. Third, the disposal of the used jeans and their production waste into biochar reduced GHG emissions by 9.01 × 10−1 kg-CO2e. Additionally, GHG emissions can be reduced by re-inputting waste in the paper-making process and by using liquefied natural gas as boiler fuel in the dyeing process.

Analisis dan Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Katering pada UMKM Menggunakan BPMN

Fafiras Kitchen is a family business that focuses on food catering services. This business involves three main operational stages, namely the ordering process, procurement of raw materials, and delivery of products to customers. From the results of observations and interviews, several problems were identified such as the absence of good records in the ordering process resulting in errors in order fulfillment and loss of customer data, dependence on one raw material supplier increases the risk of delays and disruptions in the supply chain and inefficient delivery management caused by human error and no real time tracking, so this has an impact on customer loyalty. This research aims to analyze and model the current business process and provide recommendations for improvement. Modeling is done using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) with a qualitative approach to investigate existing business processes. The results of this research can identify areas of improvement to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of MSMEs operations so that MSMEs can better understand, manage, and optimize their business processes. In addition, this research also conducted simulations using the Bizagi Modeler application to test the validity of the business process modeling that has been made. The simulation results show an increase in time in the implementation of business processes.

Raw Materials and Lithic Production During the Early Magdalenian in Cantabrian Spain: Cova Rosa (Ribadesella, Asturias)

The lithic assemblage studied here comes from Cova Rosa, one of the main Upper Palaeolithic sites in Asturias (northern Spain). The remains were found in Layer B5, which was excavated by F. Jordá Cerdá and A. Gómez Fuentes in 1978 and are associated with an osseous assemblage and archaeozoological remains. This occupation has been dated by radiocarbon to about 16,400 BP (ca. 19.8–19.6 ka cal BP), corresponding to Archaic/Lower Magdalenian. The present study combines the determination of the raw materials and the identification of the production systems to achieve an understanding of the management of lithic resources by hunter-gatherer groups in the Late Pleistocene. The sourcing of mostly local materials (mainly Piloña flint), the wide variety of rock types of diverse provenances (up to 10 types), and the presence of well-represented lithological tracers (Flysch, Chalosse) turn Cova Rosa into an important case for studying different lithic raw material procurement models. The predominance of microlaminar production and the variability in the exploitation strategies used to obtain backed tools, as well as the poor standardisation of flake production, follow the dynamics observed in other occupations of similar chronology in a wide geographical area that includes Cantabrian Spain and south-west France.

Optimizing Production Planning and Inventory Management in Post-Pandemic Recovery Using A Multi-Period Hybrid Uncertain Optimization Model

During the post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery phase, decision-makers in the manufacturing and retail sectors are confronted with numerous uncertainties. These issues comprise various aspects of operations, including the acquisition of raw materials or components and planning production activities. Therefore, this research aimed to introduce an innovative dynamic hybrid optimization model that combined probabilistic and fuzzy techniques. The model would offer a solution for addressing the challenges posed by uncertain parameters, particularly in the context of post-pandemic scenarios for production planning and inventory management with multiple periods of observation. The model was designed to handle exceptional circumstances such as parameter uncertainties, augmented demand fluctuations, fuzzy variables, and probabilistic factors. The primary objective of the model was to maximize the expected total profit of the operational process. To achieve this aim, an uncertain programming algorithm based on the interior point method was used to compute the optimal decision for the problem at hand. Through the execution of simulations using randomly generated data, the proposed model was thoroughly evaluated and analyzed with six suppliers, three raw part types, three product types, and six periods. All six suppliers were selected to supply raw parts, however, not all suppliers were selected to supply particular raw part types. Furthermore, it was derived that the expectation of the maximum profit is 897261.40; this is the best expected profit generated by the optimization model, meaning that other decisions may result in a smaller expectation of the profit. The results of these simulations unequivocally showed the effectiveness of the decision-making model in providing optimal solutions, specifically in terms of raw material procurement and production planning strategies. Subsequently, this model could serve as a valuable tool for decision-makers operating within the manufacturing and retail industries.

Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Bawang Merah Untuk Produksi Bawang Goreng Dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Dan Just In Time (JIT)

Effective planning to manage the procurement of raw materials is crucial for maintaining productivity in production activities and controlling costs. Indonesian enterprise UD. XYZ is dedicated to the manufacturing of fried onions. However, between April 2022 and June 2023, there have been regular fluctuations in the raw material availability for the production process, which has resulted in subpar output levels and unmet demand. To solve this problem, this study will use time series forecasting techniques to estimate the demand for fried onions and the Economic Order Quantity method to control raw material supply. Furthermore, this study uses the Just In Time approach to determine the minimum inventory cost. Both systems are anticipated to lessen the effects of changes in raw material availability. Based on the research results, the linear regression method was used for forecasting, which predicted an average demand of 1354 Kg of fried onions with a MAPE value of 2,79%, MAD 27,59, and MSD 1317,81. Then, an EOQ value of 1992,85 kg was calculated using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Just In Time (JIT) methods. This resulted in a total minimum storage cost of Rp. 2.989.271.

Feed industry: transfer of new technologies

Relevance – the industry for production of compound feed for farm animals is the main link in the structure of the AIC, located in the middle of all production and technological connections of the livestock products market. Over the past decade, quite high indicators have been achieved in feed production in the republic. The main components are the increase in consumption of grain fodder by livestock industry, increase in production volume of the main components of feed preparation, and optimization of the procurement of raw materials. The goal is to show the realities and prospects for increasing the potential of feed industry in Kazakhstan, the need for effective strategies based on intensification and innovative technology renewal. Methods – comparative, statistical, system analysis, logical generalization. Results - the authors state that enterprises that have become the main suppliers of raw materials for livestock sector have a number of economic difficulties that do not allow them to meet the growing needs of agroindustrial production and create reserves for large-scale export of combined feed and livestock products to the world market, in particular in countries of the Middle East. There is a significant dependence of feed production on cereals, since the key type of raw material source is 5 grade grain (coarse). Therefore, it is necessary to expand the area under these crops to obtain the required volumes of grain mixtures and feed. It is noted that one of the main promising areas of innovative activity remains the issue of reducing cost of operating equipment and energy costs. Conclusions - organization of highly efficient feed production segment in the country is necessary for proportional and balanced development of grain processing enterprises - main components of grain and meat product subcomplexes and the links between them. It is necessary to increase the capacity of large production enterprises to provide feed products on industrial scale, and also to apply technologies based on the use of grass flour and molasses from grains, which contain a high proportion of elements with high energy value, which can significantly increase the efficiency of raising livestock and reduce product costs.

An optimal raw material procurement strategy that minimizes enterprise price risks

This article is devoted to the problem of theoretical and information support for decision-making in strategic management of raw material procurement processes. The study is timely, because there is currently significant volatility in prices for raw materials. This poses very difficult challenges for managers. Finding solutions is one of the most important areas of business informatics. This article discusses a procurement strategy in two stages: at the beginning and middle of the month. The price of raw materials is known only at the beginning of the month. Price is a continuous random variable. You can predict only the interval of its change. Here the interval is directly used to determine the purchase volume at a known price. The authors derived a functional dependence of the maximum risk according to Savage on the amount of purchased raw materials at the beginning of the month. As a result, it was possible to establish the amount of raw materials to be purchased at the beginning of the month to reduce maximum risk to a minimum. Using the example of corn purchases, we carried out a comparative analysis of possible methods for determining these intervals based on an analysis of price time series. The findings are useful for managers of processing enterprises. This work is the first to solve the problem of minimizing the maximum risk when purchasing raw materials.

STITCHING COSTS TOGETHER: THE LOGISTICS BEHIND TEXTILE PRICING

Logistics' capacity to efficiently handle the flow of resources, information, and items from point of origin to point of consumption makes it an indispensable tool in many facets of business and daily life. This article explores the significant impact of logistics costs on textile pricing, considering factors like transportation, warehousing, customs, handling, supply chain efficiency, technological integration, environmental regulations, economic and political influences. Efficient supply chain management is vital, as it covers stages from raw material procurement to product distribution. This articles also highlights the importance of managing modes of transportation, warehousing, customs compliance and packaging. The role of technology and sustainability in reducing costs is emphasized, along with the impact of economic and political factors. The study underscores the necessity of optimizing logistics to maintain competitive pricing and enhance market for the textile products.

Analysis of Raw Material Procurement and Production In The Bandung Nukasep Household Bread Industry In The Pedati Market, Central Bengkulu District

Salah satu industri rumah tangga di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah adalah usaha pembuatan Roti Bakar Bandung Nukasep yang berproduksi setiap hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengadaan bahan baku Roti Bakar Bandung Nukasep dan untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor produksi Roti Bakar Bandung Nukasep di Pasar Pedati Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Motode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang mana data-data didapatkan dari observasi, wawancara dan data skunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan teori-teori yang melandasi masalah yang dibahas maka pengadaan bahan baku Roti Bakar Bandung Nukasep di Pasar Pedati Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah menerapkan komponen enam tepat, yaitu tepat kuantitas (jumlah roti bakar yang diproduksi setiap harinya rata-rata 312 bungkus), tepat kualitas (tepung bermerek cakra kembar), tepat tempat (lokasi pembelian bahan baku di toko rempah sari Pasar Minggu Kota Bengkulu), tepat waktu (satu minggu sekali), tepat harga (untuk sekali pembelian sebesar Rp. 6.262.000), dan tepat jenis (menggunakan tepung yang berprotein tinggi). Dan faktor produksi Roti Bakar Bandung Nukasep di Pasar Pedati Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah meliputi bahan baku, modal, tenaga kerja, lama usaha,dan permintaan.